第十四章 核酸和蛋白质的生物合成
description
Transcript of 第十四章 核酸和蛋白质的生物合成
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DNARNA
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(gene)----RNADNA..,,DNADNA
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DNA
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RNA
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1958F.CrickRNA
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DNADNADNADNARNA RNADNARNADNADNADNA
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DNADNADNA
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1.413dNTP(dATP,dGTP,dCTP,dTTP)DNARNA)DNADNADNADNA)RNADNA DNASSBRPA DNAligase)
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DNA4dNTPDNAdNTP 3OH(RNA)5 3DNA
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2.DNA
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(Replicon)::DNA
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50000bp/min3000bp/min
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DNA(1)1958MeselsonStahl14N15NCsClDNA
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DNA(2)1963Cairns3HDNADNA
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19681Kb-2Kb 100-200bpRNA
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DNAdNTP35DNA
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3.DNA(1)(2)(3)
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DNARNADNA35
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RNARNADNARNA(reverse transcriptase, RT) RNADNARNase H RNA/DNA RNADNA DNADNADNA3`5`
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cDNAmRNAmRNADNAmRNADNA(cDNA)cDNA(cDNA library)
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RNADNADNARNARNADNARNARNARNA,RNARNA
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DNARNANTPATPGTPCTPUTPRNA53 DNA DNARNA35
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RNA473RNArRNAtRNA(1)rRNARNase(2)tRNARNAase PRNARNAtRNA3tRNA3CCAOH3mRNA
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RNA(1)rRNA(rRNArRNARNAsnoRNA)rRNA(2)tRNAtRNA(3)mRNAhnRNARNA)
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mRNAhnRNARNA)5 m7G5ppp5 Np-3 poly(A)
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RNARNA 491RNARNARNARNARNARNARNA
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DNADNADNA cDNA4362,45,610,11,13,14 5032,18
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GTP
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TranslationmRNAtRNA,mRNA
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1. 511mRNA5 3(1961) mRNA3
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2.513UAGUGAUAA AUGmRNAtRNA
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mRNA tRNA GTPATP( )Mg2+K+-tRNA
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1.mRNADNAmRNA
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mRNASDAUG10SD16SRNA37AUG
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2.tRNAmRNA3-CCA-tRNA ()
tRNA Phe
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3. 522ribosome (rRNA)
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mRNAAacceptor site)P(donor site ).GTP
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4.tRNA
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1.(-tRNA())2.
mRNAmRNA53NC
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GTP1-tRNAATPGTPGDPGTPGDPGTPGDPGTPGDP
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GGTPGTP GDP
30ATP?
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mRNA
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AUG20 (N)(SRP)(SRP)
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1
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2
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3
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SD3382,79375355162,55373,45,67,8
(origin of replication, ori):DNA 200bp(ori C245 bp)( terminate of replication, ter)DACB23bpTusterminator utilization substance
DNA1Kb-2Kb 100-200bp1964TeminRousRNADNA RNARNADNATeminDRNARNA RNATeminDNARNA1970Temin RouseBaltimore
mRNADNA(cDNA)cDNA(cDNA library): mRNA