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Transcript of 1 Prairie Water Partnerships in Governance Prairie Water Policy Symposium International Institute...
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Prairie Water Partnerships in Prairie Water Partnerships in GovernanceGovernance
Prairie Water Policy Symposium
International Institute for Sustainable Development
September 2005, Winnipeg, Manitoba
P.E. Adkins, P.Eng.
A/Director, Ag Water Directorate, AAFC-PFRA
Agricu lture and Agri-Food C anada
Prairie Farm R ehabilita tionAdm inistra tion
Agricu lture et Agroalim enta ire C anada
Adm inistra tion du rétablissem entagrico le des P ra iries
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OutlineOutline
What is Water GovernanceHow Does it work in CanadaWater Governance on the PrairiesFuture of Partnerships in GovernanceIntegrated Water Resource ManagementGaps in Governance
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Governance: Definitions Governance: Definitions
Governance is:– The “act, manner, function, or power of
government” (Webster’s)
Governance is the process of “governing”:– “to exercise authority over; rule, administer,
direct, control, manage, etc.”– formalizes “the maintenance of public order
and the promotion of the common welfare,” and, “orderly management”
– “embraces the relationship between society and its government”
– “encompasses laws, regulations, institutions, policies, programs, actions, & networks of influence”
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Water Consumption in Canada 1996
- Consumed
(Translation)
-Returned
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Water is Unique from a Water is Unique from a Governance Perspective…Governance Perspective… Freshwater is a unique environmental resource It is essential for:
– Society’s survival and well-being– Economic Development– Environmental health and sustainability
Water knows no boundaries, be they political or jurisdictional boundaries
Water is a cross-cutting resource that cannot be neglected by any aspect of society
Watershed is a critical planning unit to protect the environment and support development
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The Canadian Model:The Canadian Model:How we Govern our WaterHow we Govern our Water Water is a public good Provinces have constitutional authority over
natural resources including water:-Water rights allocation
-Rights are not privately held-Tradeable only in Alberta
-Flow regulation-Development regulation-Pollution control
Prairie provinces have each developed a “water strategy” – an important element
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The Canadian Model:The Canadian Model:How we Governs our WaterHow we Governs our Water Federal regulatory role in:
– Inter-provincial and international waters– Water on Federal Crown land– Fishery and fish habitat in all Canadian
waters– Navigable waters
Federal intervention in other areas is possible in the interest of “good governance”
Federal Water Policy - 1987
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Federal Institutions with Water Federal Institutions with Water Resource Responsibilities:Resource Responsibilities:
5NR: Five Natural Resource departments: – Environment (environment and trans-boundary flow)– Health (public health)– Natural Resources (ground water)– Agriculture and Agri-Food (protection & rural water)– Fisheries and Oceans (inland and ocean fisheries)
Other federal agencies:– Indian and Northern Affairs (First Nations water)– Transport Canada (navigation)– Foreign Affairs (trade & export)– Canadian Food Inspection Agency (bottled water) – Parks Canada is responsible for ecological integrity
and water and wastewater systems in national parks Plus 12 others!!!
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Agriculture & Agri-Food CanadaAgriculture & Agri-Food Canada
Agriculture Policy Framework– Water, air, land, biodiversity
Water Strategy under developmentNational Water Supply Expansion
Program (NWSEP)– Water development and studies
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Provincial Institutions with Water Provincial Institutions with Water Resource Responsibilities:Resource Responsibilities:
Natural resource departments: – Environment – Health– Natural Resources– Watershed Authority/ Drinking Water or
Water Services/Corporations– Agriculture
Other departments and crown corporations
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Other Institutions Other Institutions with Water Resource Responsibilities:with Water Resource Responsibilities:
Municipalities (water, wastewater, environment) Health Districts (heath inspectors and water/wastewater safety) First Nations (water, wastewater, environment) Environmental agencies:
– Watershed groups (stakeholder interests and environment)– Conservation Authorities
Other agencies and industry groups– Agricultural groups (specialty focus: e.g. irrigators, cattle, dairy, field
crop, etc. )– Industry and Industry-supported groups (water and wastewater
discharge) Non-government organizations
– Greenpeace, Sierra Club, etc. Private landowners:
– private water and wastewater supplies All Citizens have personal responsibilities to safeguard and protect
the environment (water, land and air) from contamination
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Water on the Prairies…Water on the Prairies…Context of GovernanceContext of Governance
Semi-arid agricultural areas are the most populated
Lack of precipitation drives irrigated agriculture (60% of Canadian total in Alberta)
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Water on the Prairies…Water on the Prairies…Context of GovernanceContext of Governance
Driven by dry climate and the rather complex institutional arrangements, governance of water on the prairies is characterized by partnerships!
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Examples of Water Governance on Examples of Water Governance on the Prairies…the Prairies…
IJC – Canada/US Boundary Waters Treaty 1909
• Environment Canada lead• International Red River Board
Non-profit Organizations – Red River Basin
Commission AAFC - PFRA partnership with the prairie
provinces since 1935– Technical and financial support to water development, and
regulatory/management efforts, including specific Programs
Prairie Provinces Water Board (PPWB) since 1948
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Prairie Provinces Water BoardPrairie Provinces Water Board
Initial Mandate– Address emerging challenges of
inter-jurisdictional water management– Focussed on “highest and best
economic use”– With increasing demands on the
resource, approach became problematic
Change required…
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Prairie Provinces Water BoardPrairie Provinces Water Board
Master Agreement on Apportionment (MAA) 1969 – “equitable sharing of available Prairie water
resources”– Flexible agreement to help address new
challenges over timeeg. -Natural flow determination for
apportionment-Drainage issues-Groundwater-Water quality
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Prairie Provinces Water BoardPrairie Provinces Water Board
Membership:
Senior officials from Environment Canada, Water agencies in each of three provinces, AAFC-PFRA– PFRA coordinating role 1948 to 1973– EC lead administrative and funding
role since 1973; provides chair person and executive director
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Prairie Provinces Water BoardPrairie Provinces Water Board
Responsibilities:– Ensure equitable apportionment, and
protection, of inter-provincial waters in accordance with MAA
– Forum to exchange information to prevent and resolve conflicts
– Promote cooperation in inter-provincial water management
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Prairie Provinces Water BoardPrairie Provinces Water Board
Committees:– on Hydrology (COH)– on Water Quality (COWQ)– on Groundwater (COG)
Roles – to support operations
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Future of Prairie Water Future of Prairie Water Partnerships in Governance…Partnerships in Governance…
MUST CONSIDER:
Increasing climate variability and climate change
In-stream ecological water needs Water demand management / conservation Increasing potential for conflict over water use /
competing uses Increasing importance of water quality Expanding role for PPWB? More complete adoption of the principles of
Integrated Water Resource Management(IWRM) as a governance tool …
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“A process that promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.”
Global Water Partnership
What is IWRM?
Issues/opportunitiesFact Sheets/MediaDemos/WorkshopsScientific Papers
Concepts
Products/ProcessesDemos/Workshops
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Integrated Water Resource Integrated Water Resource Management - IWRMManagement - IWRM
“a process that promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems”
(GWP TEC Paper 4, 2000)
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Integrated Water Resource Integrated Water Resource Management - IWRMManagement - IWRM
More simply put:
– the preferred approach to managing land and water resources in balance with human, industrial, agricultural and environmental needs
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IWRMIWRM
Federal leadership role for ECIWRM is an internationally accepted
process for management of the earth’s water resources
Canada has international commitments to implement –
World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
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Institutional Gaps in Prairie Water Institutional Gaps in Prairie Water GovernanceGovernance
Agriculture and Water agencies are often not at the table together
Need a new Federal Water PolicyStronger Federal leadership /
facilitation / support (eg. IWRM)
More united approach to water from Federal departments
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QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?