02 optical fiber-waveguides
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Transcript of 02 optical fiber-waveguides
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Optical Fiber Waveguides
SYED AHSAN RAZA
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Overview of ContentsIntroduction
Ray Theory Transmission
Electromagnetic Mode Theory for Optical Propagation
Cylindrical Fiber
Single Mode Fibers
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Introduction-Optical WaveguidesPhysical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in
optical spectrum
Optical Fibers
Rectangular Waveguides
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Introduction-Classification of Optical Waveguides
Classification by GeometryPlanarStrip
Classification by Mode StructureSingle ModeMulti Mode
Classification by Refractive Index DistributionStep IndexGradient Index
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Purification of Materials in Optical Fiber
Proposals by Kao and Hockham in 1966 to utilize Optical Fiber as communication medium (Loss>1000 dB/km)
Conventional glass refining techniques used to bring optical fibers losses down to 4.2 dB/km
Further research in glass refining processes allowed fiber manufacturing with losses below 1dB/km(Operation in 0.8-0.9 μm)
Reduced signal dispersion and lower losses found in operation at longer wavelengths (1.1-1.6 μm)
At 1.55 μm high performance fibers exhibited losses to the tune of 0.2 dB/km
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Total Internal Reflection
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Total Internal Reflection
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Snell’s Law of Refraction
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Transmission of light in Optical Fiber
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Acceptance Angle
Maximum angle to the axis at which light may enter the fiber in order to be propagated
For a fiber with regular cross section, an incident meridional ray greater than the critical angle will continue to be reflected and transmitted inside the fiber
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Acceptance Angle
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Numerical ApertureProvides the relationship between
CoreCladdingAir
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Numerical Aperture
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Numerical Aperture
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Numerical Aperture