STATES OF MATTERBy: Emily Hess

Topics •States of matter•Classification and Properties of matter•Behavior of molecules of matter•Cycles associated with states of matter

WHAT IS MATTERMatter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Even though matter can be found all over the universe, you usually find it in just a few forms.

Matter is constantly changing.

PROPERTIES OF MATTERPhysical properties-The measurement of mass and other characteristics that can be seen without changing how that object looks.

Mass, color, shape, volume,density, texture, smell etc. are examples of physicalproperties.

PROPERTIES OF MATTERChemical properties-These are properties that can

only be observed by changing the identity of the substance.

Electronegativity, pH, toxicity, reactivity against other substances etc. are examples of chemical properties.

TEMPERATURETemperature affects all states of matter. Which state of matter an object is in depends on the temperature.

Atoms in every object that we see or handle can exist in different states depending upon temperature.

THE FIVE STATES OF MATTER

SOLIDLIQUIDGASPLASMABOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

SOLIDSParticles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating

around in a fixed positionHave definite shape and volumePhysical characteristics: Atoms do not move

around very much

LIQUIDSParticles are tightly packed, but are far

enough apart to slide over one another.Characteristics of liquids: 1)confined to, not

determined by, the container it fills. 2) difficult /almost impossible to compress.

Have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.

GASESGas molecules have little interaction with

each other beyond occasionally bumping into one another.

Gases expand to fill their containers, and have an undefined shape.

PLASMAPlasmas are hot, ionized gases, formed under

conditions of extremely high energy, so that molecules are ripped apart and only free atoms exist.

Plasmas behave differently than gases, representing a fourth state of matter.

BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) only happens at super low temperatures.

Scientists have figured out a way to get a temperature only a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero (-273.15 degrees Celsius).

BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATEWhen you get to a temperature this cold,

something special happens. Atoms begin to clump. The result of this clumping is the BEC. A group of atoms takes up the same place, creating a ‘super atom’. They all take on the same qualities and become a ‘blob’.

CYCLESThe water cycle is a perfect example of how

temperature can affect the states of matter, and their physical state.

WHAT IS THE WATER CYCLE? The water cycle describes the existence and

movement of water on, in, and above the Earth.

Earth’s water is always in movement and is always changing states, from liquid to vapor to ice and back again.

TOPICS Pure substancesElements and CompoundsMixturesHomogeneous and HeterogeneousSolutions-solutes and solventsPhysical changeChemical change

PURE SUBSTANCESA pure substance is a form of matter that has definite composition and distinct properties.

A pure substance cannot be broken down into any other substance my physical or chemical means.

Can be classified as either an element or a compound.

ELEMENTSElements are the building blocks of all matter.We will never stop discovering new reactions

and compounds, but the elements will remain the same.

COMPOUNDSA chemical compound is a substance

consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

When elements join and become compounds, they lose their individual traits.

Na + Cl NaCl (sodium) (chlorine) (sodium chloride-table salt)

MIXTURESCombination of two or more substances

(combined in varying proportions), each retaining its own specific properties.

The components of a mixture can be separated by physical means (without breaking chemical bonds).

There are two types of mixturesHomogeneousHeterogeneous

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTUREA mixture in which the properties and

composition are not uniform throughout the sample.

The parts of a heterogeneous mixture can be mechanically separated from each other.

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURESMixture in which the properties and

composition are uniform throughout the sample.

Many homogeneous mixtures are commonly referred to as solutions.

SOLUTIONSSolutions are homogeneous mixtures

composed of two or more substances.In solutions, a SOLUTE is dissolved in another

substance known as the SOLVENT.

In sugar water, which is the solute and which is the solvent?

SOLUTIONSSolubility is the ability of the solvent (water)

to dissolve the solute (sugar).

Can you think of any gas-gas solutions?Can you think of any solid-solid solutions?

PHYSICAL CHANGEPhysical changes occur when objects undergo

a change that does not change their chemical nature.

A physical change involves the change in physical properties.

Physical changes can be reversed. Examples include:

*any change in phase

*bend or break*grinding or

dissolving

CHEMICAL CHANGEDuring a chemical change, substances are

changed into different substances. In other words, the composition of the substance changes.

Chemical changes affect chemical properties of a substance.

Examples include:Color changeEnergy absorbed or releasedOdor changeProduction of gas or solids!!NOT EASILY REVERSED!!

LAWS OF ENERGY AND MATTER

Law of Conservation of Matter: During an ordinary chemical change, there is no detectable increase or decrease in the quantity of matter

The total amount of matter and energy in the universe is a fixed amount and is never any more or any less.

SUMMARYPhysical properties of matterChemical properties of matter5 states of matterPure substancesMixturesSolutionsPhysical and Chemical Change