Post on 19-Dec-2015
http://shiftingbaselines.org/blog/Barnacle.jpg
Barnacles
Class Maxillopoda
Small crustaceans with a small trunk
Subclasses
Ostracoda*
http://www.sacsplash.org/cimages/Copepod.jpg
CopepodsOstracods
http://museum.utep.edu/archive/arthropods/ostracod.jpg
Mystacocarida
Pentastomida
Tantulocarida
Copepoda*
Thecostraca*
Branchiura* http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/images/branchiura3.jpg
Branchiura
Subclass Thecostraca (Barnacles)
Most sessile Acorn
http://hthbiotech.sandiegostc.org/boat_channel/animals/w-barnacle.gif
http://www.dereila.ca/dereilaimages/Gooseneck%20Barnacle.jpghttp://www.werc.usgs.gov/news/2003-02-06b.jpg
Stalked (Gooseneck)
Some Parasitic
http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/images/barnacle2.jpg
Subclass Theostraca - Anatomy
Sessile forms Shell (calcareous plates) for preventing
dessiciation and protection Hermaphrodites
Penis 15X body length
http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/images/barnacle.gif
http://www.forsea.org/bncle4.gif
Subclass Thecostraca
Development Nauplius larvae
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan99/naup.jpghttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan99/cypbar.jpg
Cypris larvae
Subclass Thecostraca
Economic importance
http://www.ambio.bham.ac.uk/images/text%20images/barnacle2.jpg
Subclass Copepoda
Number of species ~ 12,000 species 2nd largest class in Arthropoda
(Malocostraca 1st) with respect to number of species
Possibly numerically the most abundant metazoans on earth.
Size Most small 1-5 mm Some freeliving up to 17 mm Parasitic up to 32 cm
http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/faculty/currie/ocean/gallery/calanoid-copepod.jpg
Subclass Copepoda – General Anatomy
Single median eye
http://www.wsg.washington.edu/images/copepod.gif
Simple Median Eye
Caudal Rami
Distinctive narrowing of body at abdomen
No abdominal appendages
Well developed caudal rami
http://www.sahfos.ac.uk/images/education/a_level/Images/Copepod%20morph.jpg
Subclass Copepoda – Calanoid
Live primarily in plankton both marine and freshwater
1st pair of uniramous Antennae for propulsion and flotation In males used to hold female for
copulation
2nd pair of biramous antennae for propulsion
Large oil sac in thorax for flotation and food reserves (often red or blue)
http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/faculty/currie/ocean/gallery/calanoid-copepod.jpg
Pareuchaeta norvegica (Foto: Hege Vestheim)
Subclass Copepoda – Calanoid
Suspension feeders 2nd pair of maxilla
used for suspension feeding
From Ruppert, Fox and Barnes (2004)
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/images/copepoda03.jpg
Few are predators
Few are omnivores
Eats juvenile fishes
Subclass Copepoda - Harpacticoid
Most epibenthic most detrivores some predators
some planktonic forms Also use large oil sac for
flotation and food reserves (often red or blue)
Some predators
http://www.bio.unc.edu/faculty/willett/lab/copepod2.jpg
Tigriopsis californicus
http://www.fish.washington.edu/people/cordell/images/Tisbe.JPG
Tisbe sp.
Swarms over small fish, eats fins then devours the body as it drifts to the bottom
Subclass Copepoda - Cyclopoid
Most planktonic most predators some suspension
feeders
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/arthropod/cyclops2.jpg
Cyclops sp.
Subclass Copepoda
Fertilization is internal indirect with
spermatophore Males usually smaller
than females Some brood eggs Some release eggs into
seahttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/arthropod/cyclops2.jpg
Cyclops sp.
Subclass Copepoda
Nauplius larva Copepodid larva
Freshwater forms can create cysts to protect them in winter.
http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/phytoplankton/guide/addtl_collections/Microzoops/Images/Copepod-nauplii-BEL.jpg
http://cyclot.hp.infoseek.co.jp/kenmiji/cyccop2.jpg
Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps)
Found in freshwater and marine swim or crawl
Most < 1mm Gigantocypris 25mm
Enclosed in a bivalve shell but not hinged
Ostracods
http://museum.utep.edu/archive/arthropods/ostracod.jpg
Eye
Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps)
1st antennae used for sensory but sometimes digging
Swim (and sometimes walk) with 2nd antennae
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/ostracod.gif
Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps)
Nutrition Most suspension
feeders some predators or
scavengers Gigantocypris sp is
known to feed on fish some deposit feeders
http://www.senckenberg.de/images/Templates%20Paul/070305_gigantocypris.jpg
Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps)
Large fossil record most extensive of
any crustaceans continuous from
Cambrian period
http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/faculty/DrewesC/htdocs/ostracods-11.jpg
Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps) - Reproduction
Most use bioluminescence to attact mates
Fertilization is internal and direct
some freshwater species are parthenogenic (like the Cladoceran Daphnia)
Nauplius larvae
Subclass Branchiura (fish lice)
Ectoparasites marine and freshwater
fish In Argulus sp, large preoral
spine connected to poison glands
Can swim Copulation occurs on
host but eggs deposited elsewhere
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/images/branchiura2.jpghttp://www.fao.org/docrep/008/v9551e/
V9551E38.jpg
Suckers