03 Huawei UE Behaviors in Idle Mode

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Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

UE Behaviors in Idle Mode

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Page1Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword� UE behaviors in idle mode include :

� PLMN selection

� System information reception

� Cell selection and reselection

� Location registration

� Paging procedure

� Access procedure

� PLMN selectionUsed to ensure that the PLMN selected by the UE properly provides services.

� Cell selection and reselectionUsed to ensure that the UE finds a suitable cell to camp on.

� Location registrationUsed for the network to trace the current status of the UE and to ensure that the UE is camped on the network when the UE does not perform any operation for a long period.

� System information receptionThe network broadcasts the network information to a UE which camps on the cell to control the behaviors of the UE.

� PagingUsed for the network to send paging messages to a UE which is in idle mode, CELL_PCH state, or URA_PCH state.

� AccessFrom the view of access stratum, access is the procedure UE shift from idle mode to connected mode.

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Contents1. PLMN Selection

2. System Information Reception

3. Cell Selection and Reselection

4. Location Registration

5. Paging Procedure

6. Access Procedure

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5. Paging Procedure

6. Access Procedure

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Cell Search� UE does not have UTRAN carrier information

� In order to find a suitable cell to stay, UE will scan all the

frequencies in UTRAN. In each carrier, UE just need to find a

cell with best signal

� UE has UTRAN carrier information

� UE will try whether the original cell is suitable to stay. If not, UE

still need to scan all the frequencies about UTRAN in order to

find a suitable cell in PLMN

� Typical scenario of first occasion is the first time a new UE is put into use.� The second occasion is very common.

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Cell Search

Slot synchronization

Frame synchronization and code-group identification

Primary Scrambling code identification

� Step 1: Slot synchronization During the first step of the cell search procedure the UE uses the primary synchronisation code (PSC) to acquire slot synchronisation to a cell.

� Step 2: Frame synchronization and code-group identificationDuring the second step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the secondary synchronisation code (SSC) to find frame synchronisation and identify the code group of the cell found in the first step.

� Step 3: Primary Scrambling code identification: During the last step of the cell search procedure, the UE determines the exact primary scrambling code used by the found cell. The primary scrambling code is typically identified through symbol-by-symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code group identified in the second step.

� If the UE has received information about which scrambling codes to search for, steps 2 and 3 above can be simplified.

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PLMN Selection� UE shall maintain a list of allowed PLMN types. In the

PLMN list, the UE arranges available PLMNs by priorities.

When selecting a PLMN, it searches the PLMNs from the

high priority to the low.

� The UE selects a PLMN from HPLMNs or VPLMNs.

� UE can get the system information from PCCPCH, and the PLMN information is transmitted in MIB of PCCPCH

� After getting the MIB, UE can judge weather the current PLMN is the right one. If so, UE will get the SIB scheduling information from the MIB; if not, UE will search another carrier, do this procedure again

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PLMN Selection (Cont.)� PLMN Selection in HPLMNs

� Automatic PLMN Selection Mode

� The UE selects an available and suitable PLMN from the whole

band according to the priority order

� Manual PLMN Selection Mode

� The order of manual selection is the same as that of automatic

selection.

� The priority order for automatic PLMN selection mode

The PLMN selected by the UE before automatic PLMN selection

Previously selected PLMN6

The PLMNs are arranged in descending order of signal quality.

Other PLMN/access technology combinations excluding the previously selected PLMN5

The PLMNs are arranged in random order

Other PLMN/access technology combinations with the high quality of received signals excluding the previously selected PLMN

4

The PLMNs are arranged in priority order

PLMNs contained in the "Operator Controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology" data field in the SIM excluding the previously selected PLMN

3

The PLMNs are arranged in priority order

PLMNs contained in the "User Controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology" data field in the SIM excluding the previously selected PLMN

2

Home PLMNsHPLMNs1

RemarkPLMN typeOrder

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PLMN Selection (Cont.)� PLMN Selection in VPLMNs

� If a UE is in a VPLMN, it scans the “user controlled PLMN

selector” field or the “operator controlled PLMN selector” field

in the PLMN list to find the HPLMN or the PLMN with higher

priority according to the requirement of the automatic PLMN

selection mode.

� A value of T minutes may be stored in the SIM. T is either in the range from 6 minutes to 8 hours in 6-minute steps or it indicates that no periodic attempts shall be made. If no value is stored in the SIM, a default value of 60 minutes is used.

� After the UE is switched on, a period of at least 2 minutes and at most T minutes shall elapse before the first attempt is made.

� The UE shall make an attempt if the UE is on the VPLMN at time T after the last attempt.

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5. Paging Procedure

6. Access Procedure

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Structure of System Information � System information is organized as a tree, including:

� MIB (Master Information Block )

� SB (Scheduling Block )

� SIB (System Information Block )

� System information is used for the network to broadcast network information to UEs camping on a cell so as to control the behavior of UEs.

� MIB� When selecting a new cell, the UE reads the MIB. The UE may locate the MIB by

predefined scheduling information. The IEs in the MIB includes MIB value tag, PLMN type, PLMN identity, reference and scheduling information for a number of SIBs in a cell or one or two SBs in a cell.

� SB� Scheduling Block (SB) gives reference and scheduling information to other SIBs. The

scheduling information of a SIB may be included in only one of MIB and SB.� SIB

� System Information Block (SIB) contains actual system information. It consists of system information elements (IEs) with the same purpose.

� Scheduling information for a system information block may only be included in either the master information block or one of the scheduling blocks.

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System Information � SIB1: Contains the system information for NAS and the timer/counter for UE

� SIB2: Contains the URA information

� SIB3: Contains the parameters for cell selection and cell re-selection

� SIB5: Contains parameters for the common physical channels of the cell

� SIB7: Contains the uplink interference level and the refreshingtimer for SIB7

� SIB11: Contains measurement controlling information

� SIB4: Contains parameters for cell selection and cell re-selection while UE is in connected mode

� SIB6: Contains parameters for the common physical channels of the cell while UE is in connected mode

� SIB8: Contains the CPCH static information� SIB9: Contains the CPCH dynamic information� SIB10: Contains information to be used by UEs having their DCH controlled by a DRAC

procedure. Used in FDD mode only. To be used in CELL_DCH state only. Changes so often, its decoding is controlled by a timer

� SIB12: Contains measurement controlling information in connecting mode� SIB13: Contains ANSI-41 system information� SIB14: Contains the information in TDD mode� SIB15: Contains the position service information� SIB16: Contains the needed pre-configuration information for handover from other RAT to

UTRAN� SIB17: Contains the configuration information for TDD� SIB18: Contains the PLMN identities of the neighboring cells

� To be used in shared networks to help with the cell reselection process

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Reception of System Information � The UE shall read system information broadcast on a BCH

transport channel when the UE is in idle mode or in

connected mode, that is, in CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or

URA_PCH state.

� The UE may use the scheduling information in MIB and SB to locate each SIB to be acquired. If the UE receives a SIB in a position according to the scheduling information and consider the content valid, it will read and store it.

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5. Paging Procedure

6. Access Procedure

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Cell Selection� When the PLMN is selected and the UE is in idle mode, the

UE starts to select a cell to camp on and to obtain services.

� There are four states involved in cell selection:

� Camped normally

� Any cell selection

� Camped on any cell

� Connected mode

� Camped normally: The cell that UE camps on is called the suitable cell. In this state, the UE obtains normal service.

� Any cell selection: In this state, the UE shall attempt to find an acceptable cell of an any PLMN to camp on, trying all RATs that are supported by the UE and searching first for a high quality cell

� Camped on any cell: The cell that UE camps on is called the acceptable cell. In this state the UE obtains limited service. The UE shall regularly attempt to find a suitable cell of the selected PLMN, trying all RATs that are supported by the UE.

� Connected mode: When returning to idle mode, the UE shall use the procedure Cell selection when leaving connected mode in order to find a suitable cell to camp on and enter state Camped normally. If no suitable cell is found in cell reselection evaluation process, the UE enters the state Any cell selection.

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Cell Selection (Cont.)� Two types of cell selection:

� Initial cell selection

� If no cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts this

procedure.

� Stored information cell selection

� If cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts this

procedure.

� Initial cell selection: If no cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts the initial cell selection. For this procedure, the UE need not know in advance which Radio Frequency (RF) channels are UTRA bearers. The UE scans all RF channels in the UTRA band according to its capabilities to find a suitable cell of the selected PLMN. On each carrier, the UE need only search for the strongest cell. Once a suitable cell is found, this cell shall be selected.

� Stored information cell selection: For this procedure, the UE need know the central frequency information and other optional cell parameters that are obtained from the measurement control information received before, such as scrambling codes. After this procedure is started, the UE selects a suitable cell if it finds one. Otherwise, the "Initial cell selection" procedure is triggered.

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Cell Selection Criteria

minqualqualmeasqual QQS −=

oncompensatirxlevrxlevmeasrxlev PQQS −−= min

� Criterion S is used by the UE to judge whether the cell is

suitable to camped on.

� Criterion S : Srxlev > 0 & Squal > 0, where:

� If the pilot strength and quality of one cell meet S criteria, UE will stay in this cell and get other system information. Then, UE will initiate a location update registration process.

� If the cell doesn’t satisfy S criteria, UE will get adjacent cells information from SIB11. Then, UE will judge weather these cells satisfy S criteria. If the adjacent cell is suitable, UE will stay in the adjacent cell.

� If no cell satisfies S criteria, UE will take the area as dead zone and continue the PLMN selection and reselection procedure.

Max�UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH-P_MAX�0�, dBmPcompensation

Maximum TX power level an UE may use when accessing the cell on RACH (read in system information) (dBm)

UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH

Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm)P_MAX

Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm)Qrxlevmin

Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB)Qqualmin

Measured cell RX level value. This is received signal, CPICH RSCP for current cells (dBm)

Qrxlevmeas

Measured cell quality value. The quality of the received signal expressed in CPICH Ec/N0 (dB) for current cell

Qqualmeas

Cell RX level value (dBm)Srxlev

Cell quality value (dB)Squal

ExplanationParameters

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Parameters of Criterion S� QUALMEAS

� Parameter name: Cell Sel-reselection quality measure

� Recommended value: CPICH_ECNO

� QQUALMIN

� Parameter name: Min quality level

� Recommended value: -18, namely -18dB

� QUALMEAS� Parameter name: Cell Sel-reselection quality measure � Value range: CPICH_ECNO(CPICH Ec/N0),CPICH_RSCP(CPICH RSCP)� Physical unit: None.� Content: Cell selection and reselection quality measure, may be set to CPICH Ec/N0

or CPICH RSCP.� Recommended value: CPICH_ECNO.

� QQUALMIN� Parameter name: Min quality level� Value range: -24~0� Physical value range: -24~0; step: 1� Physical unit: dB� Content: The minimum required quality level corresponding to CPICH Ec/No. The UE

can camp on the cell only when the measured CPICH Ec/No is greater than the value of this parameter.

� Recommended value: -18� Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST

CELLSELRESEL, and modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.

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Parameters of Criterion S (Cont.)� QRXLEVMIN

� Parameter name: Min Rx level

� Recommended value: -58, namely -115dBm

� MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWER

� Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX power

� Recommended value: 21, namely 21dBm

� QRXLEVMIN� Parameter name: Min Rx level� Value range: -58~-13.� Physical value range: -115~-25; step: 2 (-58:-115; -57:-113; ..., -13:-25 ).� Physical unit: dBm.� Content: The minimum required RX level corresponding to CPICH RSCP. The UE can

camp on the cell only when the measured CPICH RSCP is greater than the value of this parameter.

� Recommended value: -58. � Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST

CELLSELRESEL, and modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.� MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWER

� Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX power � Value range: -50~33 � Physical value range: -50~33; step: 1� Physical unit: dBm� Content: The maximum allowed uplink transmit power of a UE in the cell, which is

related to the network planning. Content: Allowed maximum power transmitted on RACH in the cell. It is related to network planning.

� Recommended value: -21� Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST


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Cell Reselection� After selecting a cell and camping on it, the UE periodically

searches for a better cell according to the cell reselection

criteria. If finding such a cell, the UE selects this cell to

camp on.

� UE should monitor the quality of current cell and neighbor cells in order to camp on the better cell to initiate service. The better cell is the most suitable one for the UE to camp on and obtain services. The QoS of this cell is not necessarily more satisfying.

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Measurement Start Criteria� Intra-frequency measurement

Squal � Sintrasearch

�

Qqualmeas � Qqualmin � Sintrasearch

�

Qqualmeas � Qqualmin + Sintrasearch

� Parameters of the measurement start criteria

Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB) .Qqualmin

Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-RAT cell reselection, compared with Squal.

SsearchRATm

Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-frequency cell reselection, compared with Squal.

Sintersearch

Measurement threshold for UE to trigger intra-frequency cell reselection, compared with Squal.

Sintrasearch


DescriptionName

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Measurement Start Criteria (Cont.)� Inter-frequency measurement

Squal � Sintersearch

�

Qqualmeas � Qqualmin � Sintersearch

�

Qqualmeas � Qqualmin + Sintersearch




SsearchRATm


Sintersearch


Sintrasearch


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Measurement Start Criteria (Cont.)� Inter-RAT measurement

Squal � SsearchRATm

�

Qqualmeas � Qqualmin � SsearchRATm

�

Qqualmeas � Qqualmin + SsearchRATm




SsearchRATm


Sintersearch


Sintrasearch


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Parameters of Measurement Start Criteria

� IDLESINTRASEARCH

� Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for idle

mode

� Recommended value: None

� CONNSINTRASEARCH

� Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for

connected mode


� IDLESINTRASEARCH� Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode � Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .� Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2. � Physical unit: dB.� Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the quality

(CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.

� Recommended value: None. � Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST

CELLSELRESEL, and modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.� CONNSINTRASEARCH

� Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for connected mode � Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .� Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2. � Physical unit: dB� Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When the

quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.

� Recommended value: None.� Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST


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� IDLESINTERSEARCH

� Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for idle

mode


� CONNSINTERSEARCH

� Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for

connected mode


� IDLESINTERSEARCH� Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode � Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .� Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2. � Physical unit: dB.� Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the quality

(CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.


CELLSELRESEL, and modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.� CONNSINTERSEARCH

� Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for connected mode � Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .� Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2. � Physical unit: dB� Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When the

quality (CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.

� Recommended value: None.� Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST


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� SSEARCHRAT

� Parameter name: Inter-RAT cell reselection threshold


� SSEARCHRAT� Parameter name: Inter-RAT cell reselection threshold � Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .� Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2. � Physical unit: dB.� Content: A threshold for inter-RAT cell reselection. When the quality (CPICH Ec/No

measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-RAT cell reselection procedure will be started.



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Measurement Start Criteria Description

� The intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT measurement criteria are as shown in the figure.

� Usually, Sintrasearch > Sintersearch > SsearchRATm

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Cell Reselection Criteria� Criterion R is used for intra-frequency, inter-frequency cells

and inter-RAT cell reselection.

� The cell-ranking criterion R is defined by :

nsoffsetnmeasn QQR,, −=

hystssmeass QQR += ,

� The cells are ranked according to R criteria specified above ,deriving QQmeas,nmeas,n and QQmeas,smeas,s and calculating R value.

� In Rs, s means serving cell. In Rn, n means neighbor cell.� The offset Qoffset1s,n is used for Qoffsets,n to calculate Rn. The hysteresis Qhyst1s is used

for Qhysts to calculate Rs. � If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, the UE shall reselect that TDD or GSM cell.� If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection and

reselection is set to CPICH RSCP, the UE shall reselect that FDD cell.� If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection and

reselection is set to CPICH Ec/N0, the UE shall perform a second ranking of the FDD cells according to the R criteria specified above. In this case, however, the UE uses the measurement quantity CPICH Ec/N0 for deriving the Qmeas,n and Qmeas,s and then calculating the R values of the FDD cells. The offset Qoffset2s,n is used for Qoffsets,n to calculate Rn, the hysteresis Qhyst2s is used for Qhysts to calculate Rs.

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Hysteresis and Time Interval

TimeTreselection

Quality

Rn

Rs

Qmeas,n

Qmeas,s

Qhyst,s

Qoffsets,n

� In all the previous cases, the UE can reselect a new cell only when the following conditions are met:

� The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval Treselection.� More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.

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Parameters of Criterion R� IDLEQHYST1S

� Parameter name: Hysteresis 1 for idle mode

� Recommended value: 2, namely 4dB

� CONNQHYST1S

� Parameter name: Hysteresis 1 for connect mode

� Recommended value: 2, namely 4dB

� IDLEQHYST1S� Parameter name: Hysteresis 1 for idle mode � Value range: 0~20.� Physical value range: 0~40; step: 2.� Physical unit: dB.� Content: The hysteresis value in idle mode for serving FDD cells in case the quality

measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is related to the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.

� Recommended value: 2. � Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST

CELLSELRESEL, and modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.� CONNQHYST1S

� Parameter name: Hysteresis 1 for connected mode � Value range: 0~20.� Physical value range: 0~40; step: 2.� Physical unit: dB.� Content: The hysteresis value in connect mode for serving FDD cells in case the

quality measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is related to the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.



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Parameters of Criterion R (Cont.)� IDLEQHYST2S

� Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for idle mode

� Recommended value: Qhyst1s for idle mode

� CONNQHYST2S

� Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for connected mode

� Recommended value: Qhyst1s for connected mode.

� IDLEQHYST2S� Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for idle mode � Value range: {{0~20},{255}} .� Physical value range: 0~40; step: 2.� Physical unit: dB.� Content: The hysteresis value in idle mode for serving FDD cells in case the quality

measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. It is related to the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter. It is optional. If it is not configured, [Hysteresis 1] will be adopted as the value.

� Recommended value: Qhyst1s for idle mode . � Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and

modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.� CONNQHYST2S

� Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for connected mode � Value range: {{0~20},{255}} .� Physical value range: 0~40; step: 2.� Physical unit: dB.� Content: The hysteresis value in connect mode for serving FDD cells in case the quality

measurement for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is related to the slow fading feature of the area where the cell is located. The greater the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.

� Recommended value: Qhyst1s for connected mode. . � Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and

modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.

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Parameters of Criterion R (Cont.)� TRESELECTIONS

� Parameter name: Reselection delay time

� Recommended value: 1, namely 1s.

� TRESELECTIONS� Parameter name: Reselection delay time � Value range: 0~31 .� Physical value range: 0~31; step: 1. � Physical unit: s.� Content: If the signal quality of a neighboring cell is better than the serving cell during

the specified time of this parameter, the UE will reselect the neighboring cell. It is used to avoid ping-pong reselection between different cells. Note: The value 0 corresponds to the default value defined in the protocol.



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Parameters of Criterion R (Cont.)� IDLEQOFFSET1SN

� Parameter name: IdleQoffset1sn

� Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB.

� CONNQOFFSET1SN

� Parameter name: ConnQoffset1sn


� IDLEQOFFSET1SN� Parameter name: IdleQoffset1sn � Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is

in idle mode � Value range: -50 to +50 .� Physical value range: -50 to +50; step: 1. � Physical unit: dB.� Content: This parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The larger the value of this

parameter, the lower the probability of neighboring cell selection. � Recommended value: 0. � Set this parameter through ADD INTRAFREQNCELL / ADD INTERFREQNCELL, query it

through LST INTRAFREQNCELL / LST INTERFREQNCELL, and modify it through MOD INTRAFREQNCELL / MOD INTERFREQNCELL.

� CONNQOFFSET1SN� Parameter name: ConnQoffset1sn � Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is

in connected mode � Value range: -50 to +50 .� Physical value range: -50 to +50 ; step: 1. � Physical unit: dB.� Content: This parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The larger the value of this



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Parameters of Criterion R (Cont.)� IDLEQOFFSET2SN

� Parameter name: IdleQoffset2sn


� CONNQOFFSET2SN

� Parameter name: ConnQoffset2sn


� IDLEQOFFSET2SN� Parameter name: IdleQoffset2sn � Offset of cell CPICH Ec/No measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is in

idle mode � Value range: -50 to +50 .� Physical value range: -50 to +50; step: 1. � Physical unit: dB.� Content: This parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The larger the value of this



� CONNQOFFSET2SN� Parameter name: ConnQoffset2sn � Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is

in connected mode � Value range: -50 to +50 .� Physical value range: -50 to +50 ; step: 1. � Physical unit: dB.� Content: This parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The larger the value of this



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5. Paging Procedure

6. Access Procedure

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N-35


Location Registration� The location registration includes:

� Location update (for non-GPRS)

� Route update (for GPRS)

� The location registration is used for the PLMN to trace the current status of the UE and to ensure that the UE is connected with the network when the UE does not perform any operation for a long period.

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Periodic Location Registration� Periodic location registration is controlled by a Periodic

Location Update timer (T3212) or a Periodic Routing Area

Update timer (T3312)

� Periodic location registration may be used to periodically notify the network of the availability of the UE.

� T3212 is for non-GPRS operation� T3312 is for GPRS operation

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Parameters of Location Registration

� T3212

� Parameter name: Periodical location update timer [6min]

� Recommended value: 10, namely 60min

� ATT

� Parameter name: Attach/detach indication

� Recommended value: ALLOWED

� T3212� Parameter name: Periodical location update timer [6min] � Value range: 0~255. � Physical unit: 6 min.� Content: This parameter indicates the time length of the periodical location update.

Periodical location update is implemented by MS through the location update procedure. 0: The periodical update procedure is not used. This parameter is valid only when [CN domain ID] is set as CS_DOMAIN.

� Recommended value: 10. � Set this parameter through ADD CNDOMAIN, query it through LST CNDOMAIN,

modify it through MOD CNDOMAIN.� ATT

� Parameter name: Attach/detach indication� Value range: NOT_ALLOWED, ALLOWED . � Content: NOT_ALLOWED indicates that MS cannot apply the IMSI attach/detach

procedure. ALLOWED indicates that MS can apply the IMSI attach/detach procedure. This parameter is valid only when [CN domain ID] is set as CS_DOMAIN.

� Recommended value: ALLOWED. � Set this parameter through ADD CNDOMAIN, query it through LST CNDOMAIN,

modify it through MOD CNDOMAIN.

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5. Paging Procedure

6. Access Procedure

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Paging Initiation � CN initiated paging

� Establish a signaling connection

� UTRAN initiated paging

� Trigger the cell update procedure

� Trigger reading of updated system information

� For CN originated paging:� In order to request UTRAN connect to UE, CN initiates the paging procedure,

transmits paging message to the UTRAN through Iu interface, and UTRAN transmits the paging message from CN to UE through the paging procedure on Uu interface, which will make the UE initiate a signaling connection setup process with the CN.

� For UTRAN originated paging:� When the cell system message is updated: When system messages change, the

UTRAN will trigger paging process in order to inform UE in the idle, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state to carry out the system message update, so that the UE can read the updated system message.

� UE state transition: In order to trigger UE in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state to carry out state transition (for example, transition to the CELL_FACH state), the UTRAN will perform a paging process. Meanwhile, the UE will initiate a cell update or URA update process, as a reply to the paging.

Course Name


N-40


Paging Type 1� If UE is in CELL_PCH,URA_PCH or IDLE state�the paging

message will be transmitted on PCCH with paging type 1CN RNC1 RNC2 NODEB1.1 NODEB2.1 UE

RANAPRANAP

RANAP RANAP

PCCH: PAGING TYPE 1

PAGING

PAGING

PCCH: PAGING TYPE 1

� Paging type 1:� The message is transmitted in one LA or RA according to LAI or RAI.� After calculating the paging time, the paging message will be transmitted at that time� If UE is in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the UTRAN transmits the paging

information in PAGING TYPE 1 message to UE. After received paging message, UE performs a cell update procedure to transit state to CELL_FACH.

� As shown in the above figure, the CN initiates paging in a location area (LA), which is covered by two RNCs. After receiving a paging message, the RNC searches all the cells corresponding to the LAI, and then calculates the paging time, at which it will send the PAGING TYPE 1 message to these cells through the PCCH.

Course Name


N-41


Paging Type 2� If UE is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state�the paging

message will be transmitted on DCCH with paging type 2CN SRNC UE

RANAPRANAP

PAGING

RRCRRCDCCH: PAGING TYPE 2

� Paging type 2:� If UE is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state�the paging message will be transmitted

on DCCH with paging type 2� The message will be only transmitted in a cell

� As shown in the above figure, if the UE is in the CELL_-DCH or CELL_FACH state, the UTRAN will immediately transmit PAGING TYPE 2 message to the paged UE on DCCH channel.

Course Name


N-42


Typical Call Flow of UE UE NAS UE AS NSS MSC

paging

AUTHENTICATION REQUEST

AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE

RR_SECURITY_CONTROL_REQ

(IK CK)

Security mode control

SETUP

CALL CONFIRM

ALERT

CONNECT

CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE

RAB setup process

paging

RR_EST_REQ (PAGING RESPONSE)

RR_PAING_IND

INITIAL_DIRECT_TRANSFER

(PAGING RESPONSE)

RANAPRANAP

RRC setup process

� Many problems will cause the target UE cannot receive the paging message properly� Power setting of paging channel is unreasonable.� Unreasonable paging strategies will result in paging channel congestion, which can

cause paging message loss.� Paging parameter is unreasonable� Equipment fault

Course Name


N-43


DRX Procedure� UE receives the paging indicator on PICH periodically, that

is the Discontinuous Reception (DRX)

� The value for the DRX paging cycle length is determined as

follows: :

DRX Cycle Length � (2^K)�PBP frames

� In idle mode, the UE can monitor the paging in two modes: one is to decode SCCPCH directly every 10ms, the other is to decode the PICH periodically. The second one is the DRX, which is Discontinuous Reception Mechanism.

� The paging period formula:� DRX Cycle Length � (2^K)*PBP frames� K is the “CN domain specific DRX cycle length coefficient”, which is broadcasted in

SIB1. The typical value is 6. � PBP is paging block period, which is 1 for FDD mode� The paging period should be 640ms if K is 6

Course Name


N-44


DRX Procedure (Cont.)� Through DRX, UE only listens to PICH at certain predefined

time. And UE will read the paging information on SCCPCH if

the paging indicator is 1.

� The value of the Paging Occasion is determined as follows:

Paging Occasion (CELL SFN) =

{(IMSI mod M) mod (DRX cycle length div PBP)} * PBP

+ n * DRX cycle length + Frame Offset

� Paging SFN formula:� Paging Occasion (CELL SFN) = {(IMSI mod M) mod (DRX cycle length div PBP)}

*PBP + n *DRX cycle length + Frame Offset� n =0, 1, 2……and the requirement is the calculated CELL SFN must be below its

maximum value 4096 � Frame Offset is 0 for FDD mode� M is the number of SCCPCH which carries PCH, and the typical value is 1� The formula cloud be simplified as: SFN = IMSI mod (2^K) + n * (2^K)

Course Name


N-45


DRX Procedure (Cont.)

( )( )( ) NpNpSFNSFNSFNSFNPIq mod144

144mod512/64/8/18

×+++×+=

� UE must calculate q to know which PI to monitor in one

frame of PICH

� The q value is achieved by the following formula :

� Where, PI = (IMSI div 8192) mod NP

� SFN is the paging occasion of the UE� As shown in the followed figure, the UE needs to monitor the frames (paging occasions)

indicated by the red dots, and then decodes the qth PI of this frame.

��

0

2^K-1

0 4095

��

P I P I P I P I��

��

0 1 q NP-1

One DRX cycle

Course Name


N-46


DRX Procedure (Cont.)

τPICH

Associated S-CCPCH frame

PICH frame containing paging indicator

� Time offset between PICH and S-CCPCH

� The timing relationship between PICH and S-CCPCH is defined by the above figure, and the interval is 3 slots duration (2ms, 7680 chips).

Course Name


N-47


Parameters of DRX� DRXCYCLELENCOEF

� Parameter name: DRX cycle length coefficient

� Recommended value: 6

� PICHMODE

� Parameter name: PICH mode

� Recommended value: V36.

� DRXCYCLELENCOEF� Parameter name: DRX cycle length coefficient � Value range: 6~9 .� Content: This parameter is broadcasted on SIB1. This parameter is used when a UE is

in idle mode. � Recommended value: 6. � Set this parameter through ADD CNDOMAIN, query it through LST CNDOMAIN, and

modify it through MOD CNDOMAIN.� PICHMODE

� Parameter name: PICH mode � Value range: V18, V36, V72, V144 .� Physical value range: 18, 36, 72, 144 . � Content: Indicating the number of PIs contained in each frame on the PICH. � Recommended value: V36 . � Set this parameter through ADD PICH, query it through LST PICH.

Course Name


N-48


Parameters of DRX� MACCPAGEREPEAT

� Parameter name: Number of page re-TX


� MACCPAGEREPEAT� Parameter name: Number of page re-TX � Number of retransmissions of paging message � Value range: 0~2 .� Content: If the number of retransmissions of paging message exceeds this parameter

value, retransmissions stop. � Recommended value: 1. � Set this parameter through SET WFMRCFGDATA, query it through LST

WFMRCFGDATA.

Course Name


N-49






5. Paging Procedure

6. Access Procedure

Course Name


N-50


Two Working Mode of UE� Idle mode

� After turning on, UE will stay in idle mode

� Connected mode

� UE will switch to connected mode which could be CELL_FACH

state or CELL_DCH state from the idle mode

� After releasing RRC connection, UE will switch to the idle

mode from the connected mode

� The most important difference between idle mode and connected mode is whether UE has RRC connection with UTRAN or not.

� In idle mode, UE will be identified by IMSI, TMSI or PTMSI and so on.� In connected mode, UE will be identified by URNTI (UTRAN Radio Network Temporary

Identity), which is the ID of one RRC connection.

Course Name


N-51


Random Access Procedure� Definition

� Random access procedure is initiated by UE in order to get

service from the system. Meanwhile, the access channels are

allocated to the UE by system

� This process may happen in the following scenarios:� Attach and detach� LA update and RA update� Signaling connection for services

Course Name


N-52


Random Access Channel

AICH accessslots

10 ms

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4τp-a

#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4

PRACHaccess slots

SFN mod 2 = 0 SFN mod 2 = 1

10 ms

Access slot set 1 Access slot set 2

� Definition

� UE will transmit the preamble at the access time slot� Each 20ms access frame is composed of two 10ms radio frames, which is divided into 15

access time slot, and 5120 chips for each slot� The PRACH access slots, AICH access slots and their time offset are showed in the above

figure

Course Name


N-53


RACH Sub-Channels

1413121110987210765436

14131211109855432107648141312111093

7654321021110981413121

76543210011109876543210

Random access sub-channels numberSFN mod 8

� The access slots of different RACH sub-channels are

illustrated by the following table

� A RACH sub-channel defines a sub-set of the total set of uplink access slots. There are a total of 12 RACH sub-channels.

Course Name


N-54


Access Service Class� The PRACH resources can be classified into several ASCs,

so as to provide RACH applications with different priorities.

� For Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode, the PRACH resources include access timeslots and preamble signatures, which can be classified into several ASCs, so as to provide RACH applications with different priorities.

� The ASCs range from 0 to 7, and the quantity of ASCs is 8. "0" indicates the highest priority and "7" indicates the lowest priority.

� The system will assign random access sub-channels and signatures according to the ASC (Access Service Class ) of UE.

� Set ASC of PRACH through ADD PRACHASC, modify it through MOD PRACHASC, and remove it through RMV PRACHASC.

Course Name


N-55


Access Control � “Access Control” is used by network operators to prevent

overload of radio access channels under critical conditions.

� Access class 0~Access Class 9

� Access class 11~Access Class 15

� Access class 10

� The access class number is stored in the SIM/USIM.� Access class 0~9 are allocated to all the users. And the 10 classes show the same priority.� Access class 11~15 are allocated to specific high priority users as follows. (The enumeration is

not meant as a priority sequence): � Access class 15: PLMN staff � Access class 14: users subscribing to emergency services � Access class 13: public organizations � Access class 12: users subscribing to security services � Access class 11: users responsible for PLMN management

� Access Class 10 indicates whether or not network access for Emergency Calls is allowed for UEs with access classes 0 to 9 or without an IMSI. For UEs with access classes 11 to 15, Emergency Calls are not allowed if both "Access class 10" and the relevant Access Class (11 to 15) are barred. Otherwise, Emergency Calls are allowed.

Course Name


N-56


Mapping between AC and ASC� The AC-ASC mapping information is optional and used for

the System Information Block 5 (SIB5) only.

� Set the mapping between AC and ASC through ADD PRACHACTOASCMAP, modify it through MOD PRACHACTOASCMAP, and remove it through RMV PRACHACTOASCMAP.

Course Name


N-57

START

Choose a RACH sub channel fromavailable ones

Get available signatures

Set Preamble Retrans Max

Set Preamble_Initial_Power

Send a preamble

Check the corresponding AI

Increase message part power by p-m based on preamble power

Set physical status to be RACHmessage transmitted Set physical status to be Nack

on AICH received

Choose a access slot again

Counter> 0 & Preamblepower-maximum allowed power

<6 dB

Choose a signature and increase preamble transmit power

Set physical status to be Nackon AICH received

Get negative AI

No AI

Report the physical status to MAC

END

Get positive AI

The counter of preamble retransmit Subtract-1, Commanded preamble

power increased by Power Ramp Step

N

Y

Send the corresponding message part

Random Access Procedure

Course Name


N-58

� Physical random access procedure� 1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access slot set, for the set of

available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC. Randomly select one access slot among the ones previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot corresponding to the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC from the next access slot set. Therandom function shall be such that each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal probability

� 2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures within the given ASC

� 3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_ Retrans_ Max� 4. Set the parameter Commanded Preamble Power to Preamble_Initial_Power� 5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot, signature, and preamble

transmission power� 6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI ≠ +1 nor –1) corresponding to the

selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot:

� A: Select the next available access slot in the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC

� B: select a signature� C: Increase the Commanded Preamble Power� D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If the Preamble Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from step 6. Otherwise exit the physical random access procedure

� 7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot, exit the physical random access procedure Signature

� 8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is detected , Transmit the random access message three or four uplink access slots after the uplink access slot of the last transmitted preamble

� 9. Exit the physical random access procedure

Course Name


N-59


RRC Connection Message

� Typical RRC connection messages� RRC_CONNECTION_REQUEST

� RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP

� RRC_CONNECTION_SETUP_COMPLETE

� RRC_CONNECTION_RELEASE

� When a UE needs network service, it first sets up RRC connection as follows:� The UE sends a RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message from the cell where it

camps to the RNC.� The RNC allocates related resources for the UE and sends an RRC CONNECTION

SETUP message to the UE.� The UE sends a RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE message to the RNC. The

RRC connection setup ends.

Course Name


N-60


UE Timers and Constants in Idle Mode

� T300

� Parameter name: Timer 300 [ms]

� Recommended value: D2000, namely 2000ms

� N300

� Parameter name: Constant 300


� T300� Parameter name: Timer 300[ms] � Value range: D100, D200, D400, D600, D800, D1000, D1200, D1400, D1600, D1800,

D2000, D3000, D4000, D6000, D8000 . � Physical value range: 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000,

3000, 4000, 6000, 8000� Physical unit: ms� Content: T300 is started after the UE transmits the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST

message and stopped after the UE receives the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message. RRC CONNECTION REQUEST resents upon the expiry of the timer if V300 less than or equal to N300. Otherwise, the UE enters idle mode.

� Recommended value: D2000. � Set this parameter through SET IDLEMODETIMER, query it through SET

IDLEMODETIMER.� N300

� Parameter name: Constant 300 � Value range: 0~7 .� Content: Maximum number of retransmission of RRC CONNECTION REQUEST . � Recommended value: 3. � Set this parameter through SET IDLEMODETIMER, query it through SET

IDLEMODETIMER.

Course Name


N-61


UE Timers and Constants in Idle Mode

� T312

� Parameter name: Timer 312 [s]

� Recommended value: 6, namely 6s

� N312

� Parameter name: Constant 312

� Recommended value: D1, namely 1

� T312� Parameter name: Timer 312[s] � Value range: 1~15 . � Physical value range: 1~15s� Physical unit: s� Content: T312 is started after the UE starts to establish a DCH and stopped when the

UE detects N312 consecutive "in sync" indications from L1. It indicates physical channel setup failure upon the expiry of the timer.

� Recommended value: 6. � Set this parameter through SET IDLEMODETIMER, query it through SET

IDLEMODETIMER.� N312

� Parameter name: Constant 312 � Value range: D1, D2, D4, D10, D20, D50, D100, D200, D400, D600, D800, D1000 .� Physical value range: 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000� Content: Maximum number of consecutive "in sync" indications received from L1. . � Recommended value: D1. � Set this parameter through SET IDLEMODETIMER, query it through SET

IDLEMODETIMER.

Course Name


N-62


RRC Connection Establish Channel Type and Bit Rate� RRCCAUSE

� Parameter name: Cause of RRC connection establishment

� Recommended value: none

� SIGCHTYPE

� Parameter name: Channel type for RRC establishment

� Recommended value: none

� RRCCAUSE� Parameter name: Cause of RRC connection establishment � Value range: ORIGCONVCALLEST, ORIGSTREAMCALLEST, ORIGINTERCALLEST,

ORIGBKGCALLEST, ORIGSUBSTRAFFCALLEST, TERMCONVCALLEST, TERMSTREAMCALLEST, TERMINTERCALLEST, TERMBKGCALLEST, EMERGCALLEST, INTERRATCELLRESELEST, INTERRATCELLCHGORDEREST, REGISTEST, DETACHEST, ORIGHIGHPRIORSIGEST, ORIGLOWPRIORSIGEST, CALLREEST, TERMHIGHPRIORSIGEST, TERMLOWPRIORSIGEST, TERMCAUSEUNKNOWN, DEFAULTEST.

� Content: The cause of Rrc connection establishment. . � Recommended value: none. � Set this parameter through SET RRCESTCAUSE, query it through LST

RRCESTCAUSE.� SIGCHTYPE

� Parameter name: Channel type for RRC establishment � Value range: FACH, DCH_3.4K_SIGNALLING, DCH_13.6K_SIGNALLING. � Content: FACH indicates that the RRC is established on the common channel.

DCH_3.4K_SIGNALLING indicates that the RRC is established on the dedicated channel of 3.4 kbit/s. DCH_13.6K_SIGNALLING indicates that the RRC is established on the dedicated channel of 13.6 kbit/s. .

� Recommended value: none. � Set this parameter through SET RRCESTCAUSE, query it through LST

RRCESTCAUSE.

Course Name


N-63


RRC Connection Establish Channel Type and Bit Rate� INTRAMEASCTRL

� Parameter name: IntraMeas Ctrl Ind for RRC establishment

� Recommended value: SUPPORT

� INTRAMEASCTRL� Parameter name: IntraMeas Ctrl Ind for RRC establishment � Value range: NOT_SUPPORT, SUPPORT. � Content: NOT_SUPPORT indicates that the Intrafreq measurement control message

will be send in RRC Connection Establishment. SUPPORT indicates that the Intrafreqmeasurement control will not be send in RRC Connection Establishment.

� Recommended value: SUPPORT . � Set this parameter through SET RRCESTCAUSE, query it through LST

RRCESTCAUSE.

Course Name


N-64

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03 Huawei UE Behaviors in Idle Mode

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