16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Biomedical Imaging of the Future Alvin T. Yeh Department of...

16 November 2004 Biomedical ImagingBMEN

Biomedical Imaging of the Future

Alvin T. Yeh

Department of Biomedical Engineering

Texas A&M University


Patient management and clinical care

• Qualitative observations

• Physical examinations

• Quality care Physician experience/expertise


Biomedical Imaging

• Extension of physician’s ability to observe

• Qualitative– morphological / structural– magnification– allow minimally invasive observations

• Clinical imaging standardsX-ray (CT), Ultrasound, MRI

biopsy (pathology)


Biomedical Imaging

• Existing Technologies

• Emerging Technologies

• Imaging in Early Detection

• Imaging in Therapy

• Informatics

• Education / Training

Image Guided Interventions

Maximize information content

Data management, analysis, interpretation


Existing Technologies

• Tissue / Organ Level

X-ray (CT), Ultrasound, MRI

radionuclide imaging (PET)– low information content

• (Sub)Cellular Level

Histology biopsy

Electron microscopy



• Technical advancements (tissue / organ level)– spatial and temporal resolution– image acquisition time– detectors– contrast

• Higher information content– functional, more specific

• fundamental understanding of disease• provide diagnosis more specific to development, selection,

evaluation of therapy



• Higher information content (cont’)– develop improved contrast enhancement

agents / probes• physiological processes

– dynamic

• Multi-modal imaging / combinatorial techniques

• Non-invasive

normal

disease


Emerging Technologies• Imaging at the Tissue / Organ Level

snapshots of organs or tissues over time– radionuclide imaging (PET)– fMRI, CT

• (Sub)cellular Level

anatomy, cell structure, histopathology of living tissue– Optical imaging

• fluorescence• optical probes / labels


Emerging Technologies

• Bioluminescence– real time monitoring in living animals

• tracking and monitoring infectious diseases / cancer metastasis

• drug delivery, efficacy – toxicology screening

– changing biologic experimental paradigm


Emerging Technologies

• High information content at high resolution– functionality / structure—function– vital indicators

• gene expression• ion concentration• metabolism• membrane potential

• Non-invasive, intravital imaging– serial biopsies


Molecular Imaging

• Imaging at the Molecular Level– cell function– metabolism– gene expression– drug and vector development / delivery– in vivo protein interactions– disease specific tracers and probes

• Molecular Probes / Contrast Agents


Molecular Imaging

• Develop molecular probes & contrast agents– links imaging modality with specific biological

processes

• Image specific molecular targets– capitalize on mapping of human genome

• Drug development– monitor drug delivery, validation & efficacy,

effects on biological target


Imaging for Early Detection of Disease

• Clinical Standards– PET, fMRI neurological disease– MRI cardiac function imaging

contrast enhanced imaging for breast and other cancers

– 3-D Ultrasound breast cancer

prenatal exams

heart function


Imaging for Early Detection of Disease

• Develop more specific imaging– fundamental understanding of disease– pinpoint signifying events in disease onset– genetic imaging / origin of disease

• Quantification of imaging– define biologic characteristics / parameters– standardization for comparison– monitor therapy & disease progression


Imaging in Therapy

• Exploit multiple (complementary) imaging modalities– diagnosis– position of lesion in 3-D– real time monitoring

• Image Guided Interventions

• Surgical computer aided design

• Distance Medicine


Image Guided Interventions

Use of real time images for guidance, navigation and orientation to reach a specific target for a minimally invasive patient encounter.


Image Guided Interventions• locate targets seamlessly across spatial scales• intra-operative, real time, 3-D image-guided navigation

for moving / deformable tissues / organs• full array of anatomical, molecular, functional imaging• multimodal image guidance w/ cellular resolution• trajectory planning using image guidance• plan, guide, affect, monitor treatment

Northwestern University


Image Guided Interventions• less invasive• efficient• assurance of procedure outcome

• cost• may add unnecessary complexity• images over interpreted unnecessary

procedures / over-diagnosis

fewer complicationsless normal tissue damage


Informatics

• collection and processing of imaging data for research / medicine

• manage large databases of patient information extract information


Informatics

• Methods for image analysis and segmentation

• Reconstruction methods– continuous across large spatial scales

3-D

4-D

• Coherent assemblage of massive amounts of data readily interpretable picture


Education and Training

• Multidisciplinary– chemistry, physics, (molecular) biology,

pharmacology, medicine, biomedical engineering, bioinformatics, radiology…

– principles of medical imaging, probe targeting /development, tracer methodologies, normal physiology, process of disease



• History: major advances in medical technology fundamental discoveries in basic sciences

• Biomedical Engineer – link various disciplines – navigate intellectual landscape

• Know something about everything – be an expert in something



• improve health– promoting fundamental discoveries, design and

development– translation and assessment of technological

capabilities in biomedical imaging and bioengineering

• translate fundamental or crosscutting discoveries and developments in information science, physics, chemistry, mathematics, materials science, computer sciences

16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Biomedical Imaging of the Future Alvin T. Yeh Department of...

Documents

Transcript of 16 November 2004Biomedical Imaging BMEN Biomedical Imaging of the Future Alvin T. Yeh Department of...