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K.R.DHURAI(09MN31)

CARBON BALANCING

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2006 C02 EMISSION

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GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

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CO2 GRAPH FROM BC TO 2005

(PPM Vs Year)

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CO2 MEASURED DATA (10!200)

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CO2 GRAPH FROM 155 TO 2010

(PPM Vs Year)

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ENERGY TREATY

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COPENHAGEN TREATY A budget for the year 2020 that brings global emissions

back to 1990 levels.

The annual global carbon budget in 2020 from all sources

of greenhouse gases would be no higher than 36.1 t

!"2e# roughly e$ual to 1990 levels# and would need to be

reduced to %.2 t !"2e in 20&0# in other words by '0 (

below 1990 levels.

) To kee* the annual reduction rates between 2010 and

20&0 achievable# total global greenhouse gas emissions

would need to *eak in the 2013+201% commitment *eriod

and decline thereafter..

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CO2 NEVER DECREASED INSPITE OF

MEETINGS

Since the 1958 st!t "# %!ecise &'2

es!eents in the t"s%he!e* the nn+en c"ncent!ti"n "# &'2 hs "n+, inc!ese-#!" "ne ,e! t" the net.

/he!e he een n" -ec!eses in nn+ &'2+ee+s since -i!ect inst!ent es!eentsen.

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G"#$a" Te%&era're Ca*+e (IPCC

DATA)

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At"s%he!e'cen ene!+ &i!c+ti"nM"-e+ %!"ecti"ns "# s!#ce !in

(I&& R'R/) A1 A "!+- "# e!, !%i- ec"n"ic !"th* +"+ %"%+ti"n

tht %es in i-cent!, n- !%i- int!"-cti"n"# ne n-"!e e:cient techn"+"ies.

;"ssi+ intensie (A1;I)* n"n#"ssi+ ene!, !es"!ces (A1/) n-

+nce c!"ss ++ s"!ces (A1

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At"s%he!e'cen ene!+ &i!c+ti"nM"-e+ %!"ecti"ns "# s!#ce !in

(I&& R'R/)

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SEA AND G,ACIAR

Anomaly time series ,de*arture from the long+term

mean- of *olar surface air tem*erature ,A# -# arctic and antarctic sea ice etent ,/# -# orthern

emis*here ,- froen ground etent ,!-# snow

cover etent ,4- and global glacier mass balance ,5-.

The solid red line in 5 denotes the cumulative globalglacier mass balance in the other *anels it shows

decadal variations

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I&&DA/A

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G,OBA, MEAN SEA ,EVE, (IPCC DATA)

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CARBON CYC,E (NASA DATA)

(UNIT-GIGATONS OF CARBON)

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CARBON RE!BA,ANCING

/he c!"n c,c+e is the %!"cess ,

hich c!"n is echne- eteen the#"! !ese!"i!s "# c!"n>

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CARBON RE!BA,ANCING

chnes te %+ce in th!"h

Res%i!ti"n &"sti"n

Dec,

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CARBON BA,ANCING

&!"n "@set #"! e%+e , %h"t"s,nthesis (e inne #"!ests)

&!"n c%t!e n- st"!e et!cti"n "# &'2 n-

%+cin it n-e!!"n- "! n-e!te! Sstin+e ene!, shi#t #!" #"ssi+ #e+s ene!,

t" in- %"e! n- s"+! %"e!

Nc+e! %"e! s n +te!ntie t" #"ssi+ #e+s

Sstin+e -esin t" !e-ce in%ts n- "t%ts "#ene!,

Sstin+e t!ns%"!t t" !e-ce !e+ince "n #"ssi+#e+s

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offsethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offset

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CARBON SE.UESTRATION

Car$#* se/es'ra'#* is e"eninee!in

technie #"! the +"nte! st"!e "# c!"n-i"i-e "! "the! #"!s "# c!"n* #"! theititi"n "# +"+ !in.

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T&es # Car$#* Se/es'ra'#*

Biological process

Physical process chemical process

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS

'cen i!"n #e!ti+i=ti"n 'cen !e #e!ti+i=ti"n

;"!est!, A!ic+t!e Re-cin issi"ns

nhncin &!"n Re"+ et %!"-cti"n 'cen iin

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PHYSICA, PROCESS

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CHEMICA, PROCESS

In-st!i+ se

&heic+ Sc!e!s

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3 OCEANIRON FERTI,I4ATION

nc"!e %+nt"n !"th hich !e"esc!"n #!" the t"s%he!e.

I!"n #e!ti+i=ti"n is nt!+ %!"cess n- it isthe enhnceent "# this %!"cess hich is thee"eninee!in technie.

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3 OCEANIRON FERTI,I4ATION

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3 OCEANUREA FERTI,I4ATION

/" #e!ti+i=e the "cen ith !e* nit!"en !ichsstnce* t" enc"!e %h,t"%+nt"n !"th

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3SUSTAINAB,E FORESTRY

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3FORESTRY

Re#"!estti"n !e%+ntin "# t!ees "n !in+c!"% n- %st!e +n-s t" t!ns#e! &'2 #!" the

t"s%he!e t" ne i"ss.

?hen the t!ees -ie * it sh"+- n"t e !nt . /his is t" ens!e tht the c!"n -"es n"t!et!n t" the t"s%he!e.

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3AGRICU,TURE

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3AGRICU,TURE

S"i+s !e estite- t" c"ntin %%!"ite+,1*580 it"ns "# "!nic c!"n* "!e thn thet"t+ "# c!"n in eetti"n n- the t"s%he!e.

M"-iBcti"n "# !ic+t!+ %!ctices is !ec"ni=e- eth"- "# c!"n seest!ti"n s s"i+cn ct s n e@ectie c!"n sin.

&!"n eissi"n !e-cti"n eth"-s in !ic+t!e1.)Re-cin eissi"ns

2.)nhncin c!"n !e"+

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3REDUCING EMMISSIONS

Inc!ese in the e:cienc, "# #!in eth"-s

Acc!te se "# #e!ti+i=e!s*

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3ENHANCING CARBON REMOVA,

A++ c!"%s s"! &'2 -!in thei! !"th n-

!e+ese it #te! thei! -eth s the, !e c"nse-*

-est!",e-* "! inc"!%"!te- int" the s"i+. Usin c"e! c!"%s sch s !sses n- ee-s s

te%"!!, c"e! eteen !ic+t!+ c!"%s.

Rest"!in -e!-e- +n- s+"s c!"n !e+ese

hi+e !et!nin the +n- t" !ic+t!e.

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3 PEATPRODUCTION

et "s !e e!, i%"!tnt st"!e "# c!"n.

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3 OCEANMIING

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BIO,OGICA, PROCESS 3 OCEANMIING

nc"!in !i"s +,e!s "# the "cen t" i*s"it cn "e nt!ients n- -iss"+e- ses !"n-n- ths ct s e"eninee!in %%!"ch.

/his iin , e chiee- , %+cin +!ee!tic+ %i%es in the "cens t" %% nt!ient !ichte! t" the s!#ce.

Miin t!ie!s +""s "# +e hich +s" st"!ec!"n hen the, -ie.

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PHYSICA, PROCESS 3 BIOCHAR

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PHYSICA, PROCESS 3 BECCS

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PHYSICA, PROCESS 3 BIOMASSBURIA,

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PHYSICA, PROCESS 3 BIOMASSOCEAN STORAGE

/he %!"-cti"n "# #"ssi+ #e+s is nt!+ %!"cesshich "#ten in"+es the "cen !i+ "# i"ss*"#ten ne! !ie! "ths hich !in +!entities "# nt!ients n- -e- te!i+ #!"%!ie! int" the "cen.

/!ns%"!tin the te!i+ sch s c!"% ste t"se n- ++"in it t" sin int" -ee% "cen

st"!e hs een %!"%"se- s ens "#seest!ti"n "# c!"n.

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PHYSICA, PROCESS 3 CARBONCAPTURE STORAGE

&!"n -i"i-e cn e inecte- int" -e%+ete- "i+n- s !ese!"i!s n- "the! e"+"ic+ #et!es*"! cn e st"!e- in %!e #"! in the -ee% "cen.

&'2 hs een se- etensie+, in enhnce- c!-e

"i+ !ec"e!, "%e!ti"ns in the Unite- Stteseinnin in 1972./he!e !e in ecess "# 10*000&'2 e++s in the stte "# /es.

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PHYSICA, PROCESS 3 CARBONCAPTURE AND STORAGE

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POST COMBUSTION

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CARBON CAPTURE ANDSTORAGE 3 POST COMBUSTION

"st c"sti"n techn"+", in"+es c%t!inthe c!"n -i"i-e #!" the e s "# #"ssi+ #e+B!e- %"e! #ci+ities.

Se%!ti"n is -e -i:c+t , the +" c!"n-i"i-e %!ti+ %!ess!e* enin tht cheic+s"!%ti"n sin ines is c!!ent+, the "sti+e "%ti"n t "the! "%ti"ns inc+-in chi++e-

"ni* in" ci-s* e!nes n--s"!%ti"n !e +s" n-e! c"nsi-e!ti"n.

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PRE COMBUSTION

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!e c"sti"n techn"+", in"+es eithe! c"+ "!i"ss siBcti"n "! nt!+ s !e#"!in t"%!"-ce s,nthesis s.

/he s,nthesis s is then %sse- th!"h shi#t!ect"!s t" iise the h,-!"en ,ie+-.

/he c!"n -i"i-e is then c%t!e- #!" thes,nthesis s , s"!%ti"n.

S+%h! !e"+ "cc!s t -i@e!ent %"int in the%!"cess -e%en-in "n the #e+ in"+e-.

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OXY FUEL

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CARBON CAPTURE ANDSTORAGE ! OYFUE,

',#e+ ses %!e ",en inste- "# i! in c"sti"n che! !ec,c+in %"!ti"n "# thee s n- %!"-cin c"ncent!te- c!"n-i"i-e %!"-ct.

!iBcti"n "# the e s is then e%+",e-* t"!e"e nit!"en* ",en* n- !"n.

/he in ene!, c"nse!s !e the i!se%!ti"n nit* !ei!e- #"! the ",ens%%+,* n- the %!iBcti"n nit.

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CHEMICA, PROCESS 3INDUSTRIA, USE

/!-iti"n+ ceent n#ct!e !e+eses +!e"nts "# c!"n -i"i-e* t ne+, -ee+"%e-ceent t,%es #!" N"ce cn s"! &'2 #!"

ient i! -!in h!-enin.

A sii+! technie s %i"nee!e- , /ecc"* h"he een %!"-cin c"&eent since 2002.

/he "nt "# &'2 c%t!e- e!e- 60E65F "#

the c!"nce"s &'2 n- 10E11F "# the t"t+

&'2 eissi"ns.

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CHEMICA, PROCESS 3 CHEMICA,SCRUBBERS

&!"n -i"i-e sc!in %!"cesses he een%!"%"se- t" !e"e &'2 #!" the i!* s++,

sin !int "# the K!#t %!"cess.

/hese n"t+, inc+-e the !tiBci+ t!ees* ith the%!%"se t" !e"e c!"n -i"i-e #!" thet"s%he!e sin cheic+ sc!e!s.

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STEP CARBON CAPTURE STEP

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CAPTURING CO2

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CAPTURING CO2

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CAPTURING

CO2CAPTURING CO2

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CO2 STORAGE AND USAGE

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CO2 F,OODING

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CO2 CONVERTED TO METHANO,FUE,

/he scientists -e c!"n -i"i-e !ect , sinNhete!"c,c+ic c!enes (NH&s)* n"e+"!n"ct+,st.

the !ecti"n ith NH&s n- c!"n -i"i-e cnte %+ce n-e! i+- c"n-iti"ns in -!, i!.

H,-!"si+ne* c"inti"n "# si+ic n- h,-!"en*is --e- t" the NH&ctite- c!"n -i"i-e* n-the %!"-ct "# this !ecti"n is t!ns#"!e- int"ethn"+ , --in te! th!"h h,-!"+,sis.

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REFERENCE

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.c!"nc%t!en-seest!ti"n.c" .c!+.c".n=

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http://www.co2now.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.yourforestmanaged.com/http://www.unfccc.int/http://www.epa.gov/http://www.carbon-capture-and-sequestration.com/http://www.crl.co.nz/http://www.crl.co.nz/http://www.carbon-capture-and-sequestration.com/http://www.epa.gov/http://www.unfccc.int/http://www.yourforestmanaged.com/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.co2now.org/

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THANK YOU

09mn31

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