1

daniel oqropiriZe

pavle mociquli da

aTeneli filosofosebi

(pavle mociqulis aTenuri dialogis filosofiuri analizi)

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pavle mociqulis msoflmxedveloba da cnobiereba, qristeanuli Teologiis ganmsazRvreli faqtoria. sqolastikuri radikalizmiT aRsavse ganwyoba, mimarTuli filosofiuri azris winaaRmdeg religiuri formirebiT, myari negativiT ibegreba garkveul aspeqtebTan mimarTebaSi, rac pavle mociqlis aTenuri vizitis analizSi ar iZebneba. msoflmxedvelobis dasabuTeba filosofosobaa, xolo filosofia sibrZnis siyvaruls niSnavs. WeSmarit sibrZned Sua saukuneebSi warmodgeba RmerTi, es gansaRvrebaa, erTvari dogmati. “mociqulTa saqmeebSi” aRwerilia pavle mociqulis istoria aTenSi Casvlisas. filosofiis istoriisaTvis sainteresoa imdenad, ramdenadac mociquls uSualo debatebi hqonda stoel da epikurel filosofosebTan. mociqulis mier warmoTqmuli sityvebi mniSvnelovania, rogorc filosofiis istoriisTvis, kerZod Sua saukuneebis periodisTvis, imgvarad qristeanuli TeologiisaTvis. mociqulis aTenuri dialogis analizi, mniSvnelovania codnisa da rwmnis, filosofiis da Teologiis urTierTmimarTebiTi gaanalizebisTvis, TviT mociqulis msoflmxedvelobis da zogadad, medievistikuri

analizisTvis. teqtsSi gamuqebuli SriftiT aRniSnulia citirebebi

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istoriuli aspeqti

yvelaferi Seicvala maSin, rodesac damaskos gzaze damdgari mecnieri, wminda werilis kargi mcodne, ebraeli doqtori, romaeli moqalaqe romelic aqamde qristeanebs devnida qristeanad moiqca - misi saxelia savle tarsoseli da man miiRo saxeli pavle1 – ambobs J. b. diurozeli pavleze, rac konteqsturad evropuli azrovnebis medievistikur modernizebasTan kavSirze miuTiTebs da epoqaluri moTxovnis msoflmxedvelobrivi, iseve, rogorc qristeanu[li, TvalsazrisiTac pavles ganuzomeli adgili ukavia mociqulTa Soris. mas ekuTvnis axali aRTqmis ToTxmeti epistole. masSi Teoriul da dogmatur dasayrdens poulobda mravali patristikosi da sqolastikosi, pavles azrebi uberebelia renesansSic da TviT ganmanaTleblebTanac. “RvTaebriv komedieSi” dante alegieri ambobs :

pavle-es larnaki arCevanisa, caTa samyofels aRitaces,

dee Cvens rwmenas maRliT axali mouvlinos mas dasayrdeni2.

pavles epistolarulma memkvidreobam da “mociqulTa saqmeebSi” aRwerilma istoriam, udidesi gavlena iqonia Sua saukuneebis azrovnebis meTodologiasa da politikur ganwyobaze, sadac xelisufalni RvTisagan movlenilad Seiracxnen3, xolo subieqturma rwmenam4 ganuzomeli mniSvneloba SeiZina.

zogadad axalma aRTqmam Tavis-TavSi gaiazra da ganaaxla cnobierebis sazrisi, misi Seqmna moxda romis imperiis realobaSi, sadac ideologiur mwuxrSi darCenili laTinuri civilizacia, rodesac masTan domicianes da neronis msgavsi imperatorebi ilaSqrebdnen ganviTarebaze, sazogadoeba daeZebda rwmnas, romelic Sewirulis rolSi, mxsnelad unda movlineboda cnobierebas – swored am grZnobidan iyo SesaZlebeli da sxva arsaidan, rom qristeanobis Tavisufali goni Sobiliyo ambobs hegeli. Tavdapirveli qristeanobis, ideologiur realobaSi damkvidrebis potenciali, mxolod romaul kulturas gaaCnda.

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SeuZlebelia qristeanobisaTvis geografiuli aspeqtis gauTvaliswinebloba, Tu sad iSva igi, ra mentalur warsuls flobda igi, sad xdeboda misi pirveladi da Semdgomi realizacia. umTavresi devizi unda asrulebuliyo – saxarebis qadageba mTels msflioSi, rac iudaur reliagias moTxovnilebaSi ar gaaCnda.

pirvel saukuneSi, rodesac romis imperia dapyrobiT omebs axorcielebda da mravalerovn kulturis aTvisebas axdenda sakuTar TavSi, mocemuli periodis azrovnebaSi, sakuTriv romaul filosofiur skolebSi - triaduli swavlebis meTodika dominirebs, romelsac elenizmis ewodeba. filosofiuri skolebi : platonelebi, peripatetikosebi, stoikosebi da epikurelebi aprobirebdnen codnas romis imperiSi. pirvel saukuneTa mijnaze identuri avtoritetiT sargeblobs – senaka, enesidime kronoseli, epiqtete da filon aleqsandrieli.

RmerTisa da adamianis mimarTeba, eTika, moralis gansazRvrebebi – ai ZiriTadi Temebi xsenebul periodSi. filosofia romauli sazogadoebisaTvis arsebobs da sazogadoebrivia filosofiis mniSvneloba, radgan praqtikaSi unda iqnas gamoyenebuli igi. adamiani sakuTar Tavs nel-nela Sordeba, igi eZebs Tavis pirovnebas iluziaSi, sabolood ki, amgvari midrekileba Sua saukuneebSi iqceva ucilobel komponentad, rac warmomqmneli iqneba umravi idolis.

pirvel saukuneTa mijnaze cnobili - platonisti da ebraeli Teologi, filon aleqsandrieli Toras teqstebis egzegezas axdens alegoriuri meTodiT, riTac platonizmi, Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT Teologias ukavSirdeba, rac mis SesaZlebas gamoxatavda.

pireveli saukune reproduqciuli periodia cnobierebisaTvis. magaliTad stoicizmi eladis eris dasasrulis Semdeg, ganaxlebul moralisturi tendenciiT da RmrTis nebaze mindobis gansaRvrebiT axdens filosofiiT, sazogadoebis nugeSs. saxezea stoicizmis religiuri formalizacia. religiuri formalizacia xSiri iyo elinizmis damlevs.

romauli idealis religiur qmnilebis erTobliobaSi ekleqturad modernizdeba RmrTis predikatebis gageba, sadac srulyofilebis magaliTiT

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pirovnebas amecnebs mSvenierebas, simSvides da netarebas. RmerTSi Tanamyofobas da masTan damkvidrebis SesaZleblobas. platonic adreve gansazRvravda suli uxilavi nawili Cveni, keTili da brZeni RvTaebrivisaken midrekilia da miqceulia, masaviT wmida naTelia da uxilavia, [xolo] WeSmariti filosofosi sxeulisaTvis ki ar iRwvis, aramed piriqiT, SeZlebisamebr Tavs aridebs mas da sulisaTvis iRwvis mxolod5.

qristes Tanamdrove senakasTvis, romelmac aseve qristeanTa msgavsad miiRo risxva neronisgan ambobda “kacobriobis ganviTareba jer kidev Sorsaa im donisagan, rom WeSmariteba misawvdomi iyos umravlesobisaTvis. brbos dasturi am mxriv mxolod mis srul ususurobas mowmobs”6. metafizikuri formulireba senakasTan pesimisturia, Tumc misi azri trancedenturTan mimarTebaSi da misgan momdinare neba axlosaa adreuli qristeanuli Teologiis dogmasTan, senakasTvis RmerTi imanenturi7 Zalaa, romelic mizezobrivad marTavs qveyanas, romelsac yvelaferi eqvemdebareba, amitom adamianic unda itandes yovelgvar gaWirvebas, ubedureba ki saTnoebis srulyofis sababia”8. imanenturoba am SemTxvevaSi gulisxmobs RmerTis Sinagaani bunebidan momdinare fizikuri nebis pirovnul mizezobriobas, romelic qveynirebis mkvidrT evlineba. amgvarad ikveTeba senakas xaziT elinuri sazogadoebis sazrisi, sadac misi civiluri nawilis pozicia, zustad amdagvar mdgomareobas iTvaliswinebda azris gaerTianebis TvalsazrisiT.

negatiuri da pesimisturi damokidebuleba, romelic sazogadoebas izidavda religiisaken da mxsnelis moTxovnisken, azrovbriv daxmarebas da sulier nugeSs, romelic sazogadoeba eZebda SvelaSi da xsnaSi – gamovlinda qristeanobaSi.

elinizmis azrovnebaSi dominirebs RmerTSi dabrunebis gza, sadac ganmsazRvreli sulis saTnoebis srulyofaa morCilebis gziT, magram qristeanuli poziciisgan gansxvavebiT stoelebis srulyofa, mxolod codnis miRebis gziT iqneboda ganxorcielebadi, radgan maT axsovdaT didi eladis azrovnebis triumfatoris azri “roca adamianis survili codnis SeZenisa Tu sxva misTana mimarT miaqcevs mas, es siamovnebas aniWebs mis

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suls, xorcieli gancxromisaTvis swrafva ki qreba, Tu, raTqmaunda, is Tavis Tavs ki ar gvaCvenebs sibrZnis moyvared, aramed marTla uyvars sibrZne”9- ambobda platoni saxelmwifoebriv azrSi.

mTel am msoflmxedvelobas erTianobaSi qmnida - epikurizmic, romlis ganxilvac gandegilis rolSi, absoluturad did simcdares Seqmnis pirveli saukunis mijnaze warmoqmnil ideologiur mimarTulebis garkvevisaTvis, rac calmxrivi ganxilva iqneba azris istoriis konkretuli periodis, pavle mociqulis aTenuri vizitis da ideur qmnilebas moaSorebs nawils, romlis aucilebeli komponenti – azris istoriis mTlianobis asaxvaa saerTo ganazrebaSi.

epikurizmi idealizmis kritikis gziT qmnida garemoebaTa im sferos, sadac Zlieri azri imkvidrebda sazogadoebaSi. zemoT Tqmuli azri nagulixmebia stoicizmis romaul ganviTarebaSi, romelic qristeanTa aRmocenebis kvaldakval eZebs gardasaxvis gzebs, axali azrovnebis sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebis saqmeSi.

epikurizmi arsebiTad fundamenturi religiis winaaRmdegia, romlis kritika borotebis religiur gamovlinebaSi povebs dasabams, “TviT religia Sobs borots da sazarel saqmeT”10 – ambobda lukreciusi da is winaaRmdegia iseTi religiis, sadac adamians wiraven cocxlad da RmerTis saxeliT uZlur Cvilebis sisxls avedren TavianT Cadenil codvebs da uflis sadideblad spoben ucodvelTa arsebulebas. amavdroulad, lukreciusi realuri cnebis konsolidirebas axdens sakuTar TavSi, rac mas skepticiszmis saburvelSi axvevs. epikurizmis niSania realuri safuZvelis dacva, romelic xelSesaxebia da arsebobs, misTvis miuRebelia iluziuri warmonaqmni da TvaliT uxilavi Teoriis dajereba, aseve irealuri damokidebuleba sakuTar TavTan, rogorc samyaros nawilTan.

yovelive zemoTqmulis fonze, romis imperiis aRmosavleT nawilSi iRviZebs axali moZraoba, romelic Tavdapirvelad iudaizmisgan Tavs icavda, misi erT-erTi seqtanturi ganStoeba egonaT da mravaljer ganidevna, rogorc aTeizmi. misi saxelia qristeanoba : moralisturi, eTikuri, liberaluri da humanuri moZraoba, romelmac

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poliTeizmi daamarcxa da imperiis oficialur msoflmxedvelobad gamocxadda.

pirvel saukuneebSi zemoTqmuli grZnobebiT da suliskveTebiT aRsavse pavle mociquli Cadis aTenSi, filosofiis qalaqSi, sadac ori udidesi skolaa – platonis akademia da aristoteles mier daarsebuli peripatetikuli skola, aseve moRvaweoben stoelebi da epikurelebi. aTenSi arsebobs sasamarTlo areopagis borcvze. irgvliv RvTaebaTa panTeonebia, sazogadoeba filosofosobs, upirvelesad religiuria. zevsis, poseidonis da sxvaTa Tayvaniscema ucilobeli komponentia sicocxlis sazrisis. amdagvar viTarebaSi mociquli stumrobs qalaqs da uSualo polemikaSi Sedis qalaqis mcxovreblebTan, rac misi mociquleobrivi movaleobac iyo da bunebrivi mdgomareobac.

pavle mociqulis cxovreba magaliTia : gandgomis, uflis wyalobis gamovlinebis, xelTqmnili siborotis azrovnebis gamosyidviT. pavle iyo umowyalo damsjeli, romelmac iamaya stefane mociqulis CaqolviT da monaniebiT miiRo erTguli mociqulis saxeli qristes mimdevrebis. xolo Tavdapirvelad qristeanul moZRvrebas iTxovda kacobrioba, oRond bunebiT da Sucnoblad. mociquli mTeli rigi sarwmunoebriv speqtrSi ganixilavs sarwmunoebis models, romelic eqvemdebareba rwmenas, aseve yuradReba unda mieqces pavles filosofiur msoflmxedvelobas, romlic umetes SemTxvevaSi CrdilqveS dgeba, arada amas xom TviT pavle ayalibebs da qmnis? pavle ki Tavis azrebs RmerTs miawerda, magram rac arsebiTad misi iyo - memkvidreoba, romelmac gansazRvra Sua saukuneebis filosofiis istoria da qristeanuli Teologia.

Sua saukuneebis filosofiis patristikuli periodis gageba, absoluturad SeuZlebelia axali aRTqmis sqemis gacnobierebis gareSe, romlis calkeul avtorobasTan mimarTuli kiTxvebi, mxolod moxsnili iyo pavle mociqulis epistoleebTan mimarTebaSi, ganxvavebiT, sxva mociqulTa nawerebisgan da am kiTxvebs, romelic ukavSirdeboda maT avsTedenturobas, safuZvliani eWvi TviT eklesiis mamebisgan momdinareobda11.

pavle mociqulis misioneruli da evangeluri moRvaweoba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania qristeanuli

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ideologiis gavrcelebis mxriv. ebrauli adaTis mixedviT iudevels ar hqonda ufleba, Sesuliyo cxovel urTierTobaSi araebraelTan. pavles reorganizaciuli moqmedebebi ganmsWvalulia sayovelTao mesianisturi msoflmxedvelobis damkvidrebaSi, sadac araebraelsac misca ufleba monoTeisturi RmerTis msaxurebaSi Camdgariyo.

mociqulis reforma Seexo winadacveTis momentsac, igi erT-erTi mociquli iyo, romelmac absurdulad miiCnia xsenebuli rituali, radgan mTavaria Sesruldes winadacveTis azrSi Cadebuli cnebebi, xolo xorciel gamoxatulebas ar aqvs mniSvneloba. aseve pavle win aRudga ebrael mociqulTa mxridan iudauri adaTebis damkvidrebas, romelic gulisxmobda, meore taZris xanaSi damkvidrebuli wesebis Sesrulebas.

petremde pavle Cadis romSi da mraval saocrebas axdens, aseve mis cxovrebaSive, antikuri sazogadoeba mociqulis adris hermess da cdiloben Seswiron Sesawiravi. pavle ori weli aswavlida tiranusis skolasSi, q. efesoSi, sadac mravali iudeveli da berZeni ismenda mis sityvas.

pavle aTenSi “saqme mociqulTas” istoriaSi pavle mociquli

romamde stumrobs aTens. qalaqSi, sadac filosofias ganusazRvreli mniSvneloba hqonda miniWebuli. xSirad aTeni gaigivebulia filosofiasTan, rac tertulianes mogvagonebs - Tu ra saerTo aqvs aTensa da ierusalims.

aTenSi, pirvel saukuneSi dominirebda platonis akademia da peripatetikuli skola. aseve mniSvnelovan adgils ikavebda stoicizmi da epikurizmi. es iyo filosofiis qalaqi, romelis mniSvneloba da masTan brZola mTels Sua saukuneebs gahyva.

pavle mociquli qalaqSi Cadis iudevelebTan da TavisTavad berZnebTan, misioneruli mcdeloba am qalaqis moqcevisa, filosofiis da Teologiis Sebmis adgilad iqca, romelmac saintereso safuZveli Seqmna - Sua saukuneebis filosofiis safuZvlis gagebisaTvis.

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antikuri filosofiis saxeobrivi adgili aTeni, sadac pavle mociquli Seeba dialogSi stoel da epikurel filosofosebs, umniSvnelovanesia TviT mociqulis msoflmxedvelobis cnobierebis gagebisaTvis, romelsac filofiuri codna moicavda, rogorc dasabuTebis mcdeloba. xolo areopagidan pavlem qristeanul Teologias aCuqa saxeli - dionise areopageli, romlis saxeliT cnobilma nawerebma Seqmnes qristeanuli neoplatoniszmis modeli, riTac mTels maSindel evropas udidesi kvali daemCna areopagituli azrovnebis da masSi mocemuli filosofiur-religiuri formirebis saxiT.

pavles da aTenelebis Tanxvedra, isic aTenSi sibrZnis simbolos qalaqSi, enigmaturi gamoZaxili iyo antikurobis da qristeanobis ideologiis samomavlo SesaZlo konsolidirebis, sadac es orive azri erT miwaze idga adamianuri gonis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. am konkretuli dialogis Semdeg safuZveli daedo filosofiis mimarTulebas, sadac RmerTis trancedentaluri da monoTeisturi cneba gaxda sazomi, adamianTa msjelobis meTodis gansazRvrebaTa sivrceSi – rasac Sua saukuneebis saxeliT vicnobT.

luka mociqulis mowmobiT pavle “aRSfoTda roca ixila, rom mTeli qalaqi kerpebiT iyo savse”saq.17,16, radgan Tu moses rjulis mixedviT, kerpebi adamianTa xeliT qmnili, raRac uazro Tayvaniscemis sagnad aqcevs pirovnebis suls, imdagvarad pirovneba yalibdeba fuWi rwmenis sulismkveTeblad, romelsac mociquli arsebiTad uxilavis rwmenas upirispirebs, iqve ki mianiSnebs, rom “Tu zogierTs ar swamda, gana maTi urwmunoeba gaaqarwylebs RvTis sarwmunoebas?”rom.3,3. umTavresad Sesacnobia is, Tu rogori motiviT gansazRvravs rwmenas mociquli, xolo misi rwmenis struqtura, qristeanul religiaSi or mimarTulebad daiyo : erTi, romelic Tundac absurdis rwmenazec iyos dafuZvnebuli12 da meore gansazRvrebaze damokidebulebiT aRwevs codnisa da rwmenis sinTeziT, cnebis rwmeniT miRebas. xolo orive mimarTulebam netar avgustinesTan hpova gamosavali : “rwmena imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Cven gvwams yvelaferi, rasac ver vxedavT, rwmenis jildoT ki gvevlineba imisi danasxvis SesaZlebloba, rac gvwams”13.

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zogadad kabadokielebis Semdgom, absurdze dafuZvnebuli rwmenis gansazRvreba ar iyos misaRebi, radganac Teologiis, rogorc mecnierebis Camoyalibebis procesSi, ar aris kabadokielebTan gaTvaliswinebuli absurdis cnebaze agebuli sarwmunoeba da absurdze dafuZvnebul rwmenis Semomtans tertulianes, TviT kabadokielebamdec yavda mowinaaRmdege klimenti aleqsandrielis saxiT. ufro manamde ki, qmedebis upirvelesobaze saubrobda iakob mociquli, rodesac saqmis gareSe rwmena ararad iqceoda misTvis. klimenti pavle mociqulis kvals miyveboda rwmenis cnebaSi, romelsac TavisTavad arc surda absurdze agebuliyo qristes moZRvreba, radgan absurdis dajereba TavisTavad, absurdul rwmenas warmoSobs, romlis analogic dagvanaxa luka maxarebelma aTenis magaliTis saxiT, rodesac aRwera pavles STabeWdileba kerpebiT savse qalaqis xilvisas. “mociqulic mogviwodebs, - ambobs klimenti aleqsandrieli – rom Cveni rwmena ar iyos adamianTa sibrZneSi, romlebic romlebic gvpirdebian, rom dagvarwmuneben, aramed RvTis ZalaSi, rac mtkicebaTa gareSe martivad SemZlea acxovnos liToni rwmenis gziT”14. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom pavle aTenSi pirvelad iyo, radgan – misi pirveladi gancda, aRSfoTebis motivs ar SeiZenda qalaqis xilvisas, amgvarad gamoricxulia is mosazreba da miTi, rom pavle aTenSi odesme swavlobda. misi romis moqalaqeobis kvaldakval, savaraudoa, rom igi ecnoboda mowinave swavlebebs imdroinedeli kulturis, romelsac sxva Tu araferi, yurs mainc mohkravda. miTumetes mociqulobamde seriozuli politikuri da religiuri mdgomareoba, aseve sazogadoebrivi reputacia gaaCnda. rwmenaze saubars misdevs luka mociquli, sadac pavle ambobs, rom misi aTenSi yofnis ganmavlobaSi “rwmenaze d.o.] elaparakeboda sinagogebSi iudevelebs da morwmuneebs, gareT ki – imaT, visac yoveldRe xvdeboda moedanze”saq.17,17, morwmuneebs rwmeniT da rwmenis motividan gamomdinare – moZRvrebis WeSmaritebis dasarwmuneblad aTenelebs, romlebsac xvdeboda qalaqis moedanze.

saqme mociqulTaSi xsenebuli moedani, sadac pavle sityvas warmoTqvavda iyo - agora, sadac ikribebodnen

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sazogadoeba safilosofosod, sityvis sasmenlad da misagebad. kargad saxavs luka mociquli qristeanobis dasabamidanve konsolidacias sxvadasxva moZRvrebebis mimarT, am SemTxvevaSi ki unda ganisazRvros pavles sityva warmoTqmuli agoraze.

yuradReba unda mieqces erT garemoebas, rom qristeani avtoritetuli Teologebi, mniSvnelovan prioritets aniWebdnen morwmuneTa cxovel urTierTobas sxvadasxva filosofiuri mimdinareobebTan an maT warmomadgenlebTan da rom am istoriaSi, aramarto aTenelebTan, aramed TviT aleqsandriSi iyo amis upirvelesi niSnebi. raRa niSnebi Tu amaze mogviTxrobs evsebi kesarieli, romelic filon aleqsandrielis nawerebis moSveliebiT, saxavs suraTs qristeanTa mistikuri moRvaweobisa, sadac cxovrobdnen enigmaturi asketuri moRvaweobiT da msjelobdnen alegoriulad.

dilidan saRamomde meTeli drois ganmavlobaSi askeziT arian dakavebuli. kiTxuloben wminda werilebs, filosofosoben da alegoriulad ganmartaven winaparTa filosofias, Tvlian, rom sityvasityviT ganmarteba aris dafaruli bunebis simboloebi, rac gonebis wvdmiT cxadi xdeba. maT aseve aqvT Zveli kacebis nawerebi, romlebic maTi mwvaleblobis damaarseblebi iyvnen da alegoriebSi dafaruli azris Semcveli mravali mosaxsenebeli datoves, romlebsac, rogorc nimuSebs iyeneben da baZaven maTeuli midgomis saxes15 – es mciredi eskizi ekuTvnis platonikos filon aleqsandriels. mis STabeWdilebas qristeanebis Sesaxeb, romelic evsebi kesarielis cnobiT, romSi petre mociqulsac Sexvedria. rac Seexeba aTens, pavlesTan debatebi warmarTes iseTma filosofiurma moZRvrebebis warmomdgenlebma, rogoric iyvnen stoikosebi da epikurebi da SeuZlebelia maT gverdiT ar yofiliyvnen platonikosebi da peripatetikosebi. maT luka mociquli ar axsenebs, magram, Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT aTenis maSindel mdgomareobas SeuZlebelia pavle mociqulis aTenSi yofnis periodSi ar Sexvedroda minimum platonikobs, miTumetes areopagis sasamarTloze.

epikurelebi da stoelebi agoraze

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saqmeebSi lukam mowmobs “zogierTi epikureli da stoeli filosofosi SeekamaTa [pavles d.o]”saq.17,18. SekamaTeba am SemTxvevaSi gardauvali iyo, rogorc ukve iTqva pavle qadagebda rwmenaze, rwmenis mniSvnelobaze, romelic maradiuli sakamaTo Temaa sarwmuneobaSic da mis farglebs gareT. pavlem iqdaga axali msoflmxedveloba, Tanac daufaravad da pirdapir, motivi raTqmaunda misi rwmenis WeSmaritebis gavrceleba iyo, rac antiki sazogadoebis interess daimsaxurebda.

luka ganagrZobs pavles mopasuxeebze – “erTni ambobdnen neta risi Tqma surso am molaybeso, meoreni ki gaiZaxodnen : etyoba ucxo RvTaebebis mqadagebeliao, rakiRa iesosa da aRdgomas axarebda maT”(saq.17, 18), mSvenivrad daalaga lukam maTi moZRvrebebis gamoxatuleba qristeanobis mimarT. erTi warmoTqves epikurelebma, xolo meore stoelebma.

pirveli raTqmaunda epikurelebs ekuTvnodaT sadac iTqva “neta risi Tqma surso am molaybeso”, xolo stoikosebma warmoTqves “etyoba, ucxo RvTaebebis mqadagebeliao, rakiRa iesosa da aRdgomas axarebda maT”. es ori moZRvreba ganirCeva erTmaneTisagan da maTi midgoma gansxvavebulia qristeanobasTan mimarTebaSi, aseve calkeulad unda ganixilos maTi moZRvrebebis midgoma qristeanuli poziciidan, Tu ra aris miuRebeli da ra aris misaRebi qristeanobisaTvis, aseve amgvaradve dahyo lukam stoicizmi da epikurizmi, isini ara erToblivad aramed calkeulad moixsenia. stoelebis da epikurelebis daintereseba pavles mier agoraze warmoTqmuli sityvis, dainteresebis mxriv mniSvnelovania, imdenad rom yuradReba momdinareobs simZafridan, rac mociqulis azrovnebas Tan sdevda.

mravaljer ganxilula stoicizmi da epikurizmi qristeanobis poziciidan, aq ki mizanSewoniladaa warmodgenili zemoTxsenebuli moZRvrebebis saxe, maTi Teologiuri poziciebis gasagebad, aseve zogadi Tvinieri poziciidan da urTierTmimarTeba cnebebisda SeusamobaSi qristeanobasTan mimarTebaSi, aseve amgvari pozicia mniSvnelovnad warmosaCens gaxdis gaazrebas qristeanobis mxiridan, maTi mimRebloba-armimReblobis. am garemoebis warmodgena imdenadaa mniSvnelovani ramdenadac, imaSi wvdoma Tu ra mizeziT da risTvis da ra poziciebidan

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msjelobdnen xsenebuli moZRvrebebi qristeanul Sexedulebebze da maTi moZRvrebebis auxsnelad SeuZlebeli iqneba imis gagegba, Tu ra mizeziT moxda msoflmxedvelobaTa gamijvna da gadakveTa wminda werilis farglebSi. “neta risi Tqma surs am molaybes” Tqves epikurelebma da ratom maincdamainc epikurebma? – epikurizmis mamamTavari iyo epikure samoseli, neoklesa da herestrastes Svili, igi axalgazrdobaSi platonis filosofiis principebs iTvisebda pamfilesTan platonur akademiaSi, qsenokrates sqolarobis dros, yovelive amis Semdgom, igi demokrites atomistikas eziara navsifanesgan. “epikurelTa baRis” damaarsebelma upirveles swavlebad ganawesa eTikuri mimarTulebma, romelic sokratesa da platonis eTikuri koncefciebis konsolodirebas isaxavda miznad Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT, sadac sokratuli codna da qceva erT sazriss emorCileba, e.i. – rogorc vici ise viqcevi da rogor qcevasac vaxorcieleb, iseTi codna maqvs, radgan Teoriuladac da praqtikuladac adamiani misdevs sikeTis umaRles ideals. arsebiTad eTika epikures moZRvrebaSi koordinirdeba Tavisufali individis moqmedebisas. epikures principi ar emorCileba demokrites mkacr bunebriv aucileblobas, xolo meore mxriv platonis zogad adamianurs. epikure am TvalsazrisiT cinikosebis mxares ixreba. epikures gaazrebuli adamianis individualuri grZnoba yofieria, romlisaTvisac sicocxles, qcevasa da codnas azri aqvs mxolod miwier yofierebaSi. metafizikur arsebobaSi misTvis araferi ar arsebobs da es transcedentaluri kocefcia Tavad determinebuli ar aris. epikures swored es Tezisi iwvevs momxiblelobas materialistebTan, adamians swored miwier arsebobaSi aqvs sinamdvilis gagebis saSualeba da Wemaritebis arsebobis sazrianoba, es ki arsebiTad winaaRmdegobrivia pavles Tezisis “am soflis sibrZne ugunurebaa RvTis winaSe”1kor.3,19 da “nuravin daikvexnis adamianiT”.1kor3,21 epikuresaTvis umTavresia subieqti individualuri bunebrivi yofierebiT, xolo pavlesTan individualizmis uaryofis niadagze unda aRmocendes trancedenturTan kavSiri. epikuresTan adamiani bednierebis apogeas aRwevs miwier yofierebaSi, pavlesTan ki RmerTTan myofadobiT,

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anu amsofliuris uaryofis procesis dawyebiT. umTavresad winaaRmdegobrivia pavlesa da epikures moZRvreba, miRmier samyaroSi adamianis sulis arsebobisa, epikuresTan adamiani yovel SegrZnebas kargavs sikvdilis Semdeg, xolo pavles azriT miRmier samyaroSi sworedac rom realuri arsebobaa, raRaTqmaunda RmerTSi myofadobis aRTqmis gaTvaliswinebiT. amgvarad epikure miwier ganviTarebaSi povebs WeSmaritebas, xolo pavle miRmieri samyarosaTvis iRwvis da misTvis isaxavs ganviTarebas rwmeniT da sulis srulyofiT, mizani romelic realur individSi povebs gamoxatulebas. epikures filosofiis erT-erTi ganmsazRvreloba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom adamiani unda ganTavisufldes sami crurwmenisgan, romelic mas Tavis sulSi bednierebis aRmoCenaSi uSlis xels. es mizezebi ki Semdegia : RmerTis arsebobis rwmena da SiSi imisa, Tu ras gviqadis RmerTi samomavlod, sikvdilis faqti da Zrwola sikvdilis winaSe, bunebis stiqiebi da SiSi imisa Tu ra moxdeba xval.

epikure umTavres motivaciad miiCnevs - miRmieris mimarT SiSisgan adamianis ganTavisuflebas, epikure suls ar miiCnevs marad arsebulad, epikuresaTvis viTardeba azri, rom adamianis xorcieli sikvdili aris sulieri sikvdilis dasasrulic. sikvdils ki aRiqvavs borotebad, radgan igi sicocxlis winaaRmdegobrivia, sikvdilis survili ki epikuresaTvis aris borotebis Sewyvetis meTodi. epikures azrovnebaSi daiSveba RmerTis cneba, romelic netaria, mas araviTari sazrunavi ar awuxebs da arc iZulebis meTodiT sargeblobs, rom mas emsaxuron, raime moimoqmedos mis mimarT. RmerTisaTvis ucxoa gulmowyalebac da wyromac, radgan es iqneboda RmerTis sisustis gamovlineba, romelic winaaRmdegobrivia pavles mier gagebuli RmerTis cnebisa, sadac RmerTis Tavis moqmedebas axorcielebs Tavis nebis Sesabamisad. epikurem RmerTi moaTavsa samyarosgan ganridebulad, radgan amis dauSvebloba gamoiwvevda, RmerTis myofadobis mowesrigebul aRiarebas - ciceronis sityviT. aseTi moTodis daSvebiT epikurem moxsna siZnele zemoTqmulisa da amgvarad RmerTis daSveba atomuri sturqturis

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eqvivalent daSvebaSi gaaziara, amgvarad epikurizmSi warmoiSva Tezisi, RmerTebis mospobisa da warmoSobis Sesaxeb. es iyo RmerTis calmxrivi daSveba, romelic iTvaliswinebda mis umeqmedobas subieqtebze da siaxle miTologiur religiur cnobierebaSi. magram f. bekonis marTebuli SeniSvniT _ epikures bralad sdebdnen, saxeli rom ar gastexoda, mxolod amitom TvalTmaqcobda da aRiarebda – arian RvTaebrivi arsebani, mxolodRa sakuTar siameTaTvis rom iRwvian, xolo samyaros gangebamde xeli ar miuwvdebaTo – amiT RvTaebaTa uaryofis braldebas icilebda Tavidan, oRond Tavad RmerTis arsebobas ki uaryofda. magram es siyalbea mis keTilSobil gamonaTqvamSi araferia msgavsi : mkrexeloba is ki araa, roca brbos gamogonili RmerTebis arsebobas uaryof, aramed roca am brbos azrebs RmerTs miawer16. rac Seexeba imas Tu pavles Tanamedrove epikurelebs rogori samoZRvro sistema hqondaT, es TavisTavad viTardeboda epikures moZRvrebidan, romelic did cvalebadobas ar ganicdida. xolo rac Seexeba epikurizmis mwvervals lukrecius, ganxvavdeboda klasikuri epikurezmisgan. romis imperiaSi epikurizmis pirveli gamavrcelebeli iyo filodeme, romelmac sxva moZRvrebebis ganvrcobasTan erTad, epikurizmSi poeturi stilis Semosvlas daudo dasabami, romelsac arsebiTad ewinaaRmdegeboda epikure, radgan mas miaCnda, rom filosofiis gadmocema, mxolod filosofiuri meTodiT unda gadmocemuli da masSi adgili ar unda hqoniyo poetur stils, lukreciusma “saganTa bunebisaTvis” mTlianad poetur stilSi dawera, es iyo erTgvari konsesusi romauli realobis, sadac sazogadoebrivi realoba iTxovda msgavs gadmocemas. lukreciusisaTvis winaaRmdegobrivia religia sazogadoebis keTilSobilebisaTvis, misi religiis uaryofa vrceldeba, antikur religiebze, sadac Cvilebs swiravdnel Tavian binZur saqmeebis gamosyidvis mizminiT, radgan RmerTi maT am SemTxvevaSi miutevebda, aseve qalwul asulTaSewirva da a.S. buneba ki lukreciusTan yovlis Semqmneli da wamomqmelia, amgvarad RmerTi lukreciususaTvis ar arsebobs, radgan materia cocxalia, xolo misTvis

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uxilavi nawilakebi pirobiTi sicarielea bunebaSi, es sicariele yoveli arsis Tanmxlebia. “saganTa bunebisaTvis” materialistur filosofiaSi erTgvari bibliaa, xolo yovelive es da sxva faqtebis gaTvaliswinebiT, raTqmaunda miuRebeli iqneboda pavle mociqulisaTvis, romelic uryev kocefciebs ayalibebda axali religiisaTvis.

swored zemoTqmuli msjelobidan gamomdinare maTi msoflmxedvelobis fonze, swored epikurelebma uTxres pavles agoraze “neta risi Tqma surso am ybedso”saq.17,18, radgan maTTvis miuRebeli iyo es moZRvreba da sworedac mizanSewonilia iTqvas is, rom aranairad Tavsebadi ar aris epikurizmi da qristianoba erTmaneTTan mimarTebaSi. “meoreni ki gaiZaxodnen : etyoba, ucxo RvTaebebis mqadagebeliao, rakiRa iesosa da aRdgomas axarebda maT”saq.17,18 es azri wamoTqmulia stoeli filosofosebis mxridan, aqve unda aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom stoicizmi metad axlos dgas qristeanul moZRvrebasTan, radgan maTi romauli ganviTareba religiuri [potencialis SesaZleblobas atarebs Tvis filosofiur koncefciaSi da koncentrirebulia anTropologiur ganwyobasTan, romelic qristeanulma Teologiam asaxa Tavis moZRvrebaSi, umeteswilad patristikaSi.

stocizmis mimarTeba qristeanul moZrvrebasTan, raTqmaunda - SefardebiTi da ideuri TvalsazrisiT aris nagulisxmebi. stoikuri Tvalsazrisi iyo winasaxe qristeanuli msoflmxedvelobis Semosvlis, romelic imperiis sazogadoebriv relobaSi ganviTarda. amavdroulad isic unda iTqvas, rom stoicizmisgan metad davalebulia, calkeuli Teologebis samoZRvro sistema, romelic moicavs apologetikas da dogmatikas. cnobilia stoikosi panteni aleqsandrieli. stoelTa skola elinizmis epoqas yvelaze naTlad asaxavs, arsebuli periodis sazogadoebriv realobas, naTel da bunebriv gamovlinebebs, sadac procesi viTardeboda, rogorc garemoebaTa gaTvaliswinebis fonze. sxva Tu araferi adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis idea ganimsWvala stoicistur filosofiaSi, sadac mona aRiares da mis subieqtur gamovlinebas mieca sapativsacemo da sakanonmdeblo gamoxatva, sazogadoebis mxriv dakisrebul moqmedebaSi. yovelive aman ki asaxva

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hpova, romis samarTalSi – erTgvari humanurobiT, sadac mzaddeboda gza romis imperiis mxridan qristeanobis miRebisa. stoicizmis damaarsebelia Zenoni kitioneli, romelmac filosofiuri skola daarsa aTenis portikSi, romelic agoraze mdebareobda. skola, darbazis saxiT polignotes freskebiT iyo moxatuli. moxatul darbazs Seerqva saxeli “stoa poikile”, rac moxatul darbazs niSnavs, saidanac warmodga zenonis mier daarsebuli skolis saxelwodeba stoicizmi. stoicizmi Tavis Tavdapirvel ganviTarebaSi iTvlis araerT cnobil Teoretikos : kleanTes(romlis Txzulebidan pavle mociqulma citata moiyvana), qrisiposi, aristonike xioseli, arqedeme, evdemeosi, perseos kitioneli, erileos karTageneli, diogene selevkieli da diogene ptolemaide. stoicizmis romauli ganviTareba umniSvnelovanesia, rogorc sakuTriv stoicizmisTvis, iseve qristeanobisaTvis, romelimac Teologiuri kuTriT, mniSvnelovani safuZveli moumzada religias mieRoT imperialur yofierebaSi. romauli stoicizmis mniSvnelovani warmomadgenlebi arian : panaTios rodoseli, posidoniosi, senaka, epiqtete da imperatori markus avreliusi.

miwieri da zeciuri qalaqis idea, romelic senakam Semoitana, xolo avgustine karTageneli mTeli sicxadiT asaxavs, analogiuri saxelwodobis SromaSi Tavis Sexedulebebs zecasa da miwasTan, anu idealuri da materialiaruli samyaros urTierTmimarTebas.

senaka Tanamedrovea qristeanobis dasabamobisa, senakasTvis RmerTzea damokidebuli yovelive, is yvelgan RmerTs xedavs, oRond ara poliTeisturs, miTumetes panTeisturs. Soba ki ganpirobebulia RmerTiT. RmerTSi vlindeba srulyofileba, radgan igi erTaderTi srulyofili arsia, aseve misTvis adamianSi RvTis suli myofobs da motivacia sikeTis qmniT unda iyos ganpirobebuli. igi Tvlis, rom adamiani yovelTvis sawinaaRmdegos akeTebs da es misTvis Secdomaa, radgan kaci bunebis Tanaxmad unda cxovrobdes da es buneba misTvis netarebiT cxovrebaa, sikeTis qmniT ganpirobebuli. keTilSobileba sxva araferia, Tu ara

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Tandayolili midrekileba siqvelisadmi. goniereba sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara RvTaebrivi sulis nawili adamianis sulSi davanebuli, aseve yvelaze bednieria is, visac ar sWirdeba bedniereba. senaka Tvlida, platonis kvaldakval, rom sikvdili axali da RvTaebrivi sicocxlis sawyisia, misTvis miwieri sicocxle gamocdis Jamia, romelic netarebaSi unda ganvlos. suli sapyrobilea, romelic borotebis qmnisaken aRZravs adamians. stoeli epikteti ki Tvlida, rom yvela adamiani RvTis Svilia, misTvis Tanasworia yvela adamiani, radgan isini erTi sisxlidan momdinareoben, kleanTesis kvaldakval, romelsac aseve pavlec daemowmeba “erTi sisxlisagan Seqmna (RmerTma d.o.)] kacTa Teli modgma” saq.17,26. . epikteti aseve ambobs, rom RmerTis daxmarebiT da misi rwmeniT, unda damkvidrdes adamianebSi Zmoba da erTurTis siyvruli.

stoicizmi erTgvar kosmopolitad yalibdeba da es daetyo markus avreliusis humanur moZRvrebas, sadac aikrZla adamianTa mazoxisturi wameba, romelic did siamovnebas gvrida nerons, romelic, rogorc stoikosebisTvis, asve qristeanTaTvis garkveul apokalifsur mxecadac iqca, amis dasturia ioane mociquli17 da neronis aRmzrdeli senaka. imgvaradve stoelebisaTvis materialuri qveyana aris RmerTis xiluli sxeuli, igi mizezobrivad marTavs qveyanas, mas yovelive eqvemdebareba, radgan RmerTia umaRlesi goni, yovelive miseulidan gamomdinare ki, adamiani unda itandes yovelgvar gaWirvebas. erTgvari miwieri ubedureba saTnoebis sruyofis sababia. stoicizmi romis realobaSi ergvari religia iyo, romelic Tavis TavSi Teologiur poziciebs iTavsebda. religia ara dRevandeli gagebiT, aramed es iyo praqtikuri anTropologiur-Teologiuri filosofia, romelic adamians agrZnobinebda TviTmyofadobas sakuTar TavSi da sazogadoebis mimarTebaSi, sazogadoebriv erTobas da es erToba unda warmdgariyo RmerTTan, romelTanac cocxal urTierTobaSi yofiliyo. raTqmaunda RmerTTan, rogorc imanentuli ZalasTan. sruli yofiTi nebis morCilebaSi. es procesi ki maSin iZenda realur gamoxatulebas, romelic SeboWili sxeulebrivi

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dasrulebis Semdgom iZenda arsebobas. magram stoelebsac da qristian Teologebsac umetes SemTxvevaSi aviwydebodaT, rom sxeulic RmerTis umSvenieresi xiluli qmnilebaa da masac aqvs legitimuri ufleba Tqvas - sxeulic RmerTis qmnilebaa18, imgvaradve gaugebari iqneboda macxovris suladobrivTan erTad aRmdgariyo sxeulebrivadac. aseve misi sxeuklebriv-suladobrivi amaRleba, aseve elias sxeulebrivad ataceba zesknelSi, sadac gamoCnda sxeulis miReba zecis mxriv. aseve gaurkveveli iqneboda debulebac Tu, ratom aris qriste sruli RmerTi da sruli adamiani.

rac Seexeba stoelTa meore sityvas, romelic aRdgomas ukavSirdeba, igi lukam calke gamoyo “iesosa da aRdgomas axarebda maT”saq.17,18- lukam es azri gamoTqva Tvis pavles sityvidan gamomdinare, rodesac pavle maT qristes Sesaxeb mouTxrobda da misi sxeulebrivi aRdgomis Sesaxeb. stoelebma gaiges pavles moZRvreba, rogorc ucxo RvTaebis Sesaxeb qadageba. xolo rac Seexeba aRdgomas – am sityviT lukam gamoxata pavle sityvis mimdinareoba jer qristes Sesaxeb, xolo Semdgom misi aRdgomis Sesaxeb, xolo aRdgomis idea, stoelebisaTvis ar iyo ucxo, radgan maT platonisgan axsovT da uswavliaT : aRdgomaa is dabadeba, romelic mkvdarTagan acxadebs cocxalT19. stoelebs ieso da aRdgoma calkeulad ar gaugiaT, aramed ori arsobrivi sityvis urTierTmimdinareoba, TanSewyobilad erTmaneTTan mimarTebaSi, rac gulisxmomda mociqulis mqadagebluri sityvis reJims da mimdinareobas.

lukam asaxa pavles sityvis mimdinareoba, romelmac zustd gaTvala is Tu, rogor unda eTqva sityva stoelebisaTvis, epikurelebisaTvis ki arsebiTi mniSvneloba ar hqonda pavles sityvas. stoelebis ZiriTadi dainteresebis Sedegad moxda pavles gadayvana areopagSi, mizezi ki kvlav lukam gamoTqva “iqneba gagvagebino, ra aris eg axali moZRvreba”saq.17,19, maT amiT survili gamoTqves Caswvdomodnen axal moZRvrebas, maT informacia hqondaT ukve aRdgomaze, rogorc ukve iTqva, magram ara iesoze da swored iesosa da aRdgomis urTierTmimarTebis survilma aRuZvres survili filosofosebs gaegoT, ra SuaSi iyo es ori cneba urTierTurTs. rac Seexeba platons da mis

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aRdomiseul da anTropologiur Tezisebs, igi ganvrcobilia nawarmoeb fedonSi, romliTac davalebulia, rogor stoicizmi, aseve mTeli qristeanuli speqtri, Tu amavdroulad dionise areopagelsac gaviTvaliswinebT, romelic pavlem swored aTenidan moipova. ideologiuri mzadyofna sulis moqmedebis Sesaxeb elinizmSi platonTan mocemulia msjeloba sulis arsebobis Sesaxeb, aseve ideebis Sesaxeb, erTgan klimenti aleqsandrieli ambobs platonis fedonze : fedonSi platoni gaacxadebs, rom saubrobs WeSmaritebas, rogorc ideebis Sesaxeb, xolo idea azria RvTisa, rac barbarosebma RvTis sityvad Tqves20. platoni mokled, Semdegs ambobs fedonSi : marTalia amqveynad TiToeuli Cvengani dilegSia gamoketili, magram ar unda vecadoT am dilegidan daRwevas, imitom rom, rogorc amboben Tavis mokvla dauSvebelia, aseve RmerTi zrunavs Cvenze, Cven ki RmerTs vekuTvniT. kacTaTvis sikvdilis Semdeg arsebobs, raRac da es raRac keTilTaTvis gacilebiT ukeTesia, vidre borotTaTvis aseve weSmariti filosofosi sxeuliTvis ki ar iRwvis piriqiT, SeZlebisamebr, Tavs aridebs mas da sulisTvis iRwvis mxolod, swored sxeuli gvavsebs vnebebiT, survilebiT, aTasgvari moCvenebebiT, amao da fuWi gancdebiT. da ar cdebian, roca amboben, rom sxeulis wyalobiT erTxelac ver CavfiqrebulvarT jerovnad raimes. omebi, amboxebebi, brZolebi mxolod sxeulisa da misi vnebisgan iReben dasabams, radgan yvela omis mizani simdidris moxveWaa, xolo simdidre gvwirdeba sxeulisaTvis, romelsac monis morCilebiT vemsaxurebiT, sicocxlesic mxolod maSin mivuaxlovdebiT WeSmaritebas, roca imdenad davSordebiT sxeuls, rom mxolod aucilebloba Tu gvaiZulebs saqme viqonioT masTan, roca sxeulis bunebiT ki ar avivsebiT da SevivsebiT, piriqiT Cvens siwmindes davicavT misgan, davicavT manam sanam TviT RmerTi ar agvxsnis borkilebs isic kvlav uflis gangebiT, uwminduri ki verasdros gaekareba wmidas.

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WeSmariti saTnoeba, ganuyrelia TviT saTnoebisagan da Tu saTnoeba sibrZnesTan araa wilnayari da isea qceuli sagnad, maSin is saTnoeba kiara, mxolod Crdilia saTnoebisa, maSin is monuri saTnoebaa, romelsac jansaRi da WeSmariti ara gaaCnia ra, odiTganve bundovani niSnebiT gvaniSneben, rom is vinc ganuwmendelad da uziareblad mokvdeba, uwmindurobis savaneSi daefloba uTuod, xolo ganwmendili da ziarebuli ukvdavTa Soris daivanebs samyofels. suli kacis sikvdilis Semdegac ganagrZobs arsebobas da inarCunebs Zalas da azrs. yvelaferi, rac ibadeba, Tavis mopirispiresgan ibadeba mxolod da mxolod, ramdenadac mas Tavisi mopiripire moeZebneba, amgvarad sicocxlesac upirispirdeba sikvdili da raki upirispirdeba, cxadia, erTi meorisgan iRebs dasabams, maT Soris Zevs Sualeduri fenomeni, romelsac erTi meoreSi gadadis, rac Seexeba or dabadebas, daZinebaa erTis saxeli, meoresi ki gamoRviZebaa, da aRdgoma yofilila is dabadeba, romelsac mkvdarTagan aRadgens cocxalT. gamodis rom Cveni sulebi sikvdilis Semdegac arseboben, saidanac axali sicocxlisaTvis brundebian ukan da axali sicocxle sxva araferia Tu ara gamoRviZeba, amgvarad rom ar iyos mxolod daZineba da mis sapirispirod aRar iyos gamoRviZeba, romelsac Zilidan RviZilSi gadavyavarT, rogor ggonia uazrobad ar iqceoda, miTi endemonis Sesaxeb? – radgan yvelaferi endemons daemsgavseboda, saRaTas ZiliT micemuls. sicocxlesTanaa wilnayari yvela arsi, rom kvdebodes mxolod, mkvdari ki samudamod mkvdrad rCebodes da aRar dgebodes sicocxlisaTvis, ras iTqmeba, gana yvelafers sikvdili ar STanTqavda? – arsebobs aRdgoma, micvalebulTa sulni ar wyveten arsebobas da keTilTa xvedri gacilebiT ukeTesia borotTa xvedrze, amgvarad suli ukvdavia. Cveni sulebi arsebobdnen manam, sanam sxeuls Seimosdnen kacisas, arsebobdnen sxeulis garsis gareSe da gaaCndaT codna, martivs iseT sagnebs vuwodebT Cven, romelnic arasodes ar icvlebian, marad ucvlel sagnebs azriT Tu mivwvdebiT mxolod, radgan univToni arian da uxilavni.

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arsebobs saganTa ori gvari : erTi-xilulia, meore uxilavi, uxilavni erTi da igiveni arian mudam, xilulni arasodes ar arian erTi da igiveni. Cven ki SevdgebiT sulisa da sxeulisagan, suli uxilavia yovel SemTxvevaSi kacTaTvis mainc, roca raimes Ziebisas suli iyenebs xedvas, smenas an sxva grZnobas, erTi sityviT iyenebs sxeuls, radgan raimes Ziebisas grZnobaTa gamoyeneba sxeulis gamoyenebas niSnavs, es ukanaskneli cvlad saganTa samyarosagan waritacebs mas da roca Tavs amoyofs am samyaroSi, ibneva suli, gzaabneuli awydeba, sagnidan sagans da barbacebs memTvralesaviT da sxva mxriv, roca raimes Ziebisas suli Tavis Tavs eyrdnoba mxolod – siwmindis, maradisobis, ukvdavebisa da ucvlelobis samyaroSi gadadis igi da iqve rCeba, nawili da naTesavi am samyarosi, rCeba manam, sanam Tavis TavSi hgies da sanam Zali Seswevs amisaTvis da maSin mis cdomasac eReba bolo, radgan ucvlelobis, rom wvdeba da eziareba – emsgavseba kidevac mas, xolo suls am wvdomisas da am ziarebas azrovnebas veZaxiT Cevn. RmerTma erTad, rom Sehyara suli da sxeuli, bunebam sxeuls monoba da morCileba arguna wilad, xolo suls xelmwifeba da meufeba. suli yvelaze metad waagavs RvTaebrivs, ukvdavs, erTsaxovans, goniT sacnaurs, uSlels, maradis ucvlelsa da TavisTavad, sxeuli ki – kacurs, mokvdavs, mravalsaxovans, ara goniT grZnobadsacnaurs, Slads, cvladsa da araTavisTavads. suli wmidad da Seuryvnelad eyreba sxeuls, roca nivTieri bunebis natamalic ar mihyveba Tan da es imitom, rom am sicocxleSi sxeulTan nebsiT urTierTobiT ki ar isvreboda piriqiT, SeZlebisamebr gaurboda mas da Tavis TavSi oden STanergili, mTeli arsebiT eZleoda sibrZnis siyvaruls da zrunvas mSvidi aRsasrulisaTvis – swored esaa namdvili zrunva xorcieli siyvarulisaTvis, Tu suli amqveynieri sicocxliT cocxlobda, sxeuls emsaxureboda, sxeuls etrfoda da imdenad ixibleboda misi vnebebiT da survilebiT, rom aRarafers racxda WeSmaritebad garda imisa, rasac sxeulis saxe aqvs, rasac SeiZleba xeliT Seexo, rac SeiZleba dainaxo, SeWamo, Sesva anda vnebaTa dacxromisaTvis gamoiyeno, maSin, rodesac Cveulebriv zizRiT umzerda, ufrTxoda da gaurboda mas, rasac TvalTagan wyvdiadi faravs, rac

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uxilavia, rac mxolod goniT sacnauria da filosofiiT sawvdomi, gana eg suli wmidad da Seuryvnelad gaeyreba sxeuls?- piriqiT nivTieri bunebiT gasvrili da ganwonili gaeyreba sxeuls, radgan sxeulTan mudmivi erToba da urTierToba, sxeulisaTvis mudmivi zrunva nivTier bunebasTan Sezrdis da SeanivTebs sxeuls. Cveni suli marTlac ukvdavia da uxrwneli, filosofosis rwmena, romelic uSiSrad egebeba kars momdgar sikvdils, mas sjera, rom raki filosofosis sicocxliT cocxlobda, imqveynad gacilebiT ufro did bednierebas eziareba, vidre is vinc sxvagvarad ganvlo wuTisofeli, es Slegis rwmenas emsgavseba da damTxveulis.

mravalni arian Cinebul xolo mciredni rCeul – amgavarad saxavda platoni fedonSi anTropologiur koncepciebs, romelic Seicavda samomavlo SemecnebisaTvis ucilobel debulebes, romelic ganavrces da gamoiyenes mravalma moazrovnem, rogorc filosofiidan imdagvarad religiidan. umTavresi mizezi ki amisa aris, rom platonis es ukvdavi qmnileba yovel droSi aqtualuri iqneba, radgan ~fedoni~ exeba imdagvar sakiTxebs, rac TiToeuli subieqtisaTvis mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi aucilebel azris primates Seicavs. pavle areopagSi mociquli aTenelebma waiyvanes areopagis sasamarTloSi, misive nebiT. pavles qadageba da misdami interesma Seakrebina aTenelebs areopagis sabWo, rac miuTiTebda misdami mniSvnelovan damokidebulebaze. “dadga pavle Sua areopagSi”, rogorc miwier samyaroSi RvTis sityvis mqadagebeli da rom ar yofiliyo qristeanebisTvis saWiro filosofiasTan Sebma, pavle ar dadgeboda areopagSi, sadac, odesRac poseidonis Svilis mkvlelobisaTvis gaasamarTles aresi. aqve unda iTqvas isic, rom pavles wayvana areopagSi gamowveuli iyo axali moZRvrebis mosmenis surviliT, romelic ZiriTadad stoelebis mxridan modioda. rac Seexeba areopagis wevrebs, maT kurireba unda gaewiaT sazogadoebrivi moqmedebebisaTvis. areopagi iyo umaRlesi simarTlis

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damadasturebeli da ganmsjeli organo, xolo esec simboluria, rom pavlem sworad iq iqadaga im moZRvrebis simarTle, romelic mas swamda. amavdroulad pavles areopagSi warmoTqmuli sityva, sxva yvelaferTan erTad dafaseba iyo misi mrwamsobrivi codnis. pavles nebiT wasvla areopagSi da amavdroulad aTeneli filosofosebisgan misi miwveva, gamowveuli iyo, orive mxridan saerTo interesTa gaTvaliswinebiT. interesi marTlac didi iyo filosofosTa mxridan, radgan luka maxareblis mowmobiT aTenelebma Tqves “vinaidan raRac ucnauri Cagvesmis yurSi, gagvagebine ras niSnavs es”saq. 17,20. ucnauri, rom iyo eg erTi, meore ki “gagvagebine ras niSnavs es?”- erTgvari survili iyo am moZRvrebis gacnobis, cxadia es interesis grZnobis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneboda. “xolo aTenelebsa da iq mcxovreb ucxoelebs, ise araferi exalisebodaT, rogorc raime siaxleze laparaki an misi mosmena” saq.17,18. es mowmoba skeptikuri TvalsazrisiT ironiuladac SeiZleba aRviqvad, magram “mosmenis sixalises” da isic “raime siaxlis” codnis gaRrmavebis msrulveTaTvis aucilebeli atrubutia, romelzedac mosmenis mzadyofnas da laparaks gverds veravin auvlis amgvarad es aramc da aramc ar niSnavs moclilobis cnebas aTenel filosofosebTan, piriqiT dawafebis survils, gana amgvari msmeneli TviT dionise areopageli ar iyo? TviT pavlem iwyo laparaki misTvis upirveles moZRvrebaze, magram rogorc filosofosma da ara rogorc rjulismierma mqadagebelma, is filosofiuri sityviT mivida qristesTan areopagSi, ai pavlesan – laparaki, isic xalisiT qristes moZRvrebaze aucilebeli niSani unda iyos mqadageblisaTvis, sxvagvarad gamoricxulia subieqtis mqadageblad Camoyalibeba da aRqma. amgvarad erTi qmedebis sakuTriv gamarTlebasa da sxvisi igive qmedebaSi gamtyuneba, kategoriulad gauazrebelia WeSmaritebis mqone moZRvrebisaTvis. maSasadame, pavle dgeba areopagis SuaSisaq.17,22, mas amiT antikuri azrovnebis arealSi Seaqvs, axali sityva. sityvam, romelmac gansazRvra Semdgomi Sua saukuneebis filosofia.

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“aTenelebo, yvelaferi, rasac vxedav, imas mowmobs, rom Zalzed morwmuneni unda iyoT”saq 17,22 - pavlem aRniSna am sityvebiT maTi morwmuneobis SesaZlebloba, romelic poliTeizmis CarCoebSi iyo moqceuli, “Zalzed morwmuneni unda iyoT” – es ar niSnavs marTlac WeSmarit rwmenas, radgan pavles Tavis gonebaSi Camoyalibebuli hqonda, misTvis gagebuli WeSmariti rwnena. “vinaidan, roca qalaqi daviare da davaTvaliere Tqveni taZrebi, vnaxe erTi samsxverploc, romelsac aweria ucnob RmerTs mec swored imas gaxarebT, visac Seucnoblad eTayvanebiT”saq 17,23. amgvarad pavlem jer erTi ixila antikuri rwmeniT Seqmnili taZrebi, romlic berZnul filosofiasTan erTad did eladis muzasac Seadgenda, aseve pavlem Tavisi qmedebiT gansazRvra, rom sxva mrwamsiT agebuli taZrebi da saTayvanebeli morwmuneebis xilva, aranairad Semabrkolebel gaazrebas ar iZens myofadi rwmenis momcvelobisas. rac Seexeba konkretul am SemTxvevas, pavle azrobrivad ufro Sors midis da antikuri rwmenis wiaRSi xedavs, misi rwmeniT WeSmariti RmerTis gamovlinebis kvals, romelic qristianTa RmerTia xolo antikurobisaTvis ucnobi RmerTi. samsxverploze miTiTebuli warwera “ucnob RmerTs”[ pavlesaTvis raTqmaunda niSnavda WeSmariti RmerTis arsebobas elinebTan, rogorc warmodgenil ideas, romelic pavles gaazrebiT ar iyo aRTqmuli Semecnebis TvalsazrisiT. aTenel morwmune sazogadoebis nawilTan, magram faqtia, rom arsebobda maT azrSi, raRac imdagvari, rac jer Seumecnebeli iyo maTTvis, anu qristeanTa RmerTi, pavlemac swored imis codnaze miuTiTa, rac areopagis wevrebma ar icodnen, konkretulad maTma morwmune nawilma, romelic religiuri motiviT iyo ganmsWvaluli. aqve unda iTqvas isic , rom maT ar hqoniaT gamocxadeba, aramed bunebiTi mgrZnobelobis gziT mividnen im daskvnamde, rom samyaroSi SeiZleba iyos myofadi arsi, romelic maTvis jer ucnobia da aRuTqmadi. pavles sityvaSi gamoikveTa stoikuri mniSvnelobis pirvelsawyisTa interesis gaTvaliswineba, romelic moicavda samyaros pirvelsawyis gagebas, pavlemac upirvelsad “ucnob RmerTad”[ miuTiTa swored is RmerTi, romlis gamoisobiT mieca materiasa da yovel ars

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dasabamiseuli arseboba, amavdroulad pavles gaazrebiT trancedentuli RmerTi, xolo stoikosebisaTvis imanenturi RmerTi, aris samyaros yovelives ufali, e.i. es garemoeba pavles mxiv Seqmnili, mimarTuli iyo stoikosTa mimarT, romelTaTvisas RmerTi arsTa usasrulobaSi ganmsWvaluli samyaros sulia, romlidanc gamomdinareobs yoveli arsis mizezi,(dionise areopagelis analogiuri pozicia) aris yvelgan, radgan misi subieqturi gamovlineba aris yvelgan da yvelaferSi, samyaros Sinagani simarTle da logosis WeSmariti gaazreba aris stoelTa RmerTi, anu stoelebisaTvis religiuri da panTeisturi TeologiiT, romelic sinamdvilis yvela aspeqtis RvTaebrivi Zalmosilebis cxovelmyofel gamovlinebaSia. pavles RmerTi yovelive samyaroseulis Semoqmedia, xolo stoelebisaTvis RmerTi samyaros sulieri da materiis pirvelsawyisis mizezia, potenciali romelic vlindeba RmerTidan da mis morCilebaSia WeSmariti mizezis arseboba. amavdroulad stoelebisaTvis RmerTi yovlis ganmsazRvrelia da aqvs ucvleli neba, stoelTa providencia samyaros umaRlesi racionaluri kanonia, romelic marTavs da warmarTavs yvelafers. pavlesTvis RmerTTan mimarTebaSi gamovlenili materialuri gaazreba, ar aris TviTmyobadi adamianTagan gamovlenili subieqturi azri, radgan “cisa da miwis ufali, xelTqmnil taZrebSi rodi mkvidrobs da ar moiTxovs msaxurebas kacTa xeliT, TiTqos raime sWirdebodes, aramed yvelas TviTon aniWebs sicocxles”saq17,24-25. pavlem erTgvarad ganavrco azri imis Sesaxeb, rom samyaroseuli principis gamovlineba adamianebSi vrceldeba da ar moicavs adamianTa mxolod Tvinier fundamentur moqmedebas RmerTTan mimarTebaSi. am sityvebiT pavlem ar moxsna kavSiri adamiansa da RmerTs Soris, aramed igi dauqvemdebara RmerTis maRalsrulyofilebiT gaazrebas Semecnebiseuli TvalsazrisiT, sadac TviTrwmenis principulobidan gamomdinare yofierebis umdables safexurze gaCereba ar aris mizanSewonili RmerTis gaazrebis gzaze, aramed pavlem srulyofili STagonebiT filosofosebs mouwoda, rom ar dayon TviTcnobiereba materialur doneze, radgan cnobierebis umdables doneze iqmneba burusis erTgvari fokuzi, radgan TviT stoikuri principis Sesabamisad

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adamianebi dabadebulni arian umaRlesi miswrafebisaTvis da senakas gaazrebis Sesabamisad, sadac CvenSi moqmedi wminda goni gaazrebis umaRlesi TviTmyofonisaken miizidavs adamianis bunebas, romelic aris RvTaebrivi bunebis naperwklis gamovlineba adamianis subieqtSi. TviT pavlesaTvisac da senakasTvis, RmerTis sulis ganvrcobis Tavisuflad moqmedebis Semabrkolebelia sxeuli, romelic boWavs RvTebriv Semecnebas adamianSi, amitom orives pozicia saerToa, rodesac saqme exeba ara vnebaTa damSvidebas, aramed mis aRmofxvras materiidan. xolo yofierebis sicocxlis unarianobas RmerTi aniWebs yovelives, rogorc dasabamiseuli mizezi. raTqmaunda es yovelive Teoriuli saxiT platonizms ukavSirdeba. pavle agrZelebs, rom RmerTma “erTi sisxlisagan Seqmna, kacTa mTeli modgma, raTa damkvidrebuliyvnen mTeli dedamiwis zurgze, da daawesa maTi damkvidrebis Jamni da zRvarni”saq17,26 pavle ambobs imas, rac kvlav stoelebisaTvis cnobadia, igi gamoTqva epiqtetem – RmerTma Seqmna yovelive da misca wesrigi, xolo igive senaka Tvlida rom adamiani Seqmnilia erTi materiisagan, drosa da Jamis sivrceSi. xolo yovelive amis Semdgom RmerTi pavles TvalsazrisiT imanentur poziciaze mdgari adaminis mdgomareobas mouwidebs, rom daexsnas am bunebiT movlenas da transcedenturobis kvalze dadges gonebiT sivrceSi “raTa eZiaT RmerTi, iqneb rogorme SevigrZnoT an mivakvlioT, Tumca Sors rodia TviToeuli Cvenganisgan”saq17,27, ai pavles dadastureba yovelive zemoT Tqmulis, radgan igi iTxovs mxolod gonebrivi imanenturobis gardaqmnas trascedenturobisaken, yovelive es ki Zalzed martivia, oRond es adamianma unda dauSvas Tavis subieqtur azrSi. rac Seexeba droisa da Jamebis dawesebas igive azri aqvs daculi posidonioss, romlis gaazrebaSic droisa da Jamis cneba ar aris usasrulo, aramed Seqmnili. Seqmnili Jami da dro usasrulobaSi miedineba, romliTac igi msjelobs ara mis maradioulobaze aramed mis qmnadobiT mimdinare usasrulobaze. aseve momavali metwilad gansazRvrulia, romelic RmerTis nebis Sesabamisad vrceldeba, rac sqolastikaSi msjelobis Temas warmoadgenda. pavlesTvis RmerTSi “vcocxlobT, viZvriT da varsebobT”saq17,28, kvlav gadakveTs araekleqturad pavles

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da stoelebs sazrisi, romlebic Tvlian rom RmrTis suli myobos adamianSi da es myofoba moculia RmerTiT, romelsac maSin viRebT Tu mis morCilebaSia subieqti. maS ase, pavle ambobs marTlac sityvas, romelmac antikuri kultura daakavSira Teologiur azrovnebasTan “rogorc ambobda zogierTi Tqveni poeti : misi modgma varT”saq. 17,28 igi imowmobs arata kilikielis da stoeli kleanTesis sityvas, romelic erTs astronomiur leqsSi aqvs warmoTqmuli, xolo meores himnSi zevsisadmi. unda iTqvas rom orive poemas icnobda pavle mociquli, radgan mis sityvas “zogierTi Tqveni poeti” gulisxmobs - ramdenime mwerals.

mTel rig msgavsebas pavle mociqulis sityvisa stoelebTan mimarTebaSi, ukve naTels fens im garemoebas, rom pavlem stoelTa filosofia zedmiwevniT kargad icoda, aba saidan moitana pavle Tundac es fraza(sxva yvela msgavsebas rom Tavi gavaneboT)? – es ar gulisxmobs Teologiis aTvisebas, aramed mis Ziebas warsulSi, sadac inaxeba marad ucvalebeli Tezisebi. amgvarad marTldeba TviT pavles pozicia, romelic gulisxmobda, rom yvelas imdagvarad ise unda elaparako, rogorc mas esmis, xolo amdgavar poziciaSia SesaZlebeli misTvis imis gageba, rac WeSmaritia Tvisobrivad gagebul moZRvrebaSi. mociqulma garda samsxverplos warweris mowmobisa filosofosebs, kerZod, stoelebs daumowma maT moZRvrebaSi arsebuli cnebis WeSmariteba, rac Tavis azrSi moicavda WeSmarit ideas, TviT qristes moZRvrebisaTvis. xolo Semdgob pavle absuluturad mijnavs RvTis gamoxatvas materialuri gamovlinebiT “raki RvTis modgma varT, nu vipiqrebT, TiTqos RmerTi oqro vercxls hgavdes, an kidev kacis xelovnebiT Tu STagonebiT naqandakar qvas”saq17,29, RvTis modgmis Svileba, romelsac aseve epiqtetic emowmeboda aranairad ar SeeZlo dayrdnoboda materialur garemoebas RmerTis arsebasTan mimarTebaSi, radgan igive stoelebisa da pavlesaTvis, SuZlebeli iyo materialur gamovlinebaSi ganWvretiliyo RmrTis uWeSmariteti arsis arseboba, adamianis goniT sivrceSi, radgan es ukve iqneboda individis fantaziis nayofi, romliTac SeuZlebeli iqneboda RmrTis arsis gamoxatva usulo qmnilebebSi. naTelia amgvari pozicia rodesac pavle

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ambobs “romelma Cvenganma icis, ra aris CvenSi, Tu ara Cvensave sulma? aseve RvTisac aravin araferi icis, garda missive sulisa. xolo Cven am qveynis suli ki ar migviRia, aramed suli, romelic aris RvTisagan, raTa vicodeT ra mogvaniWa RmerTma”1kor2,11-12. amgvarad gamarTlebulia is aramateriali azri sulis yofierebaSi, romelic SumzRudavi sxeuligan damabrkoleblad xsnis RvTis arsebis arsebobas, rogorc Tavis TavSi, imdagvarad metafizikur yofierebasTan mimarTebaSi. magram igive pavle ambobs, rom “vinaidan rac SeiZleba icode RmerTze, cxadia maTTvis, radgan RmerTma ganucxada maT. da marTlac, misi uxilavi srulyofileba, waruvali Zala da RvTaebrioba, qveynierebis dasabamisan missav qmnilebebSi cnaurdeba da xiluli xdeba”rom1,19-20, magram pavle uSvebs subieqtis mxridan RvTis arsebobis Semecnebis SesaZleblobas, romelic subieqturadve vlindeba individebTan. magram aqve pavlesTan gamovlenaSia meore momenti, riTac RmerTis Semecnebis Semdgom, amave mdgomareobis gaubraloeba xdeba subieqtur cnobierebaSi, rac gamovlinebaSi myofobs WeSmariti RmerTis udidebulesobas sxvadasxva subieqtSi, “raki Seicnes RmerTi, magram ar adides, rogorc RmerTi, aramed amaoni iqmnen TavianTi zraxviT da dabnelda maTi ugono guli”rom1,21 am SemTxevaSi rwmenis primatidan gamosuli Semecneba, iqca mizezad, romlis SemdgomaT SemecnebaSi gaazrebuli metafizikuri mdgomareoba iqca fizikur obieqtad, rac absoluturad miuRebelia pavlesaTvis, rogorc mqadageblisaTvis, romelic platonuri azris kvaldakval iRwvis, rom daiTrgunos fizikuris moqmedebis areali, romelic Semabrkolebelia, trancedenturTan miaxlebisaTvis. areopagis mistifikaciisaTvis sabolood mizanSewonili iyo, rom dagvirgvinebuloyo WeSmariti filosofiuri srulyofilebis rwmeniT, gaazrebuli cnebaTa sistemis moZRvreba, romelic gulismobda mqadageblis WeSmarit azrze myobas mis moZRvrebaSi “ase rom, RmerTma ugulebelyo umecrebis droni da axla yvelgan ubrZnebs yvela kacs, rom moinanion”saq17,30, amgvarad pavles filosofiur disputTan erTad Semoaqvs, religiuri Tezisi, romliTac adamianis mdgomareobis WeSmariteba svla SesaZlebelia monaniebis gziT, rac

30

adaminis umecrebis datovebis unars moicavs, mis gonebaSi da qmedebSi. es monanieba aris erTgvari, axali dabadeba adamianSi, romelic gulisxmobs mis kacobriv gonebaSi RvTaebrivi gonebis Sobas, romlic Tavis droze ver gaigo nikodemosma. es aris erTgvari stoikur-platonuri sinTezi, romelic moicavs gonierebis keTilSobilebis aRmocebas pirovnebis subieqtSi, rac RmerTis sulis gareSe adamianis gonebriv sazRvrebSi SeuZlebeli iqneboda. pavles areopagituli bolo sityva esqatologiuri xasiaTisaa, romelic moicavs samyaros gankiTxvas arCeuli kacis mier, isic RmrTisgan, romelic wmida religiuri Tvalsazrisisaa da miznad isaxavs RvTaebrivi nebis samarTlianobis cxadliv gamovlinebas, pirovneba subieqturi qcevis Sesabamis pasuxs isev subieqtebze. pavlem kvlav axsena bolosityvaSi mkvdreTiT aRdgoma, romelic rogor gairkva epikurelebs ar swamdaT misi, sadukevelTa msgavsad da “dacinva dauwyes maT”saq17,32, xolo stoelebi interesiT moekidnen aRniSnul moZRvrebas, Tundac pavles sityvebis Sesabamisad, maTi moZRvrebisda msgvsebis gaTvaliswinebic “amas sxva dros movismenT Sengano”saq17,32 uTxres pavles, stoelTa neba ki gamoxatavda saerTo interesTa gaTvaliswineba moZRvrebaSi. unda iTqvas isic, rom stoelTa filosofiuri moZRvrebidan qristianizmi metad davalebulia, amgvarad kvlavad mosmena iTvaliswinebda moZRvrebaTa saerToobis interess sazogadoebrivi cnabaTa ganvrcobaSi, xolo pavles am sityvebs ar Cauvlia ukvalod, aramed qristeanul Teologias SesZina platonisti filosofosi dionise areopageli, romelmac misi saxeliT cnobili traqtatebi, wamoadgens qristeanis TvalTazrisiT platonizmze agebul Teologias, romlis kvali vrceldeboda, rogorc qristeanul racionalur TeologiaSi, ise Sua saukuneebis patristikul da sqolastikur periodebSi, aseve dionise areopagelis werilebma gazarda renesansis bevri cnobili moazrovne da TanamedroveobaSic hyavs bevri mimdevari.

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SeniSvnebi 1. diurozelis mravlismTqmeli mosazreba, romelic

evropul mecnierebaSia damkvidrebuli, gamomdinareobs

pavle mociqulis azris potencialidan, sadac

aqcentirebulia mociqulis mecniuruli codna, misi

orientacia da is grandiozuli damsaxureba, romelic

mas miuZRvis qristianuli Teologiis da Sua

saukuneebis filosofiis formirebaSi.

2. dante alegieris RvTaebrivi komediaSi gaJRerebuli es

citata, mowmobs imas, rom gviandeli Sua saukuneebis

“winaaRmdegobrivi” ideologiuri sazrisi dasayrdens

mociqulis msoflmxedvelobaSi xedavs, romelic

TavisTavad naTelsfens, im garemoebas, rom dasavluri

eklesiis maSindeli moRvaweoba, aSkarad

winaaRmdegobaSi modioda axlad fexadgmul

inkviziciur moZraobasTan da mraval Rimilismomgvrel

cnebasTan, rac dasavleTs da aRmosavleTis swavlebas

Sua saukuneebSi aRmoucenebia, romlis savalalo kvali

dResac amCnevia Tanamedrove religiur ganwyobas.

3. Sua saukuneebSi gamefebul am miTs amyarebdnen, pavle

mociqulis romaelTa mimarT me-13 TaviT, amgvarad

saimperatoro qmedebebi asocirdeboda RmrTis nebis

gamoxatulebaT, xolo amis mxardamWeri episkoposebi

politikurad imyarebdnen marTvis sadaveebs, risi

magaliT uamravi gvaqvs. gansakuTrebiT imperatoris

RmrTis nebiT movlena Sua saukuneebis meore periodSi

SeiniSneba, romelsac mravali sisxlimRvreli “saRvTo”

omi mohyva. magaliTisaTvis jvarosanTa moRvaweobac

iqneba sakmarisi, Tu rogor iqca wminda enTuziazmi

politikur maqinaciaT.

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4. \subieqturi rwmena – romelic Sordeba damfuZvneblis

safuZvlebs, moralistitur da eTikur kodeqsebs,

realizms da mis Sinaarsobriv safuZvlebs. doqsad

qceuli rwmena romeliTac aqcenti keTdeboda,

romelime konkretul pirovnebaze da am SemTxvevaSi,

xSirad ignorirdeboda ZiriTadi safuZvlis kodeqsi.

5. platonis es asketuri sazrisi, romelsac “fedonSi”

moixseniebs, gabatonebuli iyo Sua saukuneebis

saeklesio qmedebebSi, romlebic TavisTavad

ignorirebas axdendnen, asketikis ideis platonizmTan

kavSirSi, arada saxezea es sityva-sityviTi asketur-

anTropologiuri Teza, romelic platonTan gamoiTqva.

asketis ideali platonuria

6. baCana bregvaZe “xatovan azrTa krebuli”

7. senasakas metafizikis imanentur gagebas aranairi

kavSiri ar aqvs burJuaziuli filosofiis erT

aspeqtTan, romelic moicavda realuri yofierebis

Sinagan anu imanentur Tvalsazris, romeliTan

ignorirdeboda obieqturi cnobierebis anu fizikuri

samyaros miRmieri arseboba.

8. baCana bregvaZe “xatovan azrTa krebuli”

9. platoni “saxelmwifo” Targmna baCana bregvaZem

10. lukrecius es azri aqvs mimarTuli elinuri kulturi

msaxurebis erT nawilTan mimarTebaSi, sadac

msaxurebaSi gamoyenebulia cocxali adamianebis

msxverplSewirva da sxa misTani.

11. evsebi kesarieli, romlis eklesiis istoria Seicavs

amgvar mosazrebaTa mTel pliadas, rac Seexeba ioane

mociqulis gamocxadebis wigns igi TviT basili

33

kesarielis da grigol nazianzelis qronologiaSi

gvxvdeba, da Tu mainc gvxvdeba, imgvarad rogorc

saeWvo

12. tertulianes Tezisi “mwams radgan absurdia”,

mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina Sua saukunebis

cnobierebaze, rac TavisTavSi SezRudvas qmnida,

romelic Tavad rwmenas zRudavda da gamowvevas

axdenda cnebis absurdulobis. kidev tertulias

ekuTvnis fraza “yoveli suli qristiania” es

raTqmaunda racionalizmis ukiduri gamovlinebaa,

magram qristeanuli Teologiis mixedviT, Tu SeqmnaSi

qriste monawileobda da misi pirmSoebi varT, misi

sulidan momdinared viqmnebiT, rogorc qmnilebis

saxeebi. radgan suli RvTisaa da Tu RmerTi qristea,

gamodis, rom qristes suli gvaqvs. ase fiqrobda II s.s.

Si mcxovrebi montanisti apologeti tertulane.

13. baCana bregvaZe “xatovan azrTa krebuli”

14. gza sameufeo #2

15. evsebi kesarieli saeklesio istoria. filon

aleqsandrielidan moSveliebuli citata SeiZleba ar

miesadagebodes qristean morwmuneebs. arsebobs aseTi

azric, magram msaxurebis gaTvaliswineba da imdenaT

axlosaa konteqsturad qristeanul liturgiul

mdgomareobasTan, rom evsebi kesarieli ueWvliv

miiCnevs , mis qristianizirebul xasiaTs.

16. ingliseli ganmanaTleblis es citata miuTiTebs,

epikures ara aTeizmze, aramed, mis damokidebulebaze –

subieqtur gansazRvrebaTa RmerTis predikatebis

warmodgenaze. iseve rogorc crurwmenis uaryofis

nimuSze(f.bekoni eseebi)

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17. saintereso faqtia is, rom mociqulis gamocxadebaSi

erTgavar mxecad aris miCneuli obieqti, romelic 666

cifriT aris datanebuli, xolo 666 ricxobrivad aris

neroni, sadac erTgvarad Camoylibda saxemxecisa, xolo

es 666 miekuTvneba neronos, radgaan am cifris qveS

moiazreba neoronis saxe da meti aravin.

18. Sua saukuneebis asketuri Sexedulebebi Trgunaven

yovelgvar miwier gamoxatulebebs da masSi mimdinare

procesebs. adamianuri TviTmyofadoba regresul

mdgomareobaSia, sabednierod amgvari mdare

Sexedulebis damsxvreva renesansis humanistebma

daiwyes.

19. platons es azri fedonSi aqvs gamoTqmuli

dialeqtikuri msjelobis safuZvelze da sakmaod

mimzidvelad gamoiyureba, im mxriv rom qristemde

platons gauCnda azri, amdagvari movlenis asaxvis

Teoriuli SesaZleblobSi.

20. gza sameufeo #2

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