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Safety in Tanker

Loading & Unloadingand SPM Operations

S. S. SAWANT

IOCL (PL)

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approx 45,000 DWT

Handysize

VLCCSuezmax

Handymax Panamax

ULCC

TYPES OF OIL TANKERS (SIZE)

20,000 - 30,000 DWT approx 79,000 DWT

between 120,000 160,000 DWT between 160,000 - 320,000 DWT Over 320,000 DWT

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LOADING/UNLOADING AT JETTY

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LOADING / UNLOADING THROUGH

SHIP TO SHIP LIGHTERAGE (STS)

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SPM SYSTEM

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SPM SYSTEM

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A SINGLE POINT MOORING (SPM) IS A COMPLETE SELFCONTAINED OFFSHORE MARINE TERMINAL, WHICH

PROVIDES THE FACILITY OF MOORING AND

TRANSFERRING OF CARGO OF TANKERS.

SPM MOORS A TANKER TO A SINGLE POINT AND ALLOW

THE VESSEL TO WEATHERVANE ABOUT THAT POINT.

PROVIDES DIRECT TRANSFER OF CARGO WITHOUT PORT

FACILITY.

IT IS ANCHORED TO

SEABED AND IS

CONNECTED TO SUBSEA

PIPELINE THROUGH

SUBSEA HOSES.

UNLOADING RATE VARIESFROM 2K TO 12K m3/HR.

SINGLE POINT MOORING (SPM)

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SINGLE POINT MOORING (SPM)

MARINE HOSES CRITICAL LINK BETWEEN TANKER, SBM, AND OFFSHORE

PIPELINE FOR DISCHARGING CARGO

CAN WITHSTAND SEVERE WEATHER CONDITIONS

A NUMBER OF HOSES JOINED TOGETHER IS TERMED AS

HOSE STRING

C d Oil U l di f T k

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Crude Oil Unloading from Tanker

through SPM System

CRUDE OIL TANKER

FLOATING HOSE STRINGS

UNDERBUOY HOSE STRINGS

PIPELINE END MANIFOLD

OFFSHORE / ONSHORE PIPELINE

SHORE TANKAGES

SPM SYSTEM

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SPM SYSTEM

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SAFETY IN SBM OPERATIONS

PRE-TANKER BERTHING CHECKS

Inspection of mooring hawsers - check for any visible damage,

ensure sound health

Inspection of floating hoses check for any damage, loose flangebolts, leakage / breakage and ensure they are streaming freely.

Inspection of underbuoy hoses- integrity & configuration

Check all valves in SPM on deck, in central chamber, subsea

valves and functioning of hydraulic control unit

Ensure that all hatches on SPM deck are closed tightly.

Ensure that SPM turntable is rotating freely.

Check for mooring hawsers and hose pick up arrangements andensure that there is no entanglement or fouling of mooring gears.

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BOARDING THE TANKER

Confirm from the tanker that the pilot ladder or gangway is secured

properly before boarding.

Before boarding the tanker it should be ensured that shipspersonnel

is standby at the boarding point on the tanker.

Life jackets should always be put on while boarding or disembarking

from a tanker. or during any tranfer of personnel form one vessel to

another.

SAFETY IN TANKER / SBM OPERATIONS

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S.No.

Description

Yes

No

N/A

1

Are SMOKING regulations being observed?

2

Are GALLEY requirements being observed?

3

Are NAKED LIGHT regulations being observed?

4 Are electrical cables to portable equipment disconnected from power?

5 Are the ships main transmitting aerial switches off?

6 Are hand torches of an approved type?

7 Are portable VHF/UHF transceiver sets of approved design?

8 Are all external doors and ports in the amidship accommodation closed?

9Are all doors and ports in the aft accommodation, which are required to be closed in fact

closed?

10 Are ventilators suitably trimmed with regard to prevailing wind conditions?

11

Are unsafe air conditioning intakes closed?

12

Are window type air conditioning units disconnected?

13

Is the Ship securely moored and agreement reached on use of tug for pull-backoperation?

14 Are cargo/bunker hoses in good condition?

15 Are cargo/bunker hoses properly rigged?

16 Are unused cargo/bunker connections blanked?

17 Is the stern discharge line (if fitted) blanked?

18 Is sea and overboard discharge valves (when not in use) closed and lashed?

19 Are scuppers effectively plugged?

20

Is the agreed ship/shore communication on Ch 12 and 07 working?

21

Are all cargo/bunker tank lids closed?

22 Is the agreed tank venting system being used?

23 Are fire hoses and equipment ready for use?

24 Is Ship Emergency Fire Control Plan located externally?

25 Are emergency towing wired correctly positioned?

26

Is the ship ready to move under its own power?

27Is round-the-clock watch being maintained by the Ship on the SPM, its floating hoses

and at the manifold?

28 Have the procedures for cargo and ballast handling agreed?

29 Has the emergency shutdown procedure been agreed?

30

Is there provision for emergency escape possibility?

31 Are sufficient personnel onboard and ashore to deal with an emergency?

32 Have measures been taken to ensure sufficient Pump Room ventilation?

33 Is the Inert Gas system fully operational and in good working order?

34Are all persons for cargo operations aware that in case of failure of IG system, dischargeoperations are to cease and Terminal to be advised?

35Have the fixed and portable oxygen analyzers been calibrated and are they working

properly?

36

Is the pre-arrival COW checklist, as contained in the approved COW manual,satisfactorily completed?

37Is the COW checklist for use before, during and after COW, as contained in the

approved COW Manual available and agreed to be used?

Ship/Shore Safety Check LIST

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Safety During Loading / Unloading

The following checks are mandatory prior to start and

during cargo unloading / loading operation:

Ship is securely moored to the berth.

Ship is having a valid ISPS (International Ship and Port

Security) certificate and log is maintained for all persons

boarding alighting from the vessel.

No naked flames / light is in use anywhere during cargo

operation.

Smoking is done in specified designated areas only.

All electrical connection and transmissions are secured /

switched off.

Hand torches / VHF communication sets are fire safe.

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Safety During Loading / Unloading

Cargo and Bunker hoses are in good condition and properlyrigged.

All unused valves / connections are closed or blanked.

Communication system between ship and shore is working

and understood. Ensure hot work is prohibited during cargo, ballast, tank

cleaning, gas free operations.

All cargo / bunker lids are closed.

Fire hoses and equipment are ready for use.

Ships Emergency Fire control plan is located externally and

at an accessible place.

Emergency Towing wires correctly positioned at Forward and

Aft.

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Safety During Loading / Unloading

Time required for the vessel to move under her own power.

Cargo and berth planning during heavy rain and storm.

Effective watch on the deck, ER, Pump room, Shore etc. to

meet any eventuality.

Cargo and Ballast handling procedure.

Inert Gas system is fully operational.

Effective ventilation in all enclosed spaces especially in the

pump room.

Fixed and portable oxygen / HC analyzer in use before entry

into enclosed spaces.

Crude Oil Washing procedure is agreed and understood by

all concerned.

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CARGO TRANSFER

Pumping should begin slowly at first until it has been

verified that oil is reaching the designated tanks and that

the whole system is operating satisfactorily.

The hose strings and the area around the SPM buoy

should be inspected from the mooring launch for any

leakage.

When it has been firmly established that the total system

is operating correctly, the pumping rate may be

increased.

SAFETY IN TANKER / SBM OPERATIONS

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10 O CLOCK

11 O CLOCK

09 O CLOCK

01 O CLOCK

02 O CLOCK

12 O CLOCK

03 O CLOCK

MONITORING OF SPM POSITION

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CARGO TRANSFER

Keep a constant watch on the prevailing weather conditions and

weather forecast reports. Wind criteria normally is 30 knots, stop

loading/discharging at 35 knots, disconnect hoses at 40 Knotsand cast off from the terminal beyond that.

Hoses may get trapped under the ships bulbous bow and even

be pushed further down in adverse weather condition if one is not

careful. Ships hull has barnacles / hard marine growth which can

spear/cut the hoses and cause pollutions.

Keep a tug boat ready with divers to clear the hoses if required,

SAFETY IN TANKER / SBM OPERATIONS

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CARGO TRANSFER

Load on the mooring hawsers is to be regularly monitored and to

keep load on both hawsers nearly equal.

Pull back operation through pull back tug is to be monitored

round-the-clock especially during rough / choppy weather and

during change of tide.

SAFETY IN TANKER / SBM OPERATIONS

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TANKER PUL BACK OPERATION

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Tanker / SPM operations need constant vigil,monitoring and supervision with closecoordination of all concerned groups / stakeholders

Main objectives is to ensure timely availabilityof crude oil to refineries, arrange for smooth

tanker berthing & discharge operations, withsafety as paramount.

Effective coordination would ensure safe &efficient operations.

Safety in Tanker and SPM operations

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Thank you

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OFFSHORE SYSTEM

Codes and Standards:

American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) - Rules for building andclassifying SPMs

Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) Standards

BS8010 and DNV-submarine pipeline

ANSI B 31.4Liquid petroleum transportation piping system

API 1104-Welding of pipes & related facilities

AP1110- Pressure testing of liquid petroleum pipelines

API 111-Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance ofOffshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines

OISD 135-Inspection of loading and unloading hoses for

petroleum products &139 Inspection of pipelines Offshore