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Transcript of 15 Table of Contents 15 Chapter 15: Classification of Matter 15.1: Composition of MatterComposition...
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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
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Chapter 15: Classification of Matter
15.1: Composition of Matter
15.2: Properties of Matter
Unit 4: The Nature of Matter
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• All substances are built from atoms. • element – Pure Substance- all the atoms in a
have the same identity
• Examples: ?
Elements15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
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• About 90 elements are found on Earth.
• More than 20 others have been made in laboratories, but most of these are unstable and exist only for short periods of time.
Elements15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
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• Examples?
Compounds15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
• Compound- two or more elements combine to form substances (has a specific chemical composition)
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Compounds15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
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• A mixture- Material made up of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means.
• Examples?
Mixtures15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
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Heterogeneous Mixtures15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
• heterogeneous mixture -A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily
• Examples?
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Heterogeneous Mixtures15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
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Homogeneous Mixtures15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
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Homogeneous Mixtures15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
• Homogeneous mixture two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout.
• Examples?
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Homogeneous Mixtures15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
• Solution –• (AKA- homogeneous mixture) • Particles cannot be seen with a microscope • Will never settle to the bottom of their
container.
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Colloids 15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
• colloid -Mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions but not heavy enough to settle out.
• Not homogeneous or heterogeneous• Examples?
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Detecting Colloids 15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
• Tyndall effect- scattering of light by colloidal particles
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Suspensions 15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
• suspension, which is a heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which visible particles settle.
• Examples?
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Suspensions 15.115.1Composition of MatterComposition of Matter
• The table summarizes the properties of different types of mixtures.
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15.115.1Section CheckSection Check
Question 1
A. colloidB. mixtureC. substanceD. solution
A _______ is a type of matter with a fixed composition.
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15.115.1Section CheckSection Check
Answer
The answer is C. A substance can be either an element or a compound.
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15.115.1Section CheckSection Check
Question 2
A. 5B. 10C. 30D. 90
How many elements are found on Earth?
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15.115.1Section CheckSection Check
Answer
The answer is D. About 90 elements are found on Earth, and more than 20 have been made in laboratories.
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15.115.1Section CheckSection Check
Question 3
How are compounds different from mixtures?
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15.115.1Section CheckSection Check
Answer
The atoms in compounds are combined in fixed proportions and cannot be separated by physical means. A mixture is made of two or more substances that can be easily separated by physical means.
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Physical Properties
• physical property - characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the material.
• Examples: color, shape, size, density, melting point, and boiling point.
• Item Examples:
Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
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Behavior 15.215.2
Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
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Physical Change 15.215.2
Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
• physical change -A change in size, shape, or state of matter.
The Identity Remains the Same
• Examples?
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15.215.2Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
The Identity Remains the Same
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15.215.2Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
Using Physical Change to Separate
• Distillation- Separating substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor
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15.215.2Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
Distillation
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15.215.2Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
Chemical Properties and Changes
• chemical property- characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change.
• Examples?
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15.215.2Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
• If you leave a pan of chili cooking unattended on the stove for too long, your nose soon tells you that something is wrong.
Detecting Chemical Change
• This burnt odor is a clue telling you that a new substance has formed.
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15.215.2Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
• chemical change - A change from one substance to another
The Identity Changes
• Indications of chemical change: • Odor• Temperature Change• Formation of gas/solid• Color
Click image to view movie
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15.215.2Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
The Conservation of Mass
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15.215.2Properties of MatterProperties of Matter
• no mass is lost during a chemical or physical reaction.
The Conservation of Mass
• Law of conservation of mass, the mass of all substances equal the mass of all the substances that remain after the change.
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15.215.2Section CheckSection Check
Question 1
A. boiling pointB. densityC. flammabilityD. melting point
Which of the following is a chemical property?
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15.215.2Section CheckSection Check
Answer
The answer is C. Flammability indicates whether a substance will undergo the chemical change of burning.
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15.215.2Section CheckSection Check
Question 2
A characteristic of a material that can be observed without changing the identity of the substances that make up the material is a _______.
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15.215.2Section CheckSection Check
Answer
The answer is physical property. Examples of physical properties include color, shape, and density.
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15.215.2Section CheckSection Check
Question 3
What is the law of conservation of mass?
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15.215.2Section CheckSection Check
Answer
According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of all substances that are present before a chemical change equals the mass of all substances that remain after the change.
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End of Chapter Summary File