Chapter 5 Objectives

• Define neoplasm

• List 7 warning signs of cancer

• Describe 3 main classifications for cancer

• Compare benign and malignant tumors

• Identify staging and grading of neoplasm

• List at least 4 possible causes of cancer

• Discuss 4 major forms of cancer treatment

Define Neoplasm

• Altered cellular proliferation and differentiation

• Characterized by autonomy (unregulated cell growth) and anaplasia (loss of differentiation)

7 warning signs of cancer

• C change in bowel or bladder habit

• A a sore that doesn’t heal

• U unusual bleeding or discharge

• T thickening or lump

• I indigestion

• O obvious change in wart or mole

• N nagging cough or hoarseness

3 main classifications for cancer:Carcinoma

3 main classifications for cancerSarcoma

3 main classifications for cancerBlood & Lymph Neoplasms

Benign Malignant

Rate of Growth Usually slow may be rapid; grows according to specific tumor doubling time

Mode of Growth Expansion Infiltration of surrounding tissue

Microscopic Features

cells are fairly typical of the tissue or orgin

Cells are atypical in varying degrees of the tissue of orgin

Tissue Destruction

Minor tissue destruction Commonly causes necrosis and ulceration

Recurrence (post surgery)

Rare Commonly recurs

Spread Does not spread to other parts of the body

Frequently spreads to form distant tumors

Course and Results

Is not injurious unless located in areas where there is pressure of obstruction to vital organs

Causes death if uncontrolled

Staging & Grading

Causes of Cancer

Causes of Cancer

Major Forms of Cancer Treatment

• Surgery

• Radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Immunotherapy/biotherapy

• Hormonal therapy