2013 AFS Juvenile Chinook Prolonged Exposure to MS-222_Katie Wagner
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Wagner et al. 2013 1 Influence of Prolonged MS-222 Exposure on Survival and Stress on Surgically Implanted Juvenile Salmonids KATIE A. WAGNER, ERIC S. FISCHER*, CHRISTA M. WOODLEY, AND M. BRAD EPPARD 1 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 1 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District
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Many studies have investigated the effects transmitters (acoustic or radio) have on the condition, behavior, and survival of fish; however, few studies have investigated this in relation to anesthetic exposure. We investigated stress responses to prolonged MS-222 exposure after stage 4 anesthetic induction in surgically implanted juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Survival, tag loss, plasma cortisol concentration, and blood [Na+], [K+], [Ca2+], and pH were measured immediately following anesthetic exposure and surgical implantation. Responses were also measured 1, 7, and 14 days post-treatment. Throughout the study, there were no mortalities or tag loss. MS-222 was effective at delaying cortisol release, but anesthetic exposure did result in osmotic disturbances, with greater variation in longer MS-222 time exposures. From day 1 to day 14, [Na+], [Ca2+], and pH significantly decreased, while cortisol significantly increased in MS-222 exposed fish and was exacerbated by surgical implantation. There was a significant interaction between MS-222 time exposure and observation day for [Na+], [Ca2+], [K+], and pH; variations were seen in the longer time exposures, although not consistently. Stress responses suggest that increased exposure to MS-222 can lead to elevated stress in surgically implanted fish.
Transcript of 2013 AFS Juvenile Chinook Prolonged Exposure to MS-222_Katie Wagner
Wagner et al. 2013 1
Influence of Prolonged MS-222
Exposure on Survival and
Stress on Surgically Implanted
Juvenile Salmonids
KATIE A. WAGNER, ERIC S. FISCHER*, CHRISTA M. WOODLEY, AND
M. BRAD EPPARD1
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
1U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District
Background
Large-Scale Telemetry Studies
Survival and behavior
Juvenile Salmon Acoustic
Telemetry System
Columbia River Basin
2012: upwards of 25,000 fish
2
Background: Surgical Process
Pre-Surgery
Anesthesia
Tag assignment
Condition
Photographed
Surgery
Incision
Tag insertion
Incision Closure
Recovery
Wagner et al. 2013 3
Background: MS-222
Stage 4 (80 mg/L)
Mechanism:
Inhibits voltage-sensitive Na+ channels
Use guidelines:
Vague
Max exposure (Argent 2011):
12 min @ 80-135 mg/L
30+ min @ 65 mg/L
Columbia River Basin researchers
up to 10 min
Wagner et al. 2013 4
http://www.argent-labs.com
Objective
To determine the stress responses (immediate
and long-term) associated with extended MS-222
exposure for surgically implanted juvenile
Chinook salmon.
Anesthetic exposure alter performance over time?
Mortality?
Tag loss…
Wagner et al. 2013 5
Methods: Study Design
3 Treatment Groups
Anesthetic Control (AC) – no anesthetic exposure or
surgical implantation
Surgical Control (SC) – exposed to MS-222 until Stage
4 Induction; no surgical implantation
Surgically Implanted (SI) – exposed to MS-222 for
varying time exposures; surgically implanted
0, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12, or 15 minutes past Stage 4
induction
Wagner et al. 2013 6
Methods: Study Design
Sample Days
Day 0:
AC versus SI
Day 1, Day 7, Day 14:
SC versus SI
Measures
Survival
Tag Loss
Analyte Concentration
pH
Cortisol
Wagner et al. 2013 7
Results: Survival & Tag Loss
100% Survival
No mortalities through post-exposure D14
0% Tag Loss
No tag loss through post-exposure D14
Healing process was able to occur
Wagner et al. 2013 8
AC 0 3 5 6 9 12 15
[Na+
] (m
mol L-1
)
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
AC 0 3 5 6 9 12 15[C
a2
+]
(mm
ol L-1
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
AC 0 3 5 6 9 12 15
[K+
] (m
mol L-1
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Time in MS-222 PastStage 4 Induction (min)
AC 0 3 5 6 9 12 15
pH
7.05
7.10
7.15
7.20
7.25
7.30
7.35
Time in MS-222 PastStage 4 Induction (min)
AC 0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Cort
isol (n
g m
L-1
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Results: Day 0 Stress
Wagner et al 2013 9
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
[Na+
] (m
mo
l L-1
)
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
0 3 5 6 9 12 15[C
a2+
] (m
mo
l L-1
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
[K+
] (m
mo
l L-1
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Time in MS-222 Past
Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
pH
7.10
7.15
7.20
7.25
7.30
7.35
Time in MS-222 Past
Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Cort
iso
l (n
g m
L-1
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Results: Day 0 Stress
Wagner et al. 2013 10
Results: Days 1 to 14 Stress
Wagner et al. 2013 11
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
Day 1 Day 7 Day 14
[Na+ ]
(m
mo
l L-1
)
SC
SI
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Day 1 Day 7 Day 14
[K+ ]
(m
mo
l L-1
)
SC
SI
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Day 1 Day 7 Day 14
[Ca2
+ ] (
mm
ol L
-1)
SC
SI
7.05
7.1
7.15
7.2
7.25
7.3
Day 1 Day 7 Day 14
pH SC
SI
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Day 1 Day 7 Day 14C
ort
iso
l (n
g m
L-1)
SC
SI
Results: Patterns between days
September 15, 2013 12
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
So
diu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Day 0
Day1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
So
diu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Day 0
Day1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Ca
lciu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Results: Patterns between days
Wagner et al. 2013 13
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
So
diu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Day 0
Day1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Ca
lciu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Results: Patterns between days
Wagner et al. 2013 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
So
diu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Day 0
Day1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Ca
lciu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Po
tassiu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Po
tassiu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Results: Patterns between days
Wagner et al. 2013 15
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
So
diu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Day 0
Day1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Ca
lciu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Po
tassiu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
pH
7.18
7.20
7.22
7.24
7.26Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
pH
7.18
7.20
7.22
7.24
7.26Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Ca
lciu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
So
diu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Day 0
Day1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
pH
7.18
7.20
7.22
7.24
7.26Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Co
rtis
ol (n
g m
L-1
)80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Results: Patterns between days
Wagner et al. 2013 16
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Po
tassiu
m (
mm
ol L
-1)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Time Spent in MS-222 Past Stage 4 Induction (min)
0 3 5 6 9 12 15
Co
rtis
ol (n
g m
L-1
)
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150Day 0
Day 1
Day 7
Day 14
Summary
Immediate responses (Day 0)
Delayed cortisol release
Resulted in osmotic disturbances
variation in longer exposures
Long-term responses (Days 1, 7, and 14)
Na+, Ca2+, and pH over time
Cortisol over time
variation in longer exposures
Wagner et al. 2013 17
Impacts on Field Studies
Stress response levels not stabilized by release
(18-24 hours)
Longer MS-222 exposures
Altered performance or behavior?
Higher cortisol with surgical implantation
Altered performance or behavior?
Wagner et al. 2013 18
Acknowledgements
Funding: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District
Discussion: Columbia Basin Surgical Protocol Steering Committee
PNNL: C. Arminescu, J. Boyd, S. Carpenter, J. Carter, K. Carter, A.
Colotelo, J. Duncan, M. Gay, M. Hennen, K. Knox, B. Miller, E.
Oldenburg, I. Royer, A. Solcz, and M. Weiland
Wagner et al. 2013 19
