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U*S* A NARRATIVE HISTORY, FIRST EDITIONU*S* A NARRATIVE HISTORY, FIRST EDITION

Chapter 20: Chapter 20: The Rise of an Urban OrderThe Rise of an Urban Order

(1870-1900)(1870-1900)

© 2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

PreviewPreview

““At the center of the new industrial order was the At the center of the new industrial order was the city. But to accommodate the global migration of city. But to accommodate the global migration of laborers and families, to support the sprawling laborers and families, to support the sprawling factories and the masses who kept them going, factories and the masses who kept them going, urban centers of the late nineteenth century had urban centers of the late nineteenth century had to reinvent themselves.”to reinvent themselves.”

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The HighlightsThe Highlights

A New Urban AgeA New Urban Age Running and Reforming the CityRunning and Reforming the City City LifeCity Life City CultureCity Culture

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A New Urban AgeA New Urban Age

The Urban ExplosionThe Urban Explosion– Cities’ relations to regions around them shaped Cities’ relations to regions around them shaped

natural and economic environmentsnatural and economic environments

The Great Global MigrationThe Great Global Migration– Push and pull factorsPush and pull factors– Chinese immigrantsChinese immigrants– The “new” immigration from southern and eastern The “new” immigration from southern and eastern

Europe in the 1880sEurope in the 1880s

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Immigration and Population, 1860-1920Immigration and Population, 1860-19205

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The Shape of the CityThe Shape of the City– Patterns of settlementPatterns of settlement– Suburban homesSuburban homes

Urban TransportationUrban Transportation– Role of electricityRole of electricity– Mass transit freed the middle class and poor to live Mass transit freed the middle class and poor to live

miles from workmiles from work

Bridges and SkyscrapersBridges and Skyscrapers– Suspension bridgesSuspension bridges– Cloudscrapers: open floors ideal for warehouses, Cloudscrapers: open floors ideal for warehouses,

office buildings and department storesoffice buildings and department stores

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Growth of New Orleans to 1900Growth of New Orleans to 19007

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Slum and TenementSlum and Tenement– Perils of the slum neighborhoodPerils of the slum neighborhood– Dumbbell tenement spread “like a scab”Dumbbell tenement spread “like a scab”

“Far below the skyscrapers lay the slums and tenements of the inner city. In cramped rooms and sunless hallways, along narrow alleys and in flooded basements lived the city poor.”

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Running and Reforming the CityRunning and Reforming the City

Boss RuleBoss Rule– The boss as entrepreneurThe boss as entrepreneur– A crude welfare systemA crude welfare system

Rewards, Costs and AccomplishmentsRewards, Costs and Accomplishments– Boss William Tweed and Tammany HallBoss William Tweed and Tammany Hall– Bosses guided immigrants and helped Bosses guided immigrants and helped

underprivileged up from povertyunderprivileged up from poverty– Toll was often outrageousToll was often outrageous

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Nativism, Revivals, and the Social GospelNativism, Revivals, and the Social Gospel– Nativism: a defensive and fearful nationalismNativism: a defensive and fearful nationalism– Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): banned the entry of Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): banned the entry of

Chinese laborersChinese laborers– Social Gospel: focused on improving the conditions of Social Gospel: focused on improving the conditions of

societysociety

The Social Settlement MovementThe Social Settlement Movement– The settlement houseThe settlement house– Lobbied for social legislation to improve housing, Lobbied for social legislation to improve housing,

women’s working conditions and public schoolswomen’s working conditions and public schools

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City LifeCity Life

The Immigrant in the CityThe Immigrant in the City– Ethnic neighborhoodsEthnic neighborhoods– Adapting to AmericaAdapting to America– Family lifeFamily life– Special situation of the ChineseSpecial situation of the Chinese– AssimilationAssimilation

Urban Middle-Class LifeUrban Middle-Class Life– The home as haven and status symbolThe home as haven and status symbol– The middle-class homemakerThe middle-class homemaker

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Victorianism and the Pursuit of VirtueVictorianism and the Pursuit of Virtue– Woman’s Christian Temperance UnionWoman’s Christian Temperance Union– Comstock Law (1873) fought pornographyComstock Law (1873) fought pornography

Challenges to ConventionChallenges to Convention– Victoria WoodhullVictoria Woodhull– Urban homosexual communitiesUrban homosexual communities

“Middle-class life reflected a code of behavior called Victorianism, named for Britain’s long-reigning Queen Victoria (1837-1901). It emerged in the 1830s and 1840s as part of an effort to tame the turbulent urban-industrial society developing in Europe.”

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City CultureCity Culture

Public Education in an Urban Industrial WorldPublic Education in an Urban Industrial World– 1870-1900: an educational awakening occurred1870-1900: an educational awakening occurred– Schools taught conformity and values in addition to Schools taught conformity and values in addition to

reading, writing and arithmeticreading, writing and arithmetic

Higher Learning and the Rise of the ProfessionalHigher Learning and the Rise of the Professional– Postgraduate educationPostgraduate education– Higher education for womenHigher education for women

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A Culture of ConsumptionA Culture of Consumption– Department storesDepartment stores– Chain stores and mail-order housesChain stores and mail-order houses

LeisureLeisure– Sports and class distinctionsSports and class distinctions– Spectator sports for the urban massesSpectator sports for the urban masses

Arts and EntertainmentArts and Entertainment– The streets, the saloon, dance halls, boxing The streets, the saloon, dance halls, boxing

exhibitions, concerts and theaterexhibitions, concerts and theater– Popular music and the coming of jazzPopular music and the coming of jazz

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