11

Department of EnergyDepartment of EnergyRenewable Energy DivisionRenewable Energy Division

Solar EnergyManuel RomeroDirector Renewable Energy DivisionCIEMATAvda. Complutense 2228040 Madrid

22

SPAIN: ENERGY SUPPLY AND NATURAL RESOURCESSPAIN: ENERGY SUPPLY AND NATURAL RESOURCES

High external energy dependence:

80% primary energy dependence;

99.5% oil dependence; 97.1% gas dependence.

Since 2000 a year-on-year primary energy demand growth rate of 3.2% and almost 6% for electricity

In terms of energy supply Iberia is an island.

High solar and wind resources. 2/3 of territory above 4.3 kWh/m2 (Daily global solar radiation on

horizontal surface)

MediterraneanH.V. NetworksMediterraneanGas Pipelines

33

SOLAR ENERGY CHARACTERIZATIONSOLAR ENERGY CHARACTERIZATION

Radiometric instrumentation

AntennaAntennaMeteosat 7Meteosat 7

TASK 36: Solar Resource Knowledge Management

Operating Agent: David S. Renné (NREL)

• CIEMAT is the Spanish partner CIEMAT is the Spanish partner in Task 36. NREL. NASA.in Task 36. NREL. NASA.

• Only Spanish institution Only Spanish institution working on satellite-based working on satellite-based management systems for solar management systems for solar radiation characterization radiation characterization (European MESSOR project).(European MESSOR project).

44

Scenario EREC: PrioritiesScenario EREC: Priorities

PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics– – Drastic reduction of costs through R&D in Drastic reduction of costs through R&D in materials and cells, design and production materials and cells, design and production of modules, components and systems. of modules, components and systems. Solar concentration. Trackers.Solar concentration. Trackers.

Solar thermalSolar thermal- Solar heating and cooling innovative - Solar heating and cooling innovative applications.applications.- Technology innovation and early - Technology innovation and early commercial projects of solar thermal power commercial projects of solar thermal power plants.plants.

ABENGOA SOLAR

55

CIEMAT has an CIEMAT has an experienced unit experienced unit for testing PV for testing PV components and components and monitoring and monitoring and evaluating grid-evaluating grid-connected large connected large PV power PV power plants.plants.

PHOTOVOLTAICS: Spanish specificityMoving from roofs to rural sites & trackers

66

Multiplicity of PV technologiesMultiplicity of PV technologies

0 5 10 15 20 25module efficiency (%)

mo

du

le p

rice

(€/

Wp

)

1

2

3

4

0

c-Si

tf-Si

& CIGSS

new concepts

2005

2010

2020

>2030

OSC

technology families

techn

olo

gy g

eneratio

ns

tf-Si = thin-film siliconCIGSS = copper-indium/gallium-selenium/sulfurc-Si = wafer-type crystalline siliconX-tech = concentrator technologyOSC = “organic” solar cells new concepts = advanced versions of existing technologies & new conversion principles

X-tech

commercial

Beyond SQ limit

Bounded to SQ limit

77

Spain: PV key playersSpain: PV key players

• CIEMAT: Thin films (tf-Si and CIS), testing PV components & evaluation of grid-connected power plants.

• CENER-CIEMAT and INTA: Certification• IES-UPM: Concentrating PV

– ISFOC: First commercial plant 3 MWp have been granted to Solfocus (US), Concentrix (DE) and Isofotón (ES). Second call: EMCORE (US)

• IQC: Organic Solar Cells.• INDUSTRY: Isofotón, BP-Solar, Atersa.• NREL(cooperation): -Miguel A. Contreras: CIGS record 20%-Manuel Romero , NREL-NCPV-IES- Cooperation Concentrating PV

Micro-pilot plant of magnetron sputtering Micro-pilot plant of magnetron sputtering for processing 30 x 30 cm samplesfor processing 30 x 30 cm samples

100 kW at ISFOC

88

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

40 60 80 100 120 140 160

collector fluid mean temperature, °C

co

lle

cto

r e

ffic

ien

cy

selective flat plat

high efficiency evacuated tube

solar air collector

desiccant

adsorption1-effect absorption

2-effect absorption

ambient air temperature 25°C

radiation on collector 800 W/m2

ambient air temperature 25°C

radiation on collector 800 W/m2

SOLAR COOLING NEEDSSOLAR COOLING NEEDS

99

ARFRISOL: National strategic project on solar coolingARFRISOL: National strategic project on solar cooling

•Five representative buildings•Large national construction companies: Acciona, Dragados, OHL, FCC•Five manufacturers of equipment: Unisolar, Climatewell, Atersa, Gamesa, Isofotón•R&D Centers (CIEMAT, Universities)

Cooperation with NREL: Ron Judkoff. Center for Cooperation with NREL: Ron Judkoff. Center for Buildings and Thermal Systems?????Buildings and Thermal Systems?????

1010

Plataforma Solar de Almería: Two decades of continuous R&DPlataforma Solar de Almería: Two decades of continuous R&D

EUROTROUGH, DISS, INDITEP, EURODISH, SOLAIR, EUROTROUGH, DISS, INDITEP, EURODISH, SOLAIR, SOLGATE, DISSTORSOLGATE, DISSTOR

1111

CSP: US and Spain are the keyCSP: US and Spain are the key

• Traditional cooperation with Sandia National Labs and NREL through IEA/SolarPACES since 1978.– SSPS project– RAS project– Solar Tres– Solar Detox

• Low profile cooperation with industries like Boeing, SES.

• Recent presence of Acciona, Abengoa and Sener in the US may help to increase cooperation.

• Contacts with NREL (Mark Mehos) to establish new agreements in the field.

1212

University of Colorado at Boulder, University of Colorado at Boulder, CU; USACU; USACentro de Investigaciones Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas – CIEMAT; SpainTecnológicas – CIEMAT; SpainCCentre National de la Recherche entre National de la Recherche Scientifique – CNRS; Scientifique – CNRS; FranceFranceDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. – DLR; GermanyRaumfahrt e.V. – DLR; GermanyPaul Scherrer Institut –PSI; Paul Scherrer Institut –PSI; SwitzerlandSwitzerlandTokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; JAPANJAPANWeizmann Insitute of Science – Weizmann Insitute of Science – WIS; IsraelWIS; Israel

IPHE Solar High Temperature Thermochemical Water IPHE Solar High Temperature Thermochemical Water Splitting Joint ProjectSplitting Joint Project

Coordinator: Prof. Al Weimer (Univ. Colorado at Boulder)Coordinator: Prof. Al Weimer (Univ. Colorado at Boulder)Professor of Chemical EngineeringProfessor of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering

DOE and General Atomics participating but not signingDOE and General Atomics participating but not signing

International Partnership for the Hydrogen EconomyInternational Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy

The collaborative solar thermochemical hydrogen production The collaborative solar thermochemical hydrogen production project was endorsed at the 2005 IPHE Steering Committee in project was endorsed at the 2005 IPHE Steering Committee in Kyoto, Japan on 14-15 September 2005 as an outstanding Kyoto, Japan on 14-15 September 2005 as an outstanding development and demonstration project.  development and demonstration project. 

HEHELP!LP!

Reinstatement of $3.5 million for U.S. Solar Driven High-temperature Reinstatement of $3.5 million for U.S. Solar Driven High-temperature Thermochemical Production of Hydrogen Project ProgramThermochemical Production of Hydrogen Project Program

US Department of Energy requested no funding for hydrogen production in US Department of Energy requested no funding for hydrogen production in the FY 2009 the FY 2009

Letters of international support sent to Senator Byron Dorgan, Chairman, Letters of international support sent to Senator Byron Dorgan, Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development