1.3. Cycles and the Earth 1. Water Cycle Water.
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Transcript of 1.3. Cycles and the Earth 1. Water Cycle Water.
1.3. Cycles and the Earth
1. Water Cycle
Water
(1)Evaporation• Heat energy from the sun causes
water in puddles, streams, rivers, seas or lakes to change from a liquid to a water vapor.
• This is called evaporation.
• The vapor rises into the air and collects in clouds.
(2)Condensation• Water vapor collects in clouds. As the
clouds cool the water vapor condenses into water drops.
• This is called condensation. • These drops fall to the earth as rain,
snow or hail.
(3)Precipitation
• Water falls to the earth from clouds. Mainly as rain, but sometimes as snow and hail.
• This is called precipitation.
(4)Transpiration• Transpiration is the process by which
plants lose water out of their leaves.
• Transpiration gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air.
EvaporationThe vapor rises
CondensationThe Clouds form
PrecipitationThe rain falls
Transpiration
The movement through plants
2. Carbon Cycle
Carbon
Carbon exists in the nonliving environment as:
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Carbonic acid ( HCO3−)
• Carbonate rocks (limestone and coral = CaCO3)
• Deposits of Fossil fuels• Dead organic matter
Organic Carbon
• Hydrocarbons: CH4
• Carbohydrate: CH2O
Inorganic carbon
• Carbon Dioxide: CO2
• Calcium Carbonate: CaCO3
Mandale Limestone Quarry
Carbon reservoirs
Carbon is taken from the atmosphere in several ways
①Photosynthesis.
②The oceans when the seawater becomes cooler, more CO2 dissolve and become carbonic acid.
• In the upper ocean areas organisms convert reduced carbon to tissues, or carbonates.
Photosynthesis
• CO2 + H2O + sunlight CH2O + O2
Respiration
• CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy
Combustion or Oxidization of hydrocarbon
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O + energy
Human Impacts on the Carbon Cycle
Burning fossil fuels have serious impact on the carbon cycle.
Fossil Fuel
86% of global primary energy consumption is fossil fuels.
Fossil Fuels
• Petroleum
• Natural Gas
• Coal
3. The Energy Cycle
• The amount of energy that enters the system should equal the amount that is removed.
• Because of the balance-scale nature of Earth’s energy cycle, scientists also call it Earth’s energy budget.
Three main sources of energy in Earth’s energy budget
• Solar Energy
• Geothermal Energy
• Tidal Energy
<The Law of Thermodynamics>
• Energy can never be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
• When energy changes, it is converted from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form.
→Energy can never be recycled completely.