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Journal of Engineering, Computers & Applied Sciences (JEC&AS) ISSN No: 2319 5606 Volume 1, No.2, November 2012 _________________________________________________________________________________

www.borjournals.com Blue Ocean Research Journals 25

Advance Solar Water Heating with Electricity Generation

Ajay Kumar, Department of Electronics Engineering, IIITDM, Chennai, India

AbstractThe given paper deals with design of Reverse Flat Plate Collector which increases the efficiency of solarwater heating system. Normal flat plate collector which is available in market has less efficiency due tovarious losses. Major losses being convection losses from absorber plate to glass which is 20 to 30 %.

RFPC eliminates this loss and also we have used the same area for producing electricity using the solarvoltaic plate. Experimental result is found to be that RFPC is better in efficiency.

Keywords: Reverse flat plate collector (RFPC), solar photovoltaic plate, Heat losses, Efficiency.

1. Introduction As the whole world is trying to reduce thecarbon content in the environment due to climate

change. Green energy is one of most sorts to fulfillthe energy need for world. Heating of water needslots of energy. As abundance amount solar heat isavailable, this energy is utilized for heating water.Flat plate collector is available in market but heatlosses in most commercial flat plate collector arearound 33 to 50%. Due to convective 22 to 30%, dueto radiative losses from absorber surfaces 5 to7% and radiative losses from back surface 5 to 10%. In order to improve the collector efficiencyconvective and radiative losses from front and backsurface has to be eliminated. Convective losses in flat

plate collector are strong function of geometrical

parameter. Reverse flat plate collector reduces theseconvective losses from front surface by reversing theflat plate collector and designing the reflector is oneof major part of this project. Experimental resulthas shown that RFPC is efficient than the flat.

3. Methodology A solar ray from sun which is time dependent variesfrom 45degree to 90 degree. This solar ray strikes

the reflector which in turn reflects it to the RFPC(as shown in fig). All the rays from 0900 hoursto1800 hours will strike the RFPC. This ray willtransfer through glass, (glass allows light to passthrough but does not allow heat to come out of it).This trapped heat heats the copper plate. Copper

plate which is painted in matt black to improve theabsorptivity of solar energy. Copper plate being goodconductor of heat absorbs the heat and transmits towater. Above the glass wool is solar voltaic plate.This plate converts the energy of light in toelectricity. This electricity has to be stored in battery.

2. Literature Survey M.Madhusudan in his paper optimization of heatlosses in normal and reverse flat plate collector hasexplained in detail about the various losses innormal collector and ways to reduce these losses.Later G.N.Tiwari, H.K.Sehgal has also published

paper on Reverse flat plate collector. But still

commercially it is not available.G.N.Tiwari in his book SOLAR ENERGY onreverse flat plate collector. (page-117) has also givensome light

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4. DESI4. 1 TDIMENSThe figur reflector a

Fig 4.1.1-

4. 2 THThe figur the prodINVENT

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DESIGLECTORhe product is

t is Anodizedight.nodized Al i

Reflected ligh

ESIGN DEThe characteri

shown in fig 4he profile of

RFPC is place

SKETCH

ESIGN FRFPC is macopper plate, aGlass is to trafor transfer ofGlass wool is

ottom and siater heats u

ESIGN Dhe characteri15c.m

ater passesoutlet.

his processeat up to 70

ANUFACSSEMBLY

manufacturin parts the firstctor for the s

everse flat plahe assembly o

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N FEA made by Acr

mirror finish

s used because strikes the R

AILS OF REstic dimensio.1.1.the body is cud at the centre.

F RFPC

ATURESe of 4 mai

crylic sheet an p the heat froheat to water.sed to reduce

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ETAILS Ostic dimension

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For the asassembly:


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NAL VIEand Top view

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view

CAPARISO

LAT PLATident radiatio

(w/m^2)ansmissivity osorptivity of

rea of flat platt = radiation tt* = Radiati

t* = Qu + Qlre Qu = userheat lost= top

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OF PROof the final pr

CULATI OF RFP

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f glass plateabsorber surfae collectoransmitted byn absorbed by

ul energy/ h

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BASIC

Fig 7.1.1

CALCUCOFFILet Tp = aTg = glassTa= ambieTop heat lR1=Resist

plateR2= Resis1/R1 = 1/Heat lossConvectivConvectivSo, R1c =RadiativeSo R1r = 1Where h1r ThereforeSimilarly

CALCULOSSHEATLBottom heBottom cnegligibleTop heat l


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LOCK DI

LATIONIENT

bsorber surfac plate tempnt tempss coefficient

ance between

ance between1r + 1/R1cetween absor heat loss + R heat loss = h

1/ (h1c *A)eat loss = h1r / (h1r*A)= ( * *(Tp^4

R1 = 1/(h1r*2 = 1/(h2r*A

LATIONOFFICIE

OSS COFFat lost coefficionvective lo ss coefficient

omputers & er 2012 __________

AGRAM O

F TOP H

e temp

= 1 /(R1+R2)absorber sur

glass plate an

er surface anadiative heat l1c*A*(Tp - T

*A*(Tp - Tg)

-Tg^4)) / (Tp+ h1c*A)

+ h2c*A)

F BOTTT AND

ICIENT: ent = 1 /(L/K ss and Radi

= 1/(R1 + R2)


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rber to coverrber plate emi

s cover emittaation of colle heat transfer

ient air tempe absorber te

mal conductivent radiation= .15*.15 m^

smissivity ofrptivity of absion:

ulation of1: assumed to b

= 30 6 = 24 7.8095.62.9

6.3658.95 c

2:58.95 c

= 30 6 = 24 8.267.422.99

6.83557.45 c3:57.45 c= 30 6 = 24 8.237.432.98

6.8157.45 c

op loss coeffi

ulation ofK/L = .04/.01

.09

l heat loss co heat loss = U

ul energy = 18

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efficient = K efficient = UtU (Tp Ta)t * ) U (Tp

umed:

distance = .01ttance = .95ce = .88

ctor = 0 degcoefficient = 1ature Ta = 30

perature = 10ity of insulatio 1000 w/m^2

2lass plate = .9orber surface

Top loss co

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c

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fficient = Ut(Tp Ta) = 1.225 17.01

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m

0 W/m^2 ccc

n = .04 w/m c

.9

fficient

3

coefficient

Ub = .2437.01 w

1.215 w

8

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Efficiency CalculaticellPo = effici

= .07 * 10= 1.575 w

7.2COLLE

Fig 7.2.1

CalculatiResistanceR3 = 1/(h3

ResistanceL=thickneTop heat lCalculatioUb = 1/ (R1r = 1 / hR2r = 1 / hOverall heU = Ut +

Total hea= U (Tp Ub = .090

Ut = .09U = Ut +

Total heaUseful eneEfficiency Total pow


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of FPC = 1.2

n of output

ency * I * A

0 * .15 * .15

EVERSECTOR

n of top heat between back r*A + h3c*A)

offered by ins of insulatioss coefficient, of bottom he

1r + R2r)1r*A2r*Aat transfer coe b

loss in reverTa)75

b = .090675

loss = U (Tprgy = 18.225of RFPC = 5.

er generated

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ower of solar

FLAT

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ulation layerlayerUt = 1 / (R3

at loss coeffici

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e flat plate c

.09 = .18

Ta) = 12.612.6 = 5.625

625/18.225 =

7.2 + 5.625


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