(EF)

1

29Pediatric Nursing Update 2017

5-7 2560

2

Primary Psychiatry 2009; 16 (7)

:

(Executive FunctionsEF

(Goal directed behaviors)

EF1. Working Memory

(update

(attention) 2. Inhibit

3-3.5 3. Shift/Cognitive flexibility(

(Shift 4-4.5 WM Inhibit

3

4. Emotional control

(4.5-6

5. Plan/organize

6. Initiate (

7. Self monitoring (

8. Organize of material (

4

EF

PlanningReasoning(Problem solvingSelf monitoring (

Shift (4-4.5

Inhibit (3-3.5

Working memory (1

5

Emotional control / Effortful

(Fluid intelligence)

Initiation

(5-6 )

EF ??EF

EF Gilbert & Burgess, 2008)

Habitual behavior (no need EF)

Change of situation (need EF)

EF (Self-regulation)EF Self-regulation (SR)

EF EF/SR

EF/SR

EF/SR

EF (3

7

8

Prof. Walter MischelStanford University

http://www.embracinghealthblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/delayed-gratification.jpg

Marshmallow Study

Casey et al, 2011

Delay Gratification

11

(Adele Diamond; 2014)

What is Executive Function?

Goal directed behaviors

New Vision for Education: Fostering Social and Emotional Learning. World Economic Forum@ March 2016

EF 21

29%

11-17%3.5%

7%

13

Human and chimp have protracted development of prefrontal cortex (PFC)

14

EF

GRAPHIC: LAWSON PARKER. SOURCES: CHARLES NELSON, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL; PAT LEVITT, CHILDRENS HOSPITAL, LOS ANGELES.SYNAPSE DRAWINGS BASED ON GOLGI STAIN PREPARATIONS (1939-1967) BY J. L. CONEL

National Geographic, Jan 2015

EF

3-6 years

10-25 yearsAging

http://developingchild.harvard.edu/key_concepts/executive_function/

EFs

EFs

EF

EF

15

16

Lose it Use it

???

PFC

EF

EF EF

EF

EF EFs

(Diamond,2012; 2014; Nora & Volkowa,2011; Goldstien& Volkowa,2011; Crews,2009; Feil,2010)

EF

Emo

Control

Shift

Cog Flex

Plan/

Organize

Working Memory

Inhibit

EF

18