2010 წლის პუბლიკაცია -

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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi

Tbilisi 2010


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Export of frEsh fruits and VEgEtablEs to EuropEanunion MarkEt froM third CountriEs

leT veb-gverdis misamarTze www.delgeo.ec.europa.eu

veb-gverdis mi-

samarTze www.eugbc.net

ISBN

avtorebi: konstantine zaldastaniSviliTaTia julayiZe

978-9941-0-2619-5

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s a r C e v i

1. Sesavali 3

2. axalixilisadabostneulismarketingulistandartebi 5

3. specifikurimarketingulistandartebicitrusebisTvis 14

4. janmrTelobisdafitosanitarulimoTxovnebimcenareebsa damcenareulproduqtebze 20

5. evrokavSirismoTxovnebisursaTisuvneblobasadahigienaze 25

danarTi1 axalixilisadabostneulismarketingul standartebTanSesabamisobissertifikatisforma 32

danarTi2 axalixilisadabostneulissamrewvelo gamoyenebissertifikatisforma 33

danarTi3 fitosanitarulisertifikatisforma 34

danarTi4 mcenarisgadaadgilebisdokumenti 36

danarTi5 publikaciaSigamoyenebulievrokavSiris sakanonmdeblodokumentebi 37

Summary ExportofFreshFruitsandVegetablesfromThirdCountriestothe EuropeanUnionMarket 38

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1. Sesavali

mesameqveynebidan1axalixilisadabostneulis2evrokavSirisbazarze importis wesebis umravlesoba harmonizebuliaevrokavSiriswevrsaxelmwifoebsSorisdarogorcaxalixilisadabostneulismarketingulstandartebs,asevesursaTishigienisadauvneblobiszogadmoTxovnebsmoicavs.winamdebarepublikaciaaRwers aRniSnul standartebs da evrokavSiris Sida bazris immoTxovnebs,romelTacodnacaucilebeliamesameqveynebidan,maTSorissaqarTvelodan,axalixilisadabostneulisevrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportirebisTvis.

evrokavSiris sasoflo-sameurneo (maT Soris axali xilisada bostneulis) bazris erTian organizebas, sasoflo-sameurneoproduqtebiswarmoebisadamarketingiswesebs,specifikurdebule-bebszogierTisasoflo-sameurneoproduqtisTvis,asevesasoflo-sameurneoproduqtebiTmesameqveynebTanvaWrobisreJimebsevro-kavSirissabWos2007 wlis22oqtombrisNo 1234/2007 regulaciagansazRvravs.

evrokavSirissabWoszemoTaRniSnulregulaciazedayrdnobiT,evrokomisiamSeimuSava2008wlis5dekembris No1221/2008 regulacia,romelicgansazRvravskonkretuladaxalixilisadabostneuliszogaddaspecifikurmarketingulstandartebsdaeqsport-importisprocedurebs.aqedangamomdinare,evrokomisiisesregulacia,mesameqveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarzeeqsportiorebisTvis erT-erT mTavar saxelmZRvanelo dokumentswarmoadgens.

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciisTanaxmad, marketinguli standartebi moicavs xilisa da bost-neulis warmoebisa da komercializaciis yvela etaps, importisada eqsportis CaTvliT. marketinguli standartebi momxmarebelsawvdisinformaciasproduqtiswarmoSobisqveynis,produqtiskla-sisadasaxeobisSesaxeb.esstandartebigansazRvravenproduqtisxarisxs,klasifikacias,zomas,SefuTvas,dafasoebas,Senaxvas,trans-portirebas, wardgenasda etiketirebas. mesame qveynebidan impor-

1 mesame qveynebad iwodebian is saxelmwifoebi,romlebic ar arian evrokavSiriswevri qveynebi, im qveynebis CaTvliT, romlebic evrokavSirTan specialuri poli-tikuridaekonomikuriuerTierTobebiTsargebloben(evrokavSirisasocirebuliwevri qveynebi, evrokavSirTan stabilurobisada asocirebisSesaxebSeTanxmebiTdakavSirebuliqveynebidaa.S.)2 evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, axali xilida bostneuli miekuTvnebasakvebisimkategorias,romelicmoicavs:axalxils,bostneuls,mwvanils,ylortebs,sokosdaagreTveminimaluraddamuSavebulsakvebadgamzadebulxilsadabost-neuls.minimaluraddamuSavebaSiigulisxmebaxilisadabostneulisgasufTaveba,daWra,danawevreba,andaqucmacebamaTSefuTvamde.

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tirebisas, produqtis standartebTan Sesabamisoba evrokavSiriswevriqveynebisSesabamisisainspeqcioorganoebismiermowmdeba.

produqtismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisoba,produqtismierevrokavSirissazRvrisgadakveTisasmowmdeba,damaszee.w.Se-sabamisobissertifikatigaicema.xsenebulisertifikatiaucilebe-lia,mesameqveynebidanaxalixilisadabostneulisevrokavSirisbazarze Sesatanad. axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingulistandartebi da maTTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebis procedura wi-namdebarepublikaciismeoreTavSiaaRwerili.mesameTavSikimo-cemuliaspecifikurimarketingulistandartebicitrusebisTvis.

axalixilisadabostneulisevrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportisTvis,marketingul standartebTan erTad, aucilebelia sanitarulidafitosanitaruli moTxovnebis dakmayofileba, rac evrokavSiriskanonmdeblobismixedviT,adamianisadamcenareTajanmrTelobisdacvis kidev erTi garantiaa. evrokavSiris sanitaruli dafitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mocemulia evrokavSiris sabWos2000wlis8maisisNo2000/29direqtivaSi.aRniSnulidireqtivisTanaxmad, mesame qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulisevrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportisas,saWiroamcenarisjanmrTelobisdafitosanitarulisertifikatiswardgena.sertifikatigacemuliunda iqnas mesame qveynis kompetenturi uwyebis mier da undaadasturebdes, rom saeqsporto sasoflo-sameurneo produqciaarSeicavsadamianisjanmrTelobisTvismavneorganizmebsdaararis mcenareuli daavadebebis matarebeli. am sakiTxis SesaxebinformaciapublikaciismeoTxeTavSiamocemuli.

axalixilisadabostneulisevrokavSirisbazarzeimportisas,evrokavSiriswevri qveynebi amowmeben am produqciisSesabamiso-bas sursaTis higienasa da sursaTis uvneblobaze evrokavSirisiseTmoTxovnebTan,rogorebicaasakvebidanamatebis,pesticidebisdadamabinZureblebisarseboba.evrokavSiriswevriqveyniskanon-mdeblobazeadamokidebuli,TusadCatardebaamgvariSemowmeba:sazRvrisgadakveTisadgilze,importiorissawyobSiTusacalovaWrobisqselSi.sursaTisuvneblobisSesaxebevrokavSirismTa-varsakanonmdebloaqtsevrokavSirissabWosadaevroparlamentis2002wlis28ianvrisNo 178/2002regulacia warmoadgens.amregula-ciis Tanaxmad,evrokavSirisbazarzeimportirebulisakvebi“undaSeesabamebodes sursaTis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobismoTxovnebs an am moTxovnebis eqvivalenturad aRiarebul piro-bebs”.aqedangamomdinare,evrokavSirisbazarzemesameqveynebidan(maTSorissaqarTvelodan)importirebulisakvebiundaSeesabam-ebodesimavestandartebs,racevrokavSiriswevrisaxelmwifoebi-sTvisaa dawesebuli. evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis zogadimoTxovnebiaRweriliapublikaciismexuTeTavSi.

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aRsaniSnavia,romevrokavSirisbazarzecxoveluriwarmoSobisproduqtebis eqsportisgan gansxvavebiT, axali xilisa dabostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportis wesebi naklebadmkacria.cxoveluriwarmoSobisproduqtebisevrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportisTvis, evrokavSirisgan eqsportze Tanxmobis miReba damesame qveynis mewarmis im sawarmoTa siaSi Seyvanaa aucilebeli,romlebsacaRniSnuliproduqciisevrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportisufleba aqvT. es wesi ar vrceldeba evrokavSiris bazarzeaxali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportiorebze. Tumca, axalixilisa da bostneulis eqsportiori valdebulia, uzrunvelyossaqonlisSesabamisobaevrokavSirissursaTisuvneblobiszogadstandartebTan da waradginos fitosanitaruli da marketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobissertifikatebi.

2. axali xilisa da bostneulis marketinguli standartebi

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5dekembris No 1221/2008 regulacia gansazRvravs axali xilisada bostneulis seqtoris zogad da specifikur marketingulstandartebs. aRniSnuli regulaciis Tanaxmad, axali xilisa dabostneulisevrokavSirisbazarzerealizaciadasaSvebiamxolodimSemTxvevaSi,TuproduqtisaRia, akmayofilebssabazroxarisxsda masze miTiTebulia warmoSobis qveyana. evrokavSiris wevrisaxelmwifoebis sainspeqcio organoebi3 aseve uzrunvelyofenimportisTvis gankuTvnili produqciis zogad marketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebasdagascemenSesabamisobissertifikats, rac aucilebelia axali xilisa da bostneulisevrokavSirisbazarzeSetanisas.

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciispirvelidanarTisnawili Aadgensaxalixilisadabostneuliszogadmarketingulstandartebs,rogorebicaa:

1. xarisxis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviTacproduqtiundaiyos:

o mTeli;o saRi(gamoiricxebaproduqti,romeliclpobisan

gafuWebisstadiaSiadamoxmarebisTvisuvargisia);

�sainspeqcioorgano(ebi)-evrokavSiriswevriTiToeuliqveynismiergansazRvru-lisainspeqcioorgano(ebi),romelicpasuximgebeliaaxalixilisadabostneulismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebaze,produqciisTavisufalmi-moqcevaSigaSvebamde.

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o sufTa(yovelgvariSesamCneviucxonivTierebisgareSe);

o mavneblebisgareSe;

o mavneblebismiergamowveulidazianebisgareSe;

o uCveulogareganisinotivisgareSe;o yovelgvariucxosunisangemosgareSe;

o iseTmdgomareobaSi,romgauZlostrasportirebasdadaniSnulebisadgilamdemiaRwiosdamakmayofilebelmdgomareobaSi;

2. simwifis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviTacproduqtiundaiyosdamakmayofilebladmwife.produqtissimwifis xarisxi imgvari unda iyos, rom produqtmagaagrZelosdamwifebadasimwifisdamakmayofilebeldonesmiaRwios;

3. am moTxovnebidan gadacdoma, romlis mixedviTaceqsportirebuli produqciis TiToeullotSi dasaSvebiaproduqtis mTeli raodenobis mxolod 10% iseTiproduqtebisarseboba,romlebicarakmayofilebsxarisxisminimalurmoTxovnebs.xsenebuliarvrceldebaproduqtze,romlebiclpobisstadiaSia,angafuWebuliaimdoneze,rommoxmarebisTvisuvargisia;

4. produqtiswarmoSobisqveynisaRniSvnismoTxovna,romlisTanaxmad produqtze garkveviT da srulad unda iyosaRniSnuli produqtis warmoSobis qveyana. warmoSobisqveyana, produqtis daniSnulebis qveynis momxareblisTvisgasagebenazeundaiyosmiTiTebuli.

evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciisTanaxmad, xilisada bostneuliszogierTi saxeobaTavisufaliazogadimarketingulistandartebismoTxovnisgan.esenia:

• sokoebi,gardakultivirebulisokosi (CN� code 0709 59)• kapari(CN code 0709 90 �0)• mwarenuSi(CN code 0802 11 10)• naWuWianinuSi(CN code 0802 12)• naWuWianiTxili(CN code 0802 22)• naWuWianikakali(CN code 0802 �2)• miwisTxili(CN code 0802 90 50)• zafrana (CN code 0910 20)

� CN – kombinirebuli nomenklatura - evrokavSiris saimporto tarifis erTianistatistikuridasatarifonomenklatura.damatebiTiinformaciisTvisixileTev-rokavSiri-saqarTvelosbiznessabWos2008wlisbroSura“evrokavSirisbazarzeimportirebulisaqonlisdabegvrisTaviseburebani”www.eugbc.net.

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evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciismixedviT, specifikuri marketinguli standartebi miesadagebaSemdegproduqtebsdaindividualuriaTiToeulimaTganisTvis:

1. vaSli 6. msxali

2. citrusebi 7. marwyvi

3. kivi 8. tkbiliwiwaka

4. salaTa 9. sufrisyurZeni

5. atamidaneqtarini 10. pomidori

xilisa da bostneulis zemoT CamoTvlili aT saxeobas, asevemiesadageba SefuTvisa da etiketze aRniSvnebis specialuriwesebic.specifikurimarketingulistandartebiTviToeulizemoTCamoTvliliproduqtisTvismocemuliaevrokomisiis2008wlis5dekembris No1221/2008 regulaciispirvelidanarTisBnawilSi.

winamdebarepublikaciis momdevnoTavSi,magaliTissaxiT,aRwer-iliaspecifikurimarketingulistanadartebicitrusebisTvis.

specifikuri marketinguli standartebis mixedviT, produqtiunda akmayofilebdes xarisxis minimalur moTxovnebs, produqtiszomisspecialurmoTxovnebsdaunda iyos erTgvarovani. gardaamisa, TiToeuli produqti, romelic specifikuri marketingulistandartebismoTxovnebseqvemdebareba,samigansxvavebulixarisxisklasadiyofa:

• eqstra klass miekuTvneba umaRlesi xarisxis produqti,romelic garegnulad erTgvarovania, mxolod odnavizedapirulidefeqtebiT;

• pirveli klasis produqti aris kargi xarisxis, mxolodmciredefeqtebiT;

• meore klasis produqti normaluri xarisxis produqtia,romelsacSeiZlebagaaCndeserTianramdenimedefeqti.

yvelasaxisaxalixilidabostneuli,romelsacarmiesadagebaspecifikuri marketinguli standartebi, unda akmayofilebdesevrokavSiris kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil zogad marketingulstandartebs. Tu produqtis realizators SeuZlia daamtkicos,rom produqti Seesabameba gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis(UNECE)5 mierdadgenilmarketingulstandartebs,undaCaiTvalos,romigiakmayofilebszogadmarketingulstandartebs.

5 U��ed N��o�� Eco�o��c Co��o� �o�� E��o�e (UNECE) U��ed N��o�� Eco�o��c Co��o� �o�� E��o�e (UNECE) – gaeros erT-erTi regionulikomisiaa,romelicaerTianebsevrokavSiris,aRmosavleTdasamxreTevropis,dsT-sdaCrdiloeTamerikis56qveyanassaqarTvelosCaTvliT.mdgradiganviTarebisadaekonomikurikeTildReobisxelSewyobismizniT,UNECEwevriqveynebiTanamSrom-lobenekonomikursakiTxebSidaSeimuSevebensaerTaSorisonormebs,standartebsadarekomendaciebs,maTSorisaxalixilisadabostneulisseqtorisTvis.

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evrokavSiris bazarze moxvedramde, unda moxdes marketingulstandartebTan mesame qveynebSi warmoebuli axali xili dabostneulismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmeba.amgvariSemowmebaSeiZlebamoxdes:

• saeqsporto produqciis mier evrokavSiris sazRvrisgadakveTisadgilze,

• evrokavSiriswevriqveynebissabaJosawyobebSi,an• saeqsportoproduqciiswarmoSobis(mesame)qveyanaSi.

evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze axali xilisa dabostneulismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebasevrokavSiriswevriqveynissainpeqciisorganoaxorcielebs.amgvariSemowmeba unda moxdes SerCeviT, riskebis Sefasebis safuZvelze.riskebisSefasebiskriteriumebia:

• mesame qveynis kompetenturi sainspeqcio organos miergacemuli iseTi Sesabamisobis sertifikatis arseboba,romelis eqsportis ganxorcielebamde gacemac, mesameqveynis moTxovnis safuZvelze, evrokomisiis mier arisnebadarTuli;

• produqtissaxeoba,produqtiswarmoebisperiodi,produ-qtis fasi, SefuTvis da CatvirTvis operaciebi, Senaxvispirobebi,warmoSobisqveyana,transportirebissaSualebaantvirTismoculoba;

• eqsportioris poziciadareputaciabazarze, misi produ-qciismravalferovneba,saqonliswarmoSobisadgilianSen-axvis,daxarisxebisangayidvisasCatarebulisamuSaoebi;

• winaSemowmebisSedegebievrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportisas,aRmoCenili defeqtebis tipi da raodenoba, mowodebuliproduqciisxarisxidagamoyenebuliteqnikuriaRWurvilobisdone.

mesame qveynis eqsportiorma unda gaiTvaliswinos, romSesabamisobis Semowmebis aseT gzas, evrokavSiris SezRudulisainspeqcioresursebisgamo,TanaxlavssaeqsportoproduqciisevrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis punqtebSi dayovnebis daSesabamisadmisixarisxisdakargvisriski.

evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organo, evrokavSirSiimportis punqtSi axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingulstandartebTan Sesabamosobis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi gascemsSesabamisobis sertifikats,romlisformac mocemuliadanarTSi#1.saimportoproduqciisramodenimelotisSemTxvevaSiSeiZlebagaices erTi Sesabamisobis sertifikati, romelSic mkafiodaamiTiTebulisaimportoproduqciisSesabamisilotebi.

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evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze in-speqciis gavlis Semdeg, sabaJo samsaxuri axali xilsa da bost-neuls gaatarebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu tvirTs axlavs Se-sabamisobissertifikatianissainspeqcioorganosganinformire-bulia, rom mocemul tvirTs aseTi sertifikati miniWebuli aqvs.SesaZloaevrokavSiriswevriqveynissainspeqcioorganomCaTvalos,rom ar arsebobs produqciis marketingul standartebTan Seusa-bamobisriskidaproduqciisSesabamisilotebiarSeamowmos.aseTSemTxvevaSi, sainspeqcioorganosabaJosamsaxursugzavnis beWed-dasmuldeklaraciasanxsenebulisSesaxebacnobebssxvaformiT,rissafuZvelzecsabaJosamsaxursSeuZliagaatarosproduqciisSesabamisilotebi.

mesame qveynidan evrokavSiris bazarze importirebuli axalixilisadabostneulismarketingulstandartebTanSeusabamobisaRmoCenisSemTxvevaSi,evrokavSiriswevriqveynismakoordinirebe-lisamsaxuriamisSesaxebacnobebsevrokomisiasdaevrokavSiriswevri sxva qveynebis makoordinirebel samsaxurebs, romlebic aminformaciassakuTariqveynismasStabiTavrceleben.

evrokavSiriswevriqveynebissabaJosawyobebSiaxalixilisadabostneulismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebamxolodmaSinaaSesaZlebeliTusaqonlisevropelimportiorsSesabamisiuflebagaaCnia.

SesabamisobisSemowmebisaseTigza,rasakvirvelia,gamoricxavssaqonlisSeyovnebasevrokavSirissazRvrisgadakveTispunqtebSi,Tumca mesame qveynis eqsportiorebs, Sesabamisi uflebis mqoneevropelimportiorebTanmolaparakebebisasnakleb“Tavisuflebas”utovebs.

saeqsporto produqciis warmoSobis (mesame) qveyanaSi axalixilisadabostneulismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebisuflebasmesameqveyanasevrokomisiaaZlevs.AamisaTvismesame qveyanam TxovniT unda mimarTos evrokomisias. SesabamisnebarTvas evrokomisia gascems im SemTxvevaSi, Tu evrokavSirisbazrisTvis gankuTvnili mesame qveynis saeqsporto produqciaakmayofilebs evrokavSiris marketingul an mis analogiurstandartebs da Tu evrokavSirs Sesabamis mesame qveyanasTanvaWrobiskargigamocdilebagaaCnia.

eqsportis ganxorcielebamde, warmoSobis qveyanaSi axalixilisadabostneulismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebas is upiratesoba gaaCnia, rom minimumamdea dayvanilievrokavSirissazRvrisgadakveTispunqtebSisaqonlisSeyovnebisriskida mesame qveynis eqsportiorebiufroTavisuflebi arian

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evropeliimportiorebisSerCevisadamaTTanmolaparakebebisas.mesameqveynisTvis,misteritoriazeaxalixilisadabostneulis

marketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebazeTanxmobismicemisSemTxvevaSi,evrokomisiaadgensmesameqveyanisoficialursamsaxurs, romelic pasuximgebelobas aiRebs marketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebasadaxsenebulsakiTxTandakavSirebiT evrokavSirTan kontaqtzec, aseve mesame qveynissainspeqcio organoebs, romlebic uSualod ganaxorcielebenSesabamisobisSemowmebas.TanxmobagaicemamxolodSesabamismesameqveyanaSi warmoSobil produqciaze da SeiZleba vrceldebodesmxolodgarkveulisaxeobisproduqtebze.

mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebi unda iyvnen saxelmwifostruqturebi an oficialurad aRiarebuli saxelmwifo struq-turebismier.maTundagaaCndesmarketingulstandartebTanSesa-bamisobisSesamowmebladaucilebeligamocdileba,kadrebidate-qnikurisaSualebebi.imqveyanaTanusxa,romlebsacevrokomisiidanmiRebuliaqvTmaTteritoriazemarketingulstandartebTanSe-sabamisobisSemowmebisTanxmoba,evrokomisiis2007 wlis21dekem-bris No1580/2007 regulaciisme-4 danarTisAnawilSiamoyvanili,xoloamaveregulaciisme-4 danarTisBnawilSimocemuliain-formaciaammesameqveynebispasuxismgebeloficialursamsaxursadasainspeqcioorganoebisSesaxeb.sagulisxmoa,romsaqarTveloararisimmesameqveyanaTaCamonaTvalSi,romlebsacevrokomisii-danmiRebuliaqvTmaTteritoriazemarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebisTanxmoba.

mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebma. Sesabamisobis Semowme-bisSedegadundagascendanarTSi#1-Simocemuliaxalixilisada bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis ser-tifikati, an sxva formis sertifikati, romelic winaswar arisSeTanxmebulimesameqveyanasadaevrokavSirsSoris.saeqsportoproduqciisramodenimelotisSemTxvevaSiSeiZlebagaiceserTiSesabamisobissertifikati,romelSicmkafiodaamiTiTebulisaim-portoproduqciisSesabamisilotebi.SesabamisobissertifikatiSevsebuliundaiyosevrokavSiriserT-erToficialurenaze.ser-tifikatze aRiniSneba eqsportioris saxeli, sainspeqcio organo,inspeqciisadgili,tvirTisdaniSnulebisqveyanaanregioni,tvir-TistransportirebissaSualeba,SefuTvebisraodenoba,produqtistipi,saxeoba,klasi,tvirTismTlianiwona,sertifikatismoqmedebisvada,SemowmebisadgilidaTariRi,inspeqtorisxelmowera.

Sesabamisobis sertifikatze aRniSnuli unda iyos sityva“originali”.damatebiTiaslebissaWiroebisSemTxvevaSi,miTiTebuliunda iyos “asli”. evrokavSiris wevri qveyana sertifikatismxolod originals cnobs. sertifikati unda iyos 210 x 297 mm.

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zomis.dasaSvebiasertifikatissigrZisgadacdoma-8mm-iTmetian 5 mm-iTnaklebi. sertifikatisTvisgamoiyeneba mxolodTeTriqaRaldi,romliswonacarundaiyos40g/m²-zemcire.dauSvebeliasertifikatSi teqstis amoSla an masze zemodan axali teqstisgadawera.CasworebisaucileblobisSemTxvevaSiarasworiteqstiunda gadaixazos da mis nacvlad unda daematos swori teqsti.nebismieriaseTiCasworebasertifikatSidamowmebuliundaiqnassertifikatisgamcemiorganos mier.TiToeulsertifikatsundahqondes rigiTi nomeri, masze unda iyos dasmuli kompetenturiorganosbeWedidaundaiyosxelmoweriliuflebamosilipiris(pirebis)mier.sertifikatisgamcemmakompetenturmaorganomundadaitovossertifikatisasli.

Sesabamisobis sertifikati SeiZleba aseve gacemuli iqnaswinaswar damtkicebul eleqtronul formatSi, eleqtronulixelmoweriT.

evrokavSiriswevriqveynebi,evrokavSirissazRvrisgadakveTisadgilze damatebiT amowmeben evrokavSiris bazarze SesatanadgankuTvniliaxalixilisadabostneulisgarkveulnawils,raTamesameqveynissainspeqcioorganoebismiergacemulSesabamisobissertifikatSi mocemuli informaciis sisworeSi darwmundnen.damatebiTiSemowmebisTvisevrokavSiriswevrqveynebsmosakreblisdawesebisuflebacaqvT.

sertifikatSimocemuliinformaciissaeqsportoproduqciasTanSeusabamobis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, evrokavSiris wevri qveynissainspeqcio organo Sesabamisi makoordinirebeli samsaxuris6informirebas axdens. es samsaxuri ki, Tavis mxriv, informaciasevrokomisiasmiawvdis.

TugaCdaeWvi,mesameqveynissainspeqcioorganoebismiergacemulSesabamisobissertifikatisauTenturobasTanan masSi mocemuliinformaciis sisworesTan dakavSirebiT, evrokavSiris wevriqveynis kompetentursamsaxursufleba aqvs, saeWvosertifikatisSemdgomi (damatebiTi) Semowmeba moiTxovos. aseT SemTxvevaSisertifikati an misi asli mesame qveynis Sesabamis uwyebaSiigzavneba da damatebiTi informacia gamoiTxoveba. evrokomisiaSeZlebisdagvarad operatiulad unda iqnas informirebuliSesabamisobissertifikatisSemdgomiSemowmebismoTxovnisdaamSemowmebisSedegebisSesaxeb.

Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgomi Semowmebis moTxovnis

� evrokavSiris wevriTiToeuli qveynis mier gansazRvrulia erTi kompetenturisamsaxuri,romelickoordinaciasuwevsaxalixilisadabostneulismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobisSemowmebasdaamsakiTxTandakavSirebuliinforma-ciis miwodebas evrokomisiisTvis (magaliTad, gaerTianebul samefoSi – sursaTis standartebissaagento).makoordinirebelisamsaxuriSeiZlebaiyosasevesainspeq-cioorgano.

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SemTxvevaSi,Sesabamisiproduqciisimportiorsuflebaaqvsev-rokavSiris wevri qveynis kompetentur sainspeqcio organoebsTxovossaimportoproduqciismarketingulstandartebTanSe-sabamisobis Semowmeba evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adg-ilze.

saeqsportoproduqciisdaniSnulebisqveyanaSiSetanisnebarTvaargaiscema,TuaRmoCnda,romtvirTisdidinawiliarSeesabamebaSesabamisobissertifikatSimiTiTebulinformacias,anevrokavSiriswevriqveyniskompetenturisamsaxurimesameqveynidanvermiiRebsdamakmayofilebel pasuxs Sesabamisobis sertifikatis SemdgomSemowmebasTandakavSirebiT.aseTSemTxvevaSi,produqciaSeiZlebagataniliiqnasevrokavSirisfarglebsgareT,SeiZlebaganadgurdessabaJo samsaxuris TanxmobiT, an eqsportioris mier SeiZlebamiRebuliiqnasgadawyvetilebaproduqciismTlianimoculobisanmisinawilismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobaSimoyvanisSesaxeb.evrokavSirisbazarzeSesabamisobaSimoyvaniliproduqciisSesatanad, evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organoebmaTavidan unda Caataron Semowmeba da dadebiTi rezultatismiRebisSemTxvevaSigascenSesabamisobissertifikati.…bunebrivia,zemoxsenebuli procedurebis xarjebs Tavis Tavze eqsportioriiRebs.

mesame qveynis Sesabamisma pasuxismgebelma samsaxurmaevrokomisiasdrouladundamiawodosinformaciaimbeWdebisadaxelmowerebis,asevemaTSiganxorcielebulicvlilebebisSesaxeb,romlebsac mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebi Sesabamisobissertifikatis gacemisas gamoiyeneben. mesame qveynebidan miRebulinformacias evrokomisia dauyovnebliv ugzavnis evrokavSiriswevri qveynebis makoordinirebel struqturebs, romlebic Tavismxriv,evrokavSirisSesabamisiwevriqveynebissabaJosamsaxurebsayenebensaqmiskursSi.

evrokomisiasSeuZliagaauqmosmesameqveynisTvis,misterito-riaze axali xilis da bostneulis marketingul standartebTanSesabamisobis Semowmebaze micemuli Tanxmoba Tu aRmoCnda, romsaeqsportoproduqciismniSvnelovaninawiliarSeesabamebamesa-meqveynissainspeqcioorganoebismiergacemulSesabamisobisser-tifikatSiasaxulparametrebs,anTumesameqveynispasuxismgebelisamsaxuridan ver iqna miRebuli damakmayofilebeli reagirebaevrokomisiidan gagzavnil moTxovnaze, serTifikatis Semdgom Se-mowmebasTandakavSirebiT.

evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis makoordinirebelma samsaxurebmayovelkvartaluradundamiawodosevrokomisias,Sesabamisimesameqveynebis da am qveynebidan importirebuli produqciis SesaxebiseTiinformacia,rogoricaa:

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• importismTlianimoculoba;• evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze Semowmebuli

produqciisraodenoba;• improduqciisraodenoba,romelicarSeesabamebodamesame

qveynissainspeqcioorganoebismiergacemulSesabamisobissertifikatismonacemebs.

SemdgomigadamuSavebismizniT,mesameqveynebidanaxalixilisadabostneulisevrokavSirSieqsportisas,kompetenturmasainspeq-cioorganoebmaundagascensamrewvelogamoyenebissertifikati(ix,danarTiNo2).aseTSemTxvevaSiproduqciisSefuTvazeauci-lebladundaiyosetiketi,romelzecmkafiodiqnebamiTiTebuli:“gamiznuliagadamuSavebisTvis”. evrokavSiriswevriqveynissain-speqcio organo samrewvelo gamoyenebis sertifikatis asls ug-zavnisSesabamisgadamamuSavebelsawarmos,romelmacsainspeqcioorganosundadaudasturosaxalixilisadabostneulisgada-muSavebisprocesi.

evrokomisiis2008wlis5dekembris No1221/2008 regulaciisdanarTiNo 1-isBnawiliadgensxilisadabostneulisSefuTviswesebs,romle-bzecspecifikurimarketingulistandartebivrceldebadaromelTadacvaaucilebeliaproduqtisevrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportisTvis.axalixilisadabostneulisSefuTviswesebismixedviT:

• produqtisTiToeuliSefuTvaundaiyosgamZle;• SesafuTadgamoyenebulimasalaundaiyosaxali,sufTada

iseTixarisxis,racardaazianebsproduqts;• SefuTvaze Sesabamisi aRniSvnebis dasatanad dasaSvebia

etiketisanbeWdisgamoyeneba;• etiketi da beWedi unda iyos damzadebuli aratoqsikuri

melnisadawebosgan;• SefuTvadaculiundaiyosucxonivTierebebisgan;• produqtze miwebebuli individualuri stikerebi ar

undatovebdesweboskvalsdaarundaazianebdeskvebisproduqtiszedapirs.

specifikuri marketinguli standartebis mixedviT, TiToeulSefuTvazegarkveviT,mouSorebeliSriftiTundaiyosaRniSnuliSemdegiinformacia:

• eqsportioris saxeli da misamarTi, rac SeiZleba koduriaRniSvniT(Strix-kodiT)Seicvalos;

• produqtissaxeli,nairsaxeoba;• warmoSobisqveyana;• produqtisklasidazoma(ix.SemdegTavSi);• kontrolisoficialuriaRniSvna(arasavaldebuloa);

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gadamuSavebisTvisgankuTvnilixilisadabostneulistvirTzemiTiTebuli unda iyos “gankuTvnilia gadamuSavebisTvis”. aseTtvirTs evrokavSiris wevri qveyana aTavisuflebs specifikurimarketingulistandartebisdacvisMmoTxovnisgan.

5 kg-ze naklebi wonis sxvadasxva saxeobis (Sereuli) xilisada bostneulis SefuTva, unda Seicavdes erTgvarovani xarisxisproduqtebs. aseT SefuTvaSi Semavali TiToeuli dasaxelebisproduqtiundaakmayofilebdesSesabamismarketingulstandartebs.SefuTvasundaaxldessaTanadoetiketi.TuSefuTvaSiSemavaliproduqtebiswarmoSobisqveyanaerTzemetiaesmiTiTebuliundaiyosetiketzeSemdegnairad:

a) “evrokavSirSiwarmoSobilixilisadabostneulisnarevi”an

b) “evrokavSiris teritoriis gareT warmoSobili xilisa dabostneulisnarevi”an

g)“evrokavSirisadamesameqveynisteritoriazewarmoSobilixilisadabostneulisnarevi”.

3. specifikuri marketinguli standartebi citrusebisTvis

specifikurimarketingulistandartebi,winamdebarepublikaciaSi,citrusebismagaliTzeiqnebaganxiluli.specifikurimarketingu-listandartebicitrusebisTvisevrokomisiis2008wlis5dekembris No1221/2008 regulaciisdanarTiNo 1-isBnawilSia mocemulia.esstandartebi exebacitruss,romelic naturaluri (gadaumuSavebe-li)saxiTmiewodebamomxmarebels.citrusebsmiekuTvneba:

• sxvadasxvasaxeobislimoni,• sxvadasxva saxeobis mandarini, maT Soris klementini,

mandariniunSiudasxva,• sxvadasxvasaxeobisforToxali.

specifikurimarketingulistandartebiyvelasaxiscitrusisTvisSemdegkategoriebadiyofa:

1. xarisxis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviT yvelaklasiscitrusiundaiyos:• mTeli;

• dauJeJavi;

• saRi(gamoiricxebaproduqti,romeliclpobisangafuWebisstadiaSiadamoxmarebisTvisuvargisia);

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• sufTa(yovelgvariSesamCneviucxonivTierebisgareSe);

• mavneblebisgareSe;

• mavneblebismiergamowveulidazianebisgareSe;

• arundaiyosgamomSrali;

• yinvisandabalitemperaturisgandauzianebeli;

• uCveulogareganisinotivisgareSe;

• yovelgvariucxosunisangemosgareSe;

• citrusi frTxilad unda iyos mokrefili da undaiyos damakmayofileblad mwife, citrusis saxeobebiscalkeulikriteriumebis,mokrefisdroisadacitrusismoyvanisadgilisgaTvaliswinebiT;

• citrusis simwifis xarisxi iseTi unda iyos, romtransportirebasgauZlosdadaniSnulebisadgilamdedamakmayofilebelmdgomareobaSimiaRwios;

2. simwifismoTxovnebisTanaxmad,citrusissimwifisxarisxiganisazRvrebaTiToeulisaxeobisTvisdawesebuliSemdegiparametrebiT:• minimaluriwvnianobada

• Seferiloba, romlis mixedviTac citrusma, normaluridamwifebispirobebSi,saxeobisTvistipuriferitvirTisdaniSnulebisadgilzemiiRos.

limoni - minimaluri wvnianoba pirveli da bolo mosav-lisTvis(verdelisadaprimofioresTvis)20%-ia,danarCenimosavlebisTviski25%undaiyos.limonisSeferilobaundaiyos saxeobisTvis tipuri, Tumca dasaSvebia mwvane feris(ara muqi mwvane)limonic,Tu is akmayofilebs wvnianobismoTxovnebs.

mandarini – minimaluri wvnianoba mandarinisTvis garda klementinisa-33%-ia,xoloklementinisTvis40%undaiyos.mandariniszedapirissulmcireerTimesamediundaiyosSeferilisaxeobisTvisdamaxasiaTebeliferiT.

forToxali-wvnianobawiTelxorcianiforToxlisTvis-30%-ia,navelisjgufisforToxlisTvis-33%,xolosxvasaxeobisforToxlisTvis-35%undaiyos.Seferilobasa-xeobisTvistipuriundaiyos.dasaSvebiaRiamwvaneferisforToxalic,TuRiamwvaneSeferilobacitrusiszedapi-riserTmexuTedsaraRemateba.amavedros,TuforToxalimoyvaniliaiseTadgilebSi,sadachaerismaRalitemperatu-radatenianobaa,dasaSvebia,rommwvaneSeferilobacitru-siszedapiriserTmexuTedsaRematebodes,Tuisakmayofi-

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lebswvnianobisSemdgomminimalurmnoTxovnebs:• mosambi,saTgudidapacitanisaxeobebisaTvis-33%;• yvelasxvasaxeobebisaTvis-45%.

3. klasifikaciismixedviTcitrusebiiyofasamklasad:• “eqstra klass” miekuTvnebaumaRlesixarisxis produ-

qti.amklasiscitrusisforma,garegnulisaxe,simwifedaSeferilobaundaiyostipuricitrusiskonkretulisaxeobisadakomerciulikategoriisTvis.citruss,ro-meliceqstraklassmiekuTvneba,arundahqondesdefe-qtebi.dasaSvebiamxolododnavizedapirulidefeqte-bisarseboba,TuisinigaregnuladTiTqmisSeumCneveliadaproduqtisxarisxzegavlenasaraxdens;

• “pirveliklasis”citrusiariskargixarisxisproduqti,romelic tipuria citrusis konkretuli saxeobisa dakomerciulikategoriisTvis.dasaSvebia,mxolodmciresaxisdefeqtebisarseboba,Tuesproduqtisgaregnulsaxezedaxarisxzegavlenasaraxdens.amgvaridefeqtebia:

o formismciredefeqti;o Seferilobismcirewuni;o produqtiskanismciredefeqtebi,romlebicproduqtis

zrdisprocesssdevsTan,magaliTadnawiburebi;o mcire daJeJiloba, rac gamowveulia setyvisgan,

SefuTvisgandaa.S.;• “meoreklasis”produqtinormalurixarisxisproduqtia,

romelsac ver mivakuTvnebT citrusis ufro maRalklass, magram zemoT moyvanil minimalur moTxovnebsakmayofilebs. am klasis citruss SeiZleba hqondesgarkveulidefeqtebi,kerZod:

o formisdefeqti;o Seferilobiswuni;o uxeSikani;o produqtis kanis defeqtebi, romlebic produqtis

zrdisprocessaxlavs,magaliTadnawiburebi;o daJeJiloba, gamowveuli setyvisgan, SefuTvisgan da

a.S.o kaniszedapirulidazianebebi;o forToxlisperikarpisodnavidaSoreba.

4. zomis minimaluri moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis mini-maluridiametriundaiyos:• limonisTvis – 45 mm.;• mandarinisTvis, garda klementinisa – 45 mm.;

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• klementinisTvis – 35 mm.;• forToxlisTvis – 53 mm..

5. zomis erTgvarovnebis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, SefuTvaSimoTavsebulicitrusiTanabarizomisundaiyosdazomaTaqvemoTmocemuligradaciisfarglebSiundaeqceodes:

forToxali limoni mandarini

zomiskodi

diametri(mm)

zomiskodi

diametri(mm)

zomiskodi

diametri(mm)

0 92-110 0 79-90 1-XXX78dameti

1 87-100 1 72-83 1-XX 67-78

2 84-96 2 68-78 1an1-X 63-74

3 81-92 3 63-72 2 58-69

4 77-88 4 58-67 3 54-64

5 73-84 5 53-62 4 50-60

6 70-80 6 48-57 5 46-56

7 67-76 7 45-52 6(*) 43-52

8 64-73 7 41-48

9 62-70 8 39-46

10 60-68 9 37-44

11 58-66 10 35-42

12 56-63

13 53-60

*45mm-zenaklebizomamxolodklementinsexeba

dasaSvebia citrusis zomis erTgvarovnebis moTxovnidanmciredi gadacdoma, rac citrusis dafasoebis meTodzeadamokidebuli:• Tu citrusi TvliTaa dafasoebuli, citrusis zoma

SeiZleba eqceodes ori momijnave zomis kodisfarglebSi;

• fenebaddafasoebulicitrusisSemTxvevaSi,SefuTvaSi,erTidaigivezomiskodismqoneyvelazepataradadidi

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citrusiarundascdebodesqvemoTmoyvanilzomebs(eswesi vrceldebaTvliTCawyobilcitruszec,romelicorimomijnavezomiskodisfarglebSieqceva):

citrusissaxeoba

zomiskodi

erTSefuTvaSiCawyobilcitrusebsSoris

dasaSvebigansxvavebazomaSi(mm)

limoni 0-dan7-mde 7

mandarini1-XXX-4

5-dan6-mde7-dan10-mde

987

forToxali0-dan2-mde3-dan6-mde7-dan13-mde

1197

• TucitrusiararisdafasoebulifenebadangasayidadgamzadebulyuTebSi,maSinSefuTvaSiyvelazepataradadidicitrusi arundascdebodescitrusisSesabamiszomaTagradacias;

• gasayidad gamzadebuldrekad SefuTvaSi moTavsebuliyvelaze patara da didi citrusi ar unda scdebodessamimomijnavekodisfarglebs.

6. xarisxismoTxovnebisgangadacdomisTanaxmad:• “eqstraklasSi”dasaSvebia5%iseTicitrusisa,romelic

arakmayofilebsamklasismoTxovnebs,magramSeesabameba“pirveli klasis” moTxovnebs. gamonaklisSemTxvevebSi(ix.qvemoT),asevemisaRebiaiseTiproduqtebi,romlebic“pirveliklasis”gadacdomisfarglebSixvdeba;

• “pirvel klasSi” dasaSvebia 10% iseTi citrusisa,romelicarakmayofilebsamklasismoTxovnebs,magramSeesabameba“meoreklasis”moTxovnebs,anxvdeba“meoreklasis”gadacdomisfarglebSi;

• “meoreklasSi”dasaSvebia10%iseTicitrusisa,romelicarakmayofilebsarcamklasismoTxovnebsdaarcminim-alurmoTxovnebs.eswesiarvrceldebaiseTcitrusze,romeliclpobisstadiaSiaanimdonezeadazianebuli,rom moxmarebisTvis uvargisia. am klasSi aseve dasaS-vebia5%iseTicitrusisa,romelsacaReniSnebazedapi-rulidazianeba,damskdariangamomSralia.

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7. zomis moTxovnebisgan gadacdomis Tanaxmad, dasaSvebia10% iseTi produqtisa, romelic zemoT moyvanil zomismoTxovnebzedabaliaanmaTaRemateba.nebismierSemTxvevaSies wesi ar vrceldeba citrusze, romlis zomac SemdegminimalurmoTxovnebzedabalia:• limoni – 43 mm.;• mandarini, garda klementinisa – 43 mm.;• klementini – 34 mm.;• forToxali – 50 mm.;

8. wardgenismoTxovnebisTanaxmad:• citrusis TiToeuli SefuTva unda iyos erTgvarovani,

undaSeicavdesmxoloderTnairiwarmoSobis,saxeobis,tipis,xarisxis,zomisdasimwifisdonisproduqts.“eqs-traklasis”citrusisSemTxvevaSi,citrusisSeferilo-bac erTgvarovani unda iyos. SefuTvis momxmareblis-Tvisxilulinawili,SefuTvismTlianiSemadgenlobismaCvenebeliundaiyos;

• citrusisSesafuTadgamoiyeneba:o axali da sufTa masala, romelic produqts aseve

saTanadodicavsdazianebisgan.savaWromonacemebisaRsaniSnad,dasaSvebiaqaRaldisdabeWdisgamoyeneba,Tu es aRniSvna aratoqsikuri melniT an weboTikeTdeba;

o TucitrusisaTiTaodaagaxveuli,amisaTvisTxeli,mSrali,axalidausunoqaRaldigamoiyeneba;

o dauSvebeliaiseTinivTierebebisgamoyeneba,romlebiccitrusis bunebriv Semadgenlobas, gansakuTrebiTgemosadasunsSecvlis;

o SefuTvaSi ar unda iyo raime saxis ucxo sagani.Tumca, dasaSvebia mcire zomis totis (foTlebiT)gamoyeneba;

o produqtzedamagrebulistikerebimoxsnisSemdgomarundatovebdesweboskvalsdaarundagamoiwvioscitrusiskanisdazianeba;

• citrusiSeiZlebawardgeniliiqnas:o fenebadSefuTuli;

o Cayrili sxvadasxva saxistaraSi. mxolod pirvelidameoreklasisproduqtisTvis;

o momxmareblisTvis misayidad gamzadebul maqsimum 5kg-ianyuTebSi(rogorcTvliT,asevesufTawoniT).

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9. SefuTvis aRniSvnis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusisTiToeulyuTzedatanilundaiqnas:• SemfuTavisda/anmimwodeblissaxelidamisamarTi.es

SeiZlebaSeicvalosStrixkodiT;

• citrusissaxeli,saxeoba,tipi.limonisSemTxvevaSi,sad-acsaWiroaundaaRiniSnos“verdeli”da“promofiore”.klementinisSemTxvevaSi,sadacsaWiroaundaaRiniSnos“ukurkoklementini”an“kurkianiklementini”;

• citrusiswarmoSobisqveyana.SesaZleblobisSemTxvevaSiregionismiTiTebiT;

• komerciuli monacemebi: klasi, citrusis zomis kodi,gamoyenebuli qimiuri nivTierebebi (aseTis gamoyenebisSemTxvevaSi);

• kontrolisoficialuriaRniSvna(arasavaldebuloa).

4. janmrTelobis da fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa da mcenareul produqtebze

janmrTelobis da fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsada mcenareulproduqtebze mocemuliaevrokavSirissabWos2000wlis8maisisNo2000/29direqtivaSi.fitosanitarulimoTxovnebivrceldebaaxalxilsadabostneulzecdamaTidacvaaucilebeliamesame qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportirebisas.aRniSnulidireqtivisTanaxmad,zogierTmcenaresadamcenareulproduqts,maTSoriszogierTaxalxilsada bostneuls, evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisas unda axldesmesameqveyniskompetenturiuwyebismiergacemuli„fitosanitarulisertifikati“an„fitosanitarulisertifikatire-eqsportisaTvis“(evrokavSirisfitosanitarulisertifikatebisformebimocemuliadanarTSiNo �).

evrokomisiauflebamosilia,evrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportisT-vis gankuTvnil produqciasTan dakavSirebiT, mesame qveynebisgangamoiTxovosinformaciaamqveynebSimoqmedisanitarulidafito-sanitarulikanomdeblobis,kontrolismeqanizmebisadariskebisSefasebisSesaxeb.ammizniT,evrokomisia,Cveulebriv,ukavSirdebaevrokavSirSiSesabamisimesameqveyniswarmomadgenlobasdamis-gan miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze uSualod mesame qveynisSesabamiskompetentursamsaxurebsmimarTavs.

immcenareebis,mcenareuliproduqtebisdamavneorganizmebissxva potenciuri matareblebis CamonaTvali,romelTacfitosani-

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taruli sertifikati sWirdebaT, mocemulia evrokavSiris sabWos2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis mexuTe danarTSi. sa-qarTvelodanevrokavSirisbazarzeaxalixilisadabostneuliseqsportiors,fitosanitarulisertifikatiSemdegimcenareebisdamcenareuliproduqtebiseqsportisassWirdeba:

• citrusis (Citrus L.), iaponuri zRmartlis (Fortunella Sw��gle), trifoliatas(Poncirus R��) saxeobebisa damaTihibridebisganmiRebulixilifoTlebiTdayunwebiT;

• oxraxuSis(Apium graveolens L.) darehanis(Ocimum L.)saxeobebismwvanili;

• citrusis (Citrus L.,) iaponurizRmartlis (Fortunella Sw��gle), trifoliatas(Poncirus R��) damaTihibridebis,aseveinduriindurikitris (Momordica L.) da badrijnis (Solanum melongena L.) saxeobebisnayofebi;

• anonas[pau-paus]( Annona L.), komSis(Cydonia M�ll.), aRmosavleTis xurmis (Diospyros L.), vaSlis (Malus M�ll.,) mangos (Mangifera L.), pasifloras [grenadili] (Passiflora L.), qliavis (Prunus L.), guavas (Psidium L.), msxlis (Pyrus L.), mocxaris (Ribes L.), mixakisxis (Syzygium G�e��.) da mocvis (Vaccinium L.), saxeobebisxili,romelicmoyvaniliaevrokavSiris farglebs gareT;evrokavSirisfarglebsgareT;

• bardis(Dolichos J�cq.), magniferas (Magnifera ��.), Warxlis (Beta vulgaris L) da lobios(Phaseolus vulgaris) saxeobebis marcvlebi;

• bambis(Gossypium ��) saxeobebis marcvlebi da bamba;marcvlebidabamba;• vazis(Vitis L.) saxeobebidanmiRebuliyurZeni.

fitosanitaruli sertifikati unda adasturebdes, rom mesameqveynidan evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis gankuTvniliproduqciaararisevrokavSirismierakrZalulimavneblebisdamcenareulidaavadebebismatarebeli.mavneblebisdamcenareulidaavadebebis CamonaTvali, romelTa evrokavSiris teritoriazeSetana da gavrceleba akrZalulia, evrokavSiris sabWos 2000wlis8maisisNo2000/29direqtivispirveldameoredanarTebSiamocemuli.

fitosanitarul sertifikats gascems mesame qveynis samsaxuri,romelsacfitosanitarulisertifikatisgacemisuflebamosilebaerovnulikanonmdeblobiTdamcenarisdacvissaerTaSorisokon-venciis7debulebebisSesabamisadaqvsminiWebuli.fitosanitaru-lisertifikatievrokavSirismier,mcenarisdacvissaerTaSorisokonvenciissafuZvelzeSemuSavebulformasundaSeesabamebodes.

7 mcenarisdacvissaerTaSorisokonvencia-serTaSorisoxelSekrulebamcenare-TajanmrTelobisSesaxeb.xelSekruleba1952wlidanarsebobsdauzrunvelyofsmcenareTadacvasmavneblebiswarmoqnisadagavrcelebisgan.xsenebulkonvenciassaqarTvelo2007 welsSeuerTda.

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fitosanitarulisertifikatievrokavSirisromelimeoficialurenazeundaiyosSedgenilidaundagaicessaeqsportoproduqciismesameqveynisteritoriisdatovebamdearaumetes14 dRiTadre.

evrokavSiris fitosanitaruli moTxovnebisgan mesame qveyniseqsportiori Tavisufldeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mcenareTas da/anmcenareuli produqtebis evrokavSiris teritoriaze Setanas araxlavsmavneorganizmebisgavrcelebissaSiSroeba.kerZod,Tu:

• mcenareebida/anmcenareuliproduqtebimxolodgadakveTenevrokavSiristeritorias;

• mcenareebisda/an mcenareuliproduqtebis mxolodmcireraodenobiseqsportixdebaarasawarmooanarakomerciulidaniSnulebiT;

• mcenareebisda/anmcenareuliproduqtebiseqsportixdebasamecnierodaniSnulebiTanmcenarissaxeobaTaSesarCevisamuSaosTvis;

• eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili mcenareebi da/an mcenareuliproduqtebi moyvanilia mesame qveynisa da evrokavSirisuSualosasazRvrozonaSi.

evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili axalixilisadabostneulisSesabamisobaevrokavSirisfitosanitarulmoTxovnebTanmowmdebaevrokavSirissazRvrisgadakveTisadgilze.evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivaiTvaliswinebs mcenaris da mcenareuli produqtis dokumentur,saidentifikacio da mcenaris janmrTelobis laboratoriulSemowmebas.dokumenturiSemowmebagulisxmobstvirTisTanmxlebifitosanitaruli sertifikatis Semowmebas, akmayofilebs Tu arasertifikatievrokavSirisstandartebs.tvirTisidentificirebiTdasturdeba,SeesabamebaTuaratvirTisertifikatSimiTiTebulmcenareebs an mcenareul produqtebs. aseve aucileblad xdebatvirTis nawilis an mTliani tvirTis evrokavSiris bazarzeSetanisadgilzefizikuriSemowmebac,racmcenarisjanmrTelobisdasadgenadsinjebisaRebasgulisxmobs.

mcenarisdamcenareuliproduqtisdokumentur,saidentifika-ciodajanmrTelobisfizikurSemowmebasevrokavSirSiSesvlisadgilze axorcielebs evrokavSiris wevri qveynis kompetenturiuwyebaansabaJosamsaxuri.kompetenturiuwyebaSeiZlebaiyosev-rokavSiriswevriqveynismcenarisdacvisorganizacia(ebi),ansxvasaxelmwifostruqtura.saidentifikaciodamcenarisjanmrTelo-bisSemowmeba,gardaevrokavSirissazRvrisgadakveTisadgilisa,aseveSeiZlebaganxorcieldes evrokavSiriswevri qveynis kompe-tenturiuwyebisadasabaJosamsaxurismiergansazRvrulrome-limesxvaadgilze,romelicsazRvarTanaxlosaaganlagebuli.

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evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgili SeiZleba iyosaeroporti,sazRvaoporti,rkinigzisdasaavtomobilosasazRvropunqti. evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi, evrokomisias, rogorc wesi,winaswarawvdianinformaciasmaTisazRvrisgadakveTispunqtebisadgilmdebareobisSesaxeb.

evrokavSirissabWos 2000wlis 8 maisisNo 2000/29direqtivismexuTedanarTisBnawilSiCamoTvlilimcenareebisdamcenareuliproduqtebisevrokavSirisbazarzeimportisas,evrokavSiriswevriqveynebismoTxovniTimportiorievrokavSirisSesabamisqveyanaSiundaiyosregistrirebuli.Sesabamisad,mesameqveyniseqsportiormaevrokavSirissabaJozeundawaradginosimportioris(mcenareebisda/an mcenareuli produqtebis myidvelis) evrokavSiris wevrqveyanaSiregistraciisnomeri.

mavneblebisdamcenareulidaavadebebisaRmoCenisSemTxvevaSi,importiori, mesame qveynis momwodebels mosTxovs damatebiTinformacias,produqciispirveladiwarmoebisdamosavlisaRebisSemdgomproduqciismovlisSesaxeb.TuSemowmebisSedegadaRmoCnda,rom evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili mesameqveyanaSiwarmoebuliaxalixilidabostneuliarakmayofilebsevrokavSiris fitosanitarul moTxovnebs, tvirTi evrokavSirisbazarzeardaiSveba.imSemTxvevaSi,TueqsportisTvisgankuTvniliaxali xili da bostneuli janmrTelobisTvis didi safrTxisSemcvelia, tvirTi evrokavSiris bazarze Sesvlis adgilzeveganadgurdeba, tvirTi ganadgurebis xarjebi ki eqsportiorsdaekisreba.

mcenareebis da mcenareuli produqtebis, maT Soris axalixilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris teritoriaze Sesvlis Sem-deg,fitosanitarulisertifikatiSeicvlebamcenarispasportiT.mcenarispasportiarisevrokavSiriswevriqveynisSesabamisisam-saxurismiergacemulietiketi,romelicproduqciisevrokavSirismcenarisjanmrTelobisstandartebTanSesabamisobasadasturebs.xsenebuli dokumenti aucilebelia mcenareebis da mcenareuliproduqtebisevrokavSirisbazrisSigniTgadasaadgileblad.

evrokomisiis2004 wlis11oqtombrisNo 175�/200� regulaciismixedviT, mesame qveynebidan importirebuli im mcenareebis damcenareuliproduqtebisjanmrTeloba,romelTacevrokavSirisfitosanitaruli moTxovnebis dakmayofileba moeTxovebaT,SesaZloa gamartivebuli wesiTac Semowmdes. amisaTvis,evrokavSiris wevri qveyana TxovniT mimarTavs evrokomisias,importirebuli tvirTis gamartivebuli wesiT SemowmebisSesaxeb.evrokomisiaamgvargadawyvetilebasRebulobsSemdegikriteriumebissafuZvelze:

• Tu ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, yovelwliurad,

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evrokavSiris bazarze, mocemuli mcenaris an mcenareuliproduqtissaSualod200partiisimportixdeba;

• TuukanasknelisamiwlisganmavlobaSimocemulimcenarisdamcenareuliproduqtissulmcire600partiisinspeqciaganxorcielda;

• Tuproduqciispartiebisraodenoba,romelSicAmavneblebiaRmoCnda,mTeliwlisganmavlobaSiimportirebulimocemulimcenaris da mcenareuli produqtis mTliani raodenobis1%-zenaklebsSeadgens;

aRniSnulikriteriumebissafuZvelze,evrokomisiaaqveynebsimmcenareTadamcenareulproduqtTasias,romelTajanmrTelobisdasadgenadtvirTismxolodgarkveulinawilisSemowmebacsak-marisia. evrokomisia ganaaxlebs amgvar sias, perioduli Sefase-bebisadadarRvevebisSesaxebmiRebuliSetyobinebebissafuZvel-ze.amJamad,mcenarisjanmrTelobisgamartivebuliSemowmebisTvisrekomendirebulia52mcenaredamcenareuliproduqti,maTSorisTurqeTidaneqsportirebulicitrusebic.

evrokomisiis2004 wlis7 oqtombrisNo�00�/�03 direqtivaaseveiTvaliswinebsmcenarisjanmrTelobisSemowmebisSesaZleblobastvirTis “daniSnulebis adgilze”, inspeqciis ukeT CatarebismizniT.amgvariSemowmebaxorcieldebaevrokavSiriswevriqveyniskompetenturi uwyebis TanxmobiT, rasac eqsportiori winaswarmoipovebsSemdegipirobebisdakmayofilebisSemTxvevaSi:

• eqsportirebuliproduqciada/anproduqciisgadasatanadgamoyenebuli transporti kargadaa daluquli dagamoricxuliainfeqciisgavrcelebissaSiSroebaproduqciisdaniSnulebisadgilzegadatanisas;

• tvirTi gadatanili unda iqnes evrokavSiris kompetenturuwyebasTanwinaswarSeTanxmebuladgilze;

• tvirTsundaaxldes“mcenarisjanmrTelobisgadaadgilebisdokumenti”, romelsac eqsportiori avsebs evrokavSirisromelime oficialur enaze, evrokavSiris wevri qveyniskompetenturi uwyebis warmomadgenlis zedamxedvelobisqveS. “mcenarisjanmrTelobis gadaadgilebis dokumentis”nimuSi mocemuliadanarTSi#3.

produqcia gadatanili unda iqnes “mcenaris janmrTelobisgadaadgilebisdokumentze”miTiTebuladgilze.saTanadoinspeq-ciisSemdeg moxdeba aRniSnulidokumentisdamowmeba,romelsaceqsportiori sabaJo samsaxurs warudgens sabaJo procedurebisoficialuradgasaformeblad.

mcenarisdacvissaerTaSorisokonvenciazedayrdnobiT,evroka-vSirmaSeimuSavakanonmdebloba,romelicaregulirebskideverTfitosanitarulmoTxovnas-vaWrobisdrosSesafuTadxismasa-

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lisgamoyenebas,rasacSeiZlebaaxldesevrokavSirSimavneblebisSetanisa da gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. xisgan damzadebuli yuTi,doli,CasatvirTificari,romliszomacsiganeSi6mm-zemetia,ev-rokavSirSidaiSvebaTu:

• TermuladaadamuSavebuli56°C-ze30wuTisganmavlobaSianfumigirebulia(dezinficirebulia)meTil-bromidiT;

• xisyuTsaqvsISPM��8beWedi,romelzecaRniSnuliamcenarisdacvissaerTaSorisokonvenciislogo,warmoSobisqveynisabreviatura,mwarmoebelidaxismasalisdamuSavebistipi.

aRniSnulimoTxovnebiarmoqmedebsSesafuTadgamoyenebuliseTxismasalaze,romelicwebos,gacxelebisadawnevisgamoyenebiTaadamuSavebuli, magaliTad firficari. evrokavSiris inspeqtorebiSemowmebisas ISPM��beWedsSeamowmebeneqportisTvisgankuTvnilxis masaliT SefuTul tvirTze. sxva saxis sertifikati xismasalisgandamzadebulitvirTisevrokavSirSiSetanisassaWiroararis.

ISPM�� beWdis gamoyenebis nebarTvas gascems mesame qveynisSesabamisisaxelmwifouwyebadaisasegamoiyureba:

5. evrokavSiris moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa da higienaze

bolowlebisganmavlobaSi,evrokavSirma,sursaTisuvneblobisadahigienisSesaxebmTelirigisakanonmdebloaqtebiSeimuSava.amsakiTxisadmievrokavSiriskompleqsurimidgomamoicavssursaTis,maTSorisaxalixilisadabostneulis,warmoebisyvelaetapsdaaspeqts,iseTisakiTxebisCaTvliT,rogoricaasakvebisdamabinZu-reblebi,pesticidebi,sursaTisSefuTvadaetiketireba,kvebisaxaliproduqtebidagenmodificirebuliorganizmebi.amkanonmdeblobaSimocemulimoTxovnebivrceldebarogorcevrokavSirSiwarmoebul,aseveevrokavSirisbazarzeimportirebulproduqtebzedaamdenad,isinimesameqveynebiseqsportiorebisTvisacsayuradReboa.

sursaTis uvneblobis principebis dacvas da evrokavSirisSesabamisi kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebas uzrunvelyofs evropissursaTis uvneblobis samsaxuri. evropis sursaTis uvneblobissamsaxuris daniSnulebaa evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobisgaumjobeseba da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacva. samsaxuri

8 ISPM15 – mcenaris dacvis saerTasoriso konvenciis mier SemuSavebuli saerTa-SorisofitosanitarulibeWediSesafuTadgamoyenebulixismasalisTvis.

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mudmivad axorcielebs sursaTis uvneblobis, asevecxovelTadamcenareTa janmrTelobis riskis Sefasebebs. riskis SefasebissafuZvelze, evropis sursaTisuvneblobis samsaxuriSeimuSavebsdaevrokomisiasawvdismecnierulrekomendaciebs,racSemdgomSievrokavSirissursaTisuvneblobiskanonmdeblobaSiaisaxeba.

aRsaniSnavia,romevrokavSirissabWosadaevroparlamentis2002wlis28ianvrisNo 178/2002regulaciismixedviT,sursaTisuvneblo-bazepasuxismgeblobaevrokavSirSisursaTisimportiorsekisreba.TuimportiorssafuZvlianieWviaqvs,rommismierevrokavSirSiSetaniliproduqciaarakmayofilebssursaTisuvneblobisstan-dartebs,mandauyovneblivundaamoiRossaeWvosaqonelibazridandaamisSesaxebacnobosevrokavSirisSesabamisiwevriqveyniskom-petenturuwyebebs.imSemTxvevaSi,TuproduqtmaukvemiaRwiamomxma-reblamde,distributormamomxmarebelssaTanadoinformaciaundamiawodosproduqciisbazridanamoRebisTaobaze.

evroparlamentisadaevrokavSirissabWos2002wlis28ianvrisNo 178/2002 regulaciis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris bazarze saqonlisSetanisas importiorma sursaTis warmoebis, gadamuSavebisda distribuciis yvela etapze unda uzrunvelyos da undadaamtkicos,rommismierimportisTvisgamzadebulisursaTiararismavnebelidaevrokavSirissursaTisuvneblobismoTxovnebsakmayofilebs.mavnebelisursaTismikvlevadobisuzrunvelsayofad,sursaTisimპortiorivaldebulia,flobdesinformaciasrogorcimportisTvis gankuTvnili sursaTis warmoSobis, aseve sursaTismwarmoeblisSesaxeb.zemoTaRniSnuliregulaciisme-18muxlisTanaxmad, evrokavSiris bazarze sursaTis Setanisas, imortiormaevrokavSiris wevri qveynis kompetentur uwyebas, saWiroebisSemTxvevaSi,Semdegiinformaciaundawarudginos:

• mesame qveynis mimwodeblis saxeli da misamarTi,produqtiswarmoSobisqveyanadatranzaqciisTariRi;

• produqciismoculobadaxarisxi,produqciisdetaluriaRwerilobadarigiTinomeri;

evroparlamentisadaevrokavSirissabWos2004 wlis29aprilisNo 852/200� regulaciaawesebshigieniszogadmoTxovnebs,romlebicsursaTismwarmoeblebmaundadaakmayofilon.sursaTismwarmoe-belivaldebulia:

• daicvassursaTihaerisgan,niadagisgan,wylisgan,sasuqis-gan,cxovelebis, mavneblebisdasxvaSesaZlofaqtore-bisgangamowveulidabinZurebisgan;

• sursaTs ganaridos dabinZurebis safrTxis SemcvelinivTierebebi;

• daicvassursaTiswarmoebisTvisgamoyenebuliaRWurvi-

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lobis, manqana-danadgarebisadasatransportosaSual-ebebissisufTave;

• uzrunvelyos sursaTis higienurad warmoeba, trans-portirebadaSenaxva;

• sursaTisdabinZurebisTavidanasacilebladgamoiyenossasmeliansufTawyali;

• uzrunvelyossursaTiswarmoebisprocesSimonawileper-sonalisjanmrTelobisdamakmayofilebelimdgomareoba;

• gaiTvaliswinos mcenaris gamokvlevebis Sedegebi, rom-lebicmniSvnelovaniaadamianisadacxovelisjanmrTe-lobisTvis;

• kanoniTa dadgenil farglebSi gamoiyenos mcenarisdasacaviproduqtebidabiocidebi;

• aRwerosmismiergatarebuliprevenciulizomebi,gan-sakuTrebiT mavneblebisa da daavadebebis gavrcelebisan janmrTelobisTvis mniSvnelovani Semowmebebis Cat-arebis dros mcenaris dasacavi produqtebisa da bio-cidebisgamoyenebisSemTxvevaSi.

axali xilida bostneuli, iseve rogorc sxva saxis sursaTi,SeiZleba aRmoCndes mikrobiologiuri dabinZurebis safrTxiswinaSe.safrTxesZiriTadadwarmoadgensoripaTogenuribaqteria– salmoneladalisteria.amgvarisafrTxisTavidanasacilebladevrokavSiriawesebssursaTismikrobilogiurmoTxovnebs,romlebicmesameqveynidanimportirebulproduqciazecvrceldeba.

sursaTismikrobilogiurimoTxovnebimocemuliaevrokomisi-is 2005 wlis 15 noembris No 207�/2005 regulaciaSi. regulaci-is pirveli danarTi adgens specifikuri mikrobebis limitebssakvebissxvadasxvakategoriisTvis,maTSorisaxalixilisadabostneulisgarkveulisaxeobebisTvis.salmonelasgavrceleb-issafrTxesTandakavSirebiT,regulaciaSiaRsaniSnavia“ayvave-buli Teslis” da sakvebad gamzadebuli “daWrili xilisa dabostneulis”kategoriebi.aseTisursaTisarcerTierTeuliarunda Seicavdes salmonelas. oficialuriSemowmebisTvisundamoxdes 25 gr. sinjis 5 erTeulad aReba. salmonelas TundacsinjiserTerTeulSiaRmoCenisSemTxvevaSiproduqtiarundaiqnasdaSvebulibazarze.

listeriis SemTxvevaSi, sayuradReboa regulaciaSi mocemu-lisursaTisSemdegikategoria“saWmeladgamzadebulisakvebi,romelicxelsuwyobslisteriismonocitogeniszrdas,gardabavSvis sakvebisa da samedicino daniSnulebis produqtebisa”.baqteriisdasaSvebiraodenobadasinjisaRebismoTxovnalis-teriozisTvisac igiveada igi produqtisjer kidev mwarmoeb-

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lis kontrolis qveS yofnis etapze xorcieldeba. produqtisbazarzeSetanisSemdegsinjiundagakeTdes1gr.raodenobiT5 erTeulad. TiToeul erTeulSi dasaSvebia mxolod 100 c��/g(mikroorganizmebis koloniis Semqmneli erTeuli/gramze)koloniis Semqmneli erTeuli/gramze)9 baq-teriisarseboba.

evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi valdebulni arian, uzrunvelyonaxalixilisadabostneulisTvisdawesebulimikrobiologiurikriteriumebisdacvadamaTimonitoringi,maTSorisimportire-bulproduqciaze.evrokavSiriswevriTiToeuliqveynisSesabami-sikompetenturiuwyebaaxdensamkriteriumebismixedviTsakvebiproduqtebis Semowmebas rogorc evrokavSiris bazarze maT Se-tanamde,asevebazarzemoxvedrisSemdeg.kriteriumebisdarRvevisSemTxvevaSi,importisTvisgankuTvnilisakvebiproduqtievrokav-SirisbazarzeardaiSvebadaevrokavSiriswevrisaxelmwifoamisSesaxebevrokomisiasacnobebs.TuimportiukveganxorcieldadamavnebelmaproduqciammomxmareblamdemiaRwia,mavnebeliproduq-ciabazridanamoRebulundaiqnasdaeqsportiorsekisrebamomx-mareblissaTanadodinformirebisvaldebuleba.

evrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportirebulisursaTiaseveundaak-mayofilebdessursaTisdamabinZurebelinivTierebebisSesaxebev-rokavSiris kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebs. sursaTis “dabinZureba”ganisazRvreba,rogorcbiologiuri,qimiurianfizikuriucxoniv-Tierebisarseboba,romelicararismizanSewonilisursaTisTvis,miuxedavadimisasazianoaisTuaracxovelisanadamianisjan-mrTelobisTvis da garemosTvis. sursaTSi damabinZurebeli niv-Tierebarogorcmisiwarmoebisadamarketingissxvadasxvaetapze,asevegaremosdabinZurebisSedegadacSeiZlebaaRmoCndes.

evrokomisiis 2006 wlis 19 dekembris No 1881/200� regulaciaadgens garkveuli damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis SemcvelobiszRvruldoneskvebisproduqtebisTvis,maTSorisaxalixilisadabostneulisTvis:

• nitratisSemcvelobaispanaxsadasalaTaSi;• sxvadasxva mikotoqsinis Semcveloba TxilebSi, mSral

xilSi,burRuleulSidasxva;• metalebis Semcveloba xilSi, bostneulSi, kenkraSi da

sxva;• �- meTil-ciklo-propenis(3-MCPD)Semcveloba

hidrolizebulmcenareulcilebSidasxva.

aRniSnulimoTxovnebisdacvamkacradkontroldebaevrokavSirisbazarzesursaTiseqsportisas.evrokavSirissazRvrisgadakveTisadgilze produqcias utardeba SerCeviTi laboratoriuli

9 http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/controls/foodfeed/sampling_testing.pdf

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Semowmeba da darRvevebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi evrokavSirisSesabamisiuwyebebieqsportsSeaCereben.

evroparlamentisadaevrokavSirissabWos2005wlis23TebervlisNo �9�/2005 regulaciadaamregulaciazedayrdnobiTSemuSაvabulievrokomisiis Sesabamisi direqtivebi, aregulireben sursaTSidasaSvebi pesticidebis gamoyenebas. pesticidi aris biologiurinivTiereba,romelicgamoiyenebasakvebis,adamianisjanmrTelobisada garemosTvis saziano mavneblebis gasanadgureblad an maTikontrolisTvis.aseTimavneblebia:mRrRnelebi,mwerebi,sokoebidamcenareebi. maT sawinaaRmdegod SeiZleba mxolod oficialuraddaSvebulipesticidebisgamoyeneba.

evrokavSirissabWos1978wlis21dekembrisNo 79/117 direqtivismixedviT,akrZaluliaSemdegipesticidebisgamoyeneba:A.dariSxanisnaerTebi:

• vercxliswylisoqsidi;• vercxliswylisqloridi(kalomeli);• vercxliswylisSemcvelisxvaaraorganulinaerTebi;• vercxliswylistuteebisSemcvelinaerTebi;• alkoqsialkilebidavercxliswylisarilebisSemcveli

naerTebi.B.aradegradirebadiqlororganulinivTierebebi:

• aldrini;• qlordani;• dieldrini;• ddt(diqloro-difenil-triqloreTani); • endrini;• heqsaqlorani,romelicSeicavs99%-zenaklebgamaizomers;• heptaqlorani;• heqsaqlorbenzeni;

C.sxvanaerTebi:• eTilenisoqsidi;• nitrofeni;• 1,2-dibromeTani;• 1,2-diqloreTani;• dinosebi(ZmarmJavadaCveulebrivimarilebi);• binapakrili;• kaptafoli;• dikofoli(romelicSeicavs78%-zenaklebdikofolsan

1g/kg-zemetddt-s);• maleinismJavishidrazidi(gardaqolinis,fosforisda

sodismarilebisa);• qolinis,fosforisdasodismarilebi,romlebicSeicaven

1mg/kg-zemethidrazins;

30


• qintozeni,romelicSeicavs1mg/kg-zemetheqsaqlorbenzensan10g/kg-zemetpentaqlorbenzens.

evrokavSiri adgens pesticidebis dasaSveb raodenobas kvebisproduqtebisTvis. narCenis zRvruli raodenoba (MRL�� – M�x�� Re��d�e Level��)arispesticidiskoncentraciismaqsimaluriraodenobasursaTSi, romelic gansazRvrulia individualuri nayofis/pesticidis kombinaciisTvis. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSirissabWos 2005 wlis 23 Tebervlis No �9�/2005 regulacia awesebsnarCenis zRvrul dones 600 substanciisTvis, rac dawvrilebiTmocemuliaevrokavSirispesticidebismonacemTabazaSi10.

axalixilisadabostneulisevrokavSirisbazarzeeqsportio-rebmaundauzrunvelyon,romeqsportisTvisgankuTvnilsursaTSipesticidebisraodenobaaraRematebodesevrokavSirismierdawese-bulpesticidebisnarCeniszRvrulraodenobas.evrokavSirSiSesv-lisadgilzeCatarebuliSerCeviTiSemowmebisSedegadaRmoCenilidarRvevebisSemTxvevaSi,tvirTievrokavSirisbazarzeardaiSveba.eqsportiorebma aseve Tvalyuri unda adevnon narCenis zRvruliraodenobiscvlilebas,raTaevrokavSirisaxalimoTxovnebidrou-lad(eqsportisganxorcielebamde)iqnesgaTvaliswinebuli.

sursaTisuvneblobisSesaxebevrokavSiriskanonmdeblobaasevearegulirebs sursaTSi sakvebidanamatebisdasaSvebraodenobas.“sakvebidanamati”,evrokavSirissabWos1988wlis21dekembrisNo 89/107 direqtivismixedviTganisazRvreba,rogorc“nebismieriniv-Tiereba,romelicarmoixmarebarogorcsakvebidaarwarmoadgenssakvebis maxasiaTebel ingredients, romlis sakvebSi gamiznuladgamoyenebac teqnologiuri daniSnulebiT warmoebis, gadamuSaveb-is,momzadebis,damuSavebis,SefuTvis,transportirebisanSenaxvisdrosgamoiwvevsmisgadaqcevasamsakvebiskomponentad”.

aRniSnulidireqtiviTdaSvebuliasakvebidanamtebismxolodSemdegikategoriebisgamoyeneba:

• feri;• konservanti;• anti-oqsidanti;• emulgatori;• maril-emulgatori;• gamaTxelebeli;• JelenivTiereba;• Stabilizatori;• gemosgamaumjobesebeli;• mJava;• mJavisregulatori;

10 http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm.

3�


• gamocxobissawinaaRmdegonivTiereba;• modificirebulisaxamebeli;• damatkbobeli;• gasafuebelinivTiereba;• aqafebissawinaaRmdegonivTiereba;• moWiqvisnivTiereba;• fqvilisdasamuSavebelinivTiereba;• gamamyarebelinivTiereba;• higroskopulinivTiereba;• seqvestranti (�);• fermenti (�) (5);• Semavsebeli;• samoZraodaSesafuTiairi;• asaqafebelinivTiereba.

sakvebidanamatebisumetesobisgamoyenebamxolodSezRuduliraodenobiTaadaSvebuligarkveulisasursaToproduqtebisTvis.sakvebiszogierTidanamatisTvisararisdawesebulimaqsimalurizRvari, Tumca maTi gamoyeneba unda moxdes saTanado sawarmoopraqtikis Sesabamisad, iseTi raodenobiT, rac aucilebeliakonkretuli miznis misaRwevad da rac ar iwvevs momxmareblisSecdomaSiSeyvanas.sakvebidanamati,aseTisSemcvelobisSemTxvevaSi,miTiTebuliundaiyossursaTisetiketze.

3�


danarTi #1

axalixilisadabostneulismarketingulstandartebTanSesabamisobissertifikatisforma

33


danarTi #2

axalixilisadabostneulissamrewvelogamoyenebissertifikatisforma

3�


danarTi #3

fitosanitarulisertifikatisforma

3�


fitosanitarulisertifikatisformareeqsportisTvis

3�


danarTi #4

mcenarisgadaadgilebisdokumenti

3�


danarTi #5

publikaciaSigamoyenebulievrokavSirissakanonmdeblodokumentebi

1. evrokavSirissabWos 2007 wlis 22oqtombrisNo 12��/2007 regulacia;

2. evrokomisiis 2007 wlis 21 dekembris No 1580/2007 regulacia;

3. evrokomisiis2008wlis5dekembris No1221/2008 regulacia;4. evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29

direqtiva;5. evrokomisiis2004 wlis7 oqtombrisNo 200�/10� direqtiva;6. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2002 wlis 28

ianvrisNo 178/2002 regulacia;7. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2004 wlis 29

aprilisNo 852/200� regulacia;8. evrokomisiis2005wlis15noembrisNo 207�/2005 regulacia;9. evrokomisiis 2006 wlis 19 dekembris No 1881/200�

regulacia;10. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2005 wlis 23

TebervlisNo �9�/2005 regulacia;11. evrokavSiris sabWos 1978 wlis 21 dekembris No 79/117

direqtiva;12. evrokavSiris sabWos 1988 wlis 21 dekembris No 89/107

direqtiva.

38


Summary

Export of frESh fruitS and VEgEtablES from third CountriES to thE EuropEan union markEt

1. forward

Present publication describes the requirements for export of Fresh Fruits andVegetablestotheEuropeanUnionmarket.AccessingtheEUmarketbythirdcountryexportersofFreshFruitsandVegetablesrequirescompliancewithregulationsdesignedby the EU to ensure food safety and plant health within the EU. The EU also setsmarketing standards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables which are also applicable forimports from third countries (includingGeorgia). In addition to the strict regulatoryframework,exportersofFreshFruitsandVegetablesshouldbeawareofcertificationandinspectionrulesatthepointofentryintotheEU.

TheEUlegislationdefinestwomainfoodcategories:foodofanimaloriginandnon-animal origin. All agricultural products including Fresh Fruits and Vegetablesbelongtothelatter.FreshFruitsandVegetablesincludefreshfruits,vegetables,herbs,sprouts,mushroomsaswellasprecutreadytoeatfruitsandvegetables.Foodofnon-animaloriginisentitledtolessstrict importrulesintheEUthanthefoodofanimalorigin.While thirdcountryexportersofproductsof animaloriginneed toacquireaspecialimportsapprovalfromtheEU(andneedanadjunctiontothelistofthirdcountryenterprises,whichareallowedtoexportfoodofanimalorigintotheEUmarket)thisruledoesn’tapplytotheexportersoftheproductsofnon-animalorigin.However,thirdcountryexportersofFreshFruitsandVegetablesstillmustcomplywiththerelevantEUlegislation,whichisprovidedinthepresentpublication.

2. markEting StandardS for frESh fruitS and VEgEtablES

The EU sets general and specific marketing standards for Fresh Fruits andVegetables,whicharelaiddownintheEuropeanCommissionRegulationNo��/�008of � December �008. According to the EU marketing standards, Fresh Fruits andVegetablesareallowedontheEUmarket,iftheproductsaresound,ofmarketqualityand if the country of origin is marked on the product. Marketing standards specifythe quality, classification, size, packaging, storing, transporting, presentation andlabelingrequirementsoftheproducts.Thepurposeofmarketingstandardsistoinformconsumersaboutthequalityoftheproductanditsorigin.GeneralmarketingstandardsareprovidedinAnnexAoftheEuropeanCommissionRegulationNo��/�008of�

3�


December�008.GeneralmarketingstandardsdetermineminimumqualityrequirementsforFreshFruitsandVegetables,alsominimummaturityrequirements,tolerancetothoserequirementsandarequirementtomarktheoriginofproduce.

InordertoensurethatFreshFruitsandVegetablesexportsfromthirdcountriesmeet the EU marketing standards, exporters are required to have a Certificate ofConformity. Certificate of Conformity indicates that the exported products complywith the EU marketing standards. Certificate of Conformity can be acquired by thethirdcountryexporterseitherintheexportingcountryoratthepointofentryintotheEuropean Union. Inspection bodies of the EU Member States carry out conformitychecksofconsignmentsofFreshFruitsandVegetableswiththeinformationprovidedintheCertificateofConformity.RelevantcertificationandinspectionproceduresaredescribedinthesecondchapterofthepublicationandmodelCertificateofConformitycanbefoundintheAnnex.

3. SpECifiC markEting StandardS for CitruS fruit

According to theCommissionRegulationNo��/�008of �December�008,Specificmarketing standardsapplyonly to the following�0products: apples, citrusfruit, kiwifruit, lettuces, peaches and nectarines, pears, strawberries, sweet peppers,tablegrapesandtomatoes.ThirdchapterofthispublicationprovidesinformationonthespecificmarketingstandardsforcitrusfruitswhichisoneofthemajorexportproductsinGeorgia.

Specificmarketingstandardsforcitrusfruitapplytovarietiesoflemons,mandarinsandoranges.Specificmarketingstandardsforcitrusfruitconsistofminimumqualityrequirements,maturityrequirementsdefinedbycolouring and minimum juice content,colouring and minimum juice content,andminimumjuicecontent,classification,sizing,presentation,andprovisionsconcerningmarkingoftheproduce.

4. Sanitary and phytoSanitary mEaSurES for plantS and phytoSanitary mEaSurES for plantS and mEaSurES for plantS and plant produCtS

TheEUhasdevelopedasetofsanitaryandphytosanitarymeasureswhichensurehumanandplanthealthwithintheEuropeanUnion.TheserequirementsarelaiddownintheCouncilDirectiveNo�000/��ofMay8�000.TheEUphytosanitary measureshytosanitary measuresmeasuresalsoapplytocertainplantproductsincludingsomefruitsandvegetables.ThirdcountryexportersarerequiredtoprovideaPhytosanitaryCertificateatthepointofentryintotheEuropeanUnion.Therefore,itisessentialforthirdcountryexportersofFreshFruitsandVegetablestocomplywithEU’ssanitaryandphytosanitarymeasuresforplantsandplantproducts.

PhytosanitaryCertificatemustbeissuedbythecompetentauthorityinthethirdcountryandmustconfirmthattheexportedagriculturalproductsarenotcontaminatedwith harmful chemical contaminants or micro-organisms, which can cause harm to

�0


humanor plant health andwhich are capableof carryingplant diseases.ThemodelPhytosanitaryCertificatesareprovidedintheannexofthepresentpublication.

ConformitychecksforphytosanitaryrequirementsforplantsandplantproductsarecarriedoutbytheinspectionbodiesoftheEUMemberStatesatpointofentryintotheEuropeanUnion.CouncilDirectiveNo�000/��ofMay8,�000stipulatesphysical,documentaryandidentitychecksofconsignmentsofplantsandplantproducts.IftheinspectiondetectsharmfulorganismsorplantdiseasestheexporterswillberefusedtoentertheEU.Insomecasestheharmfulplantandplantproductconsignmentsmaybedestroyedattheplaceofinspection.

5. food SafEty and hygiEnE rEquirEmEntS of thE EuropEan union

ExportsofFreshFruitsandVegetablestotheEUmarketissubjecttostrictcheckofcompliancewithregardtoEUfoodsafetyandhygienerequirements,suchasrestrictionsoncertainfoodadditives,pesticideresiduesandchemicalcontaminants.MemberStatesoftheEuropeanUniondecidewheretocarryouttheofficialchecksandrandomtesting-atpointofentry,distributionorretailsale.

The EU food safety legislation is built on the Regulation of the Council andParliamentNo��8/�00�ofJanuary��,�00�,whichstipulatesthatallimportedfoodshall comply with EU food safety standards. Under this regulation, food businessoperator(i.e.importer)isresponsiblefortraceabilityofthefoodexportedtotheEU,whichmeansthattheimportershouldbeabletoprovideallnecessaryinformationabouttheprimaryproductionandpostharvesthandlingoftheproduceinordertosatisfyEUfoodsafetyrequirements.Iftheimporterhasareasonableconcernaboutthequalityofthe food imported in theEUthe importershould informrelevantauthoritiesand thefoodmustbewithdrawnfromtheEUmarket.

Last chapter of this publication provides general hygiene requirements forprimaryproductionof food,whichare alsoapplicable togrowingandharvestingoffruitsandvegetables.ThischapteralsodescribesrelevantEUrulesonmicrobiologicalcontamination,chemicalcontaminants,pesticidesapprovedforuseintheEUandthosewhicharebanned,alsoharmonisedMaximumResidueLevels(MRLs)forpesticidesandfoodadditives.

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Tbilisi 2010


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