本章重点: 酸碱平衡理论 各类酸碱溶液pH值的计算 各类酸碱滴定曲线和指示剂的选择 本章 难 点: 各类酸碱溶液pH值的计算
溶液的酸碱性与 PH
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Transcript of 溶液的酸碱性与 PH
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溶液的酸碱性与 PH
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酸性中性碱性
- lg[H+]
1×10 - 14mol.L - 1≤[H+]≤1mol.L - 1
0 ≤ PH≤14
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PH= - lg[H+]; [H+]=10-PH
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[H+] = 0.001mol.L-1 , PH=
[OH-] = 0.01mol.L-1 , POH= PH=
[H+] = 0.0002mol.L-1 , PH=
[OH-] = 0.05mol.L-1 , POH= PH=
lg2=0.3 ; lg5=0.7
PH=5; [H+] =
PH=12; [OH-] =
PH= - lg[H+]; [H+]=10-PH
POH= - lg[OH-]; [OH-]=10-POH
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PH= - lg[H+]; [H+]=10-PH
强弱酸性 碱性
PH =7
PH 7﹤PH 7﹥
玻璃棒标准比色卡
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1310-15mol2.L-2
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1 、常温下,强酸溶液 HnA ,溶液浓度为 cmol.L-1 , [H+]=_________ mol.L-1,PH=__________________
常温下溶液 PH 计算方法
2 、常温下,强碱溶液 B ( OH ) n, 溶液浓度为 cmol.L-1 , [OH-]=_________ mol.L-1
POH=____________PH=___________
nc-lgnc
nc-lgnc 14-POH
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3 、强酸与强酸混合(不考虑体积变化)
[H+]1V1 + [H+]2V2
V1 + V2
[H+] =
PH = -lg[H+]
4 、强碱与强碱混合(不考虑体积变化) [OH - ]1V1 + [OH - ]2V2
V1 + V2
[OH - ]=
POH =- lg[OH- ]
PH = 14 - POH
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5 、强酸与强碱混合(不考虑体积变化) ( 1 )酸过量:
[H+] =[H+].V ( H+ )- [OH - ].V ( OH-)
V ( H+ ) + V ( OH -)
PH = -lg[H+]
( 2 )碱过量
[OH - ]=
[OH - ].V ( OH -)- [H+].V ( H+ )
V ( H+ ) + V ( OH -) POH =- lg[OH - ] PH = 14 - PO
H
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( 8 ) PH = 13 的强碱溶液与 PH = 2 的强酸溶液混合,所提混合液 PH = 11 ,,则强碱与强酸的体积比是多少?1 : 9
C
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C
D
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2 、规律强酸PH = a
弱酸PH = a
强碱PH = b
弱碱PH = b
稀释 10n
倍PH = a+n
a PH ﹤a+n﹤
PH = b-n
b-n P﹤H b﹤
无论稀释多大倍数,酸溶液不显碱性,碱溶液不显酸性,无限稀释, PH = 7
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CD
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B
D
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A
10 : 1
a+b=14
HA 是弱酸
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