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Transfer Path
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Damping
Frequency
Am
pli
tud
e
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Picture source: RWE
Wind turbine
drivetrain
influenced by
and has
influence on all
factors
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Wind turbine
drivetrain
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Drivetrain
mass and stiffness
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Picture source:
ZF Wind Power
Enercon
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Picture source:
ZF Wind Power
Enercon
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Picture source:
ZF Wind Power
Enercon
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Picture source:
ZF Wind Power
Enercon
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Picture source:
ZF Wind Power
Enercon
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Drivetrain
mass and stiffness
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1
·
.
Transferred
Gearbox
Gearbox Gearbox Gearbox
n
i
i
PGPD
m V
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Picture from
www.upwind.eu
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Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim
Speed
To
rqu
e
Sept 2013
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wind
Grid
Slide courtesy of ZF Sales Department
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Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim
Speed
Start up
To
rqu
e
Start up
Normal operation
Shut down
Emergency stop
Grid loss
Slide courtesy of ZF Sales Department
Sept 2013
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Transfer Path
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Excitation is mostly low frequency
Higher frequency excitation during
dynamic events
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Sept 2013 Mare Wint Lectures Trondheim
Time
Gear Mesh
Stiffness
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Planet carrier (PC)
Low Speed Shaft (LSS)
Intermediate Speed Shaft (ISS)
High Speed Shaft (HSS)
Low Speed Stage
Medium Speed Stage
High Speed Stage
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T.Eritenel, R.G.Parker: Modal parameters of three-dimensional helical planetary gears, Journal of
Sound and Vibration vol.325 (2009) p.397-420
State-of-the-
art
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Housing Range Of Influence Planet Carrier Range Of Influence LSS Range Of Influence No Coupling overall gearbox modes
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Receiver
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TO ADD
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• Meshing orders fully propagate throughout gearbox
• Not only lower meshing orders important
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Gearbox housing
Is a propagation path
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Housing
P
C
LSS
ISS
Low Speed
Stage
Orders
Medium Speed Stage Orders
High Speed Stage Orders
Low Speed Orders
Only Housing flexibility can be excited
Medium Speed Orders
Housing, PC and LSS can be excited
High Speed Orders
All structural flexibilities can be excited
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Load case
Blade
design
Drive train
design
Tower and nacelle
design
Wave
loads
Generator
loads
Wind
loads
Blade
loads
Drive train loads
Tower and nacelle
loads
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Early design
Detailed design
Flexible multibody
models of full turbine
Detailed
subcomponent
models: blades,
gearbox, nacelle,…
Static Dynamic
Finite
element
model
Multibody
model
Full turbine models
Dynamic
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Kinematic constraint:
• Hinge
• Slider
• Revolute
• …
Dynamic constraint:
• Spring
• Damper
• …
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Kinematic constraint:
• Hinge
• Slider
• Revolute
• …
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Dynamic constraint:
• Spring
• Damper
• …
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MB Model
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Multibody (MB) modelling
Finite Element modelling (FE)
Reaction Forces of internal gearbox components
Deformation of internal gearbox components
V
X
Calculation times
Combination: Flexible MB model:
• Craig Bampton (CMS)[12] reduced FE models included in MB model
• Deformation of internal gearbox components accounted for
• Acceptable calculation times
V
V
< < < <
[12] R.R.Craig, A review of time domain and frequency domain component mode synthesis methods,
Proceedings of the joint mechanics conference Albuquerque USA, 1985, pp. 1-30
Flexible multibody modelling suggested
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MB Model
FE Model
Interface needed between both
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MB Model
FE Model
Multipoint constraints suggested
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k o o okx x r
:
: Displacement of interface node
: Displacement of condensation node
: Orientation of condensation node
: Vector from condensation node to interface node k
k
o
o
ok
with
x
x
r
kx
k ky
kz
x
x x
x
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1
2
1
n
k ok k
ko n
k ok
k
w r x
w r
1
1
n
k k
ko n
k
k
w x
x
w
:
: Displacement of interface node
: Displacement of condensation node
: Orientation of condensation node
: Vector from condensation node to interface node k
: Weighting factor
k
o
o
ok
k
with
x
x
r
w
ox
o oy
oz
x
x x
x
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Flexible multipoint constr
Significant difference in static behaviour
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The coupling structure should be chosen carefully keeping the physics of the
problem in mind
Significant difference in dynamic behaviour
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Grid
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Voltage equations in the qd0-reference frame Voltage equations
Flux equations
Torque, Active and Reactive Power
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Excitation
Source
Gearbox
Gearbox mounts
Gearbox mounts
Gear contacts
Torque
Non-Torque
Loads Non-
Torque
Loads
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Countermeasures are necessary
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Airborne noise
Structure
borne
noise
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Excitation Transfer path
Overall gearbox
modes
Coupled modes
freq ranges
External excitation
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Housing Range Of Influence Planet Carrier Range Of Influence LSS Range Of Influence No Coupling overall gearbox modes
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Housing
P
C
LSS
ISS
Low Speed
Stage
Orders
Medium Speed Stage Orders
High Speed Stage Orders
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Housing and PC influence becomes more and more important
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