2011uec1316
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Transcript of 2011uec1316
What Is Automation?
• Automation a delegation of human control functions to technical equipment for increased productivity, reduced cost and increased safety conditions.
• Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and in daily experience.
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Impact Of Automation
It speeds up the developmental processes of the society.
It increases production.
Extreme industrialization
Replacement of human labor with machines.
Makes life dependent on latest gadgets and equipments
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Types of Automation
Types of Automation Applications
1.Home Automation Air Conditioner, Geyser, Washing
machine etc.
2.Office Automation FAX, Printers etc.
3.Building Automation Automatic Car Parking, Elevator
etc.
4.Industrial Automation Automation in whole plant.
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Automation Tools
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Different types of automation tools exist are
• SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
• PLC - Programmable Logic Controller
Basic Components Of Automation
• Field Sensors
• Junction Box
• Control Hardware and Control System
• SCADA
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Field Sensors• Sense the parameter and send the analog & digital
signal to the control hardware
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Process Variables Sensors
Temperature RTD, Thermocouple, Thermistor
Pressure Borden Tube, Bellows, Strain
Gauge
Flow Pitot Tube
Displacement LVDT, RVDT
Control Hardware
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Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID)
CNC
PC Based
PLC
DCS
Control hardware consist of different types of controllers which are as follows:
Introduction to PLC
• A PLC is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes like control of machinery on factory assembly line.
• It was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control.
• The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs.
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Central Processing Unit• Made of a microprocessor & a memory system
• Reads the input, executes logic, performs calculations & controls the outputs accordingly
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Input Modules
• Act as interface between real-time status of process variable and the CPU.
Analog input module:
RTD (Ohm)
Thermocouple (mV)
Digital input module:
Switches
Pushbuttons
Relays 15
Output Modules
• Act as link between the CPU and the output devices in the field.
Analog output module : Control Valve Motor
Digital output module : Solenoid Valves lamps
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Power Supply
• Converts the incoming voltage to a useable
form for the internal electronics
• Protects the PLC ‘s components from voltage
spikes
• Operates either on 120VAC/ 240 VAC/ 24VDC
• Isolation transformer - take care of shielding
from Drives, ensure proper earthing.
Programming Interface
• Personal Computer
– Run PLC Programming Software
– It creates, edits, document, store and troubleshoot ladder diagrams, and generates printed reports
• Hand Held Programmer
– Mainly a troubleshooting tool.
– On factory floor you can modify, store and transfer the program to multiple machines
These products communicate with the PLC through a RS232
PLC Signal Flow
Programming Terminal
O:0/7
O:0/7
O:1/5
Output ModulesProcessor MemoryInput Module
Input DevicesLadder Program
O:0/7
O:1/5
I:0/6
I:1/4
O:1/5
I:0/6
I:1/4
I:0/6
I:1/4
Data InputImage Table
OutputImage Table
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TOOLS FOR LADDER PROGRAMMING
• Bit Instructions
• Timers
• Counters
• Compare Block
• Mathematical Operators
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Bit Instructions• Input NC Bit
• Input NO Bit
• Output Bit
• Binary Latch Bit
• Binary Unlatch Bit
• OSR Bit21
TIMERSTIMER NAME PURPOSE
Timer on delay (TON) Counts time base intervals when instructions is true.
Timer off delay (TOF) Counts time base intervals when instruction is false.
Retentive Time On (RTO)
Counts time base intervals when instruction is true and retains the accumulated value when instruction goes false.
CountersCOUNTER NAME PURPOSE
1. Count Up (CTU) Increments the accumulated value at each false to true transition and retain the accumulated value when instruction goes false.
2. Count Down (CTD)
decrements the accumulated value at each false to true transition and retain the accumulated value when instruction goes false.
3. Reset (RES) Resets the accumulated value and status bits of a timer and counter. Do not use with TOF timers.
WHAT IS SCADA?
• SCADA stands for supervisory control and data acquisition. As the name indicates it is not a full control system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level
• A SCADA program normally runs on a PC and communicates with external instrumentation and control devices.
• It’s an optional device used in automation for continuous monitoring. 25
Features
Dynamic Process Graphics
Real Time & Historical Trends
Alarms
Recipe Management
Security
Device Connectivity
Scripts26
Product VendorsS.NO. COMPANY PRODUCT
1. Siemens (26%) WinCC (Windows
Control Centre)
2. Allen Bradley (14%) RSView (Rockwell
Software)
3. Modicon Vijeo Citect
4. Intelluation Fix Dynamics
5. WonderWare Intouch
6. GE(General
Electricity)
Cimplicity
7. KPIT Astra
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Creating An Application InTouch
Steps in creating an application includes:
Create an applicationCreate the window in which
application will runCreating graphics images of different
parts of our processBreathing life into graphicsRunning the application
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