Ch. 1 - Matter

I. States of Matter

Kinetic Energy

States of Matter

A. Kinetic Energy

Particles of matter are always in motion.

The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

B. Four States of Matter

Solids very low KE - particles

vibrate but can’t move around

fixed shape fixed volume

B. Four States of Matter

Liquids low KE - particles can

move around but are still close together

Variable shape fixed volume

B. Four States of Matter

Gases high KE - particles can

separate and move to fill the container

variable shape variable volume

B. Four States of Matter

Plasma very high KE - particles collide with

enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)

gas-like, variableshape & volume

stars

Ch. 1 - Matter

I. Matter Flowchart

Pure Substances

Mixtures

A. Matter Flowchart

MATTER

Can it be physically separated?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

Colloids Suspensions

A. Matter Flowchart

Example:a.Pure substance or Mixtureb.Type of Pure substance or Type of mixture

1. Graphite (carbon)

2. Pepper

3. Sugar (sucrose)

4. Soda

Type of Matter:a.Pure substance or Mixtureb.Type of Pure substance or Type of mixture

a. Pure substanceb. element

a. Mixtureb. Heterogeneous

a. Pure substanceb. compound

a. Mixtureb. Homogeneous

B. Pure Substances

Element composed of identical atoms EX: Cu, Al, H2, O2

B. Pure Substances

Compound

2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

properties differ from those of individual elements

EX: table salt (NaCl); water (H2O)

C. Mixtures

Combination of 2 or more pure substances.

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

C. Mixtures

A. Homogenous solution very small particles particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol

C. Mixtures

B. Hetergeneous 1. Colloid

medium-sized particles particles don’t settle EX: milk

C. Mixtures

Suspension heterogeneous large particles particles settle EX: fresh-squeezed

lemonade

C. Mixtures

Examples:

mayonnaise

muddy water

fog

saltwater

Italian salad dressing

colloid

suspension

colloid

solution

suspension

Ch. 1 - Matter

II. Properties & Changes in Matter

Physical vs. Chemical

Physical Property

can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

Chemical Property

describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

Physical vs. Chemical

Examples:

melting point

flammable

density

magnetic

tarnishes in air

physical

chemical

physical

physical

chemical

Physical vs. Chemical

Physical Change

changes the form of a substance without changing its identity

properties remain the same

Chemical Change

changes the identity of a substance

products have different properties

Physical vs. Chemical

Signs of a Chemical Change

change in color or odor

formation of a gas

formation of a precipitate (solid)

change in light or heat

Physical vs. Chemical

Examples:

rusting iron

dissolving in water

burning a log

melting ice

grinding spices

chemical

physical

chemical

physical

physical