ZOO 115 Invertebrate Zoology

Subphylum Crustacea

Part II

http://shiftingbaselines.org/blog/Barnacle.jpg

Barnacles

Class Maxillopoda

Small crustaceans with a small trunk

Subclasses

Ostracoda*

http://www.sacsplash.org/cimages/Copepod.jpg

CopepodsOstracods

http://museum.utep.edu/archive/arthropods/ostracod.jpg

Mystacocarida

Pentastomida

Tantulocarida

Copepoda*

Thecostraca*

Branchiura* http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/images/branchiura3.jpg

Branchiura

Subclass Thecostraca (Barnacles)

Most sessile Acorn

http://hthbiotech.sandiegostc.org/boat_channel/animals/w-barnacle.gif

http://www.dereila.ca/dereilaimages/Gooseneck%20Barnacle.jpghttp://www.werc.usgs.gov/news/2003-02-06b.jpg

Stalked (Gooseneck)

Some Parasitic

http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/images/barnacle2.jpg

Subclass Theostraca - Anatomy

Sessile forms Shell (calcareous plates) for preventing

dessiciation and protection Hermaphrodites

Penis 15X body length

http://www.mesa.edu.au/friends/seashores/images/barnacle.gif

http://www.forsea.org/bncle4.gif

Subclass Thecostraca

Development Nauplius larvae

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan99/naup.jpghttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgjan99/cypbar.jpg

Cypris larvae

Subclass Thecostraca

Economic importance

http://www.ambio.bham.ac.uk/images/text%20images/barnacle2.jpg

Subclass Copepoda

Number of species ~ 12,000 species 2nd largest class in Arthropoda

(Malocostraca 1st) with respect to number of species

Possibly numerically the most abundant metazoans on earth.

Size Most small 1-5 mm Some freeliving up to 17 mm Parasitic up to 32 cm

http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/faculty/currie/ocean/gallery/calanoid-copepod.jpg

Subclass Copepoda – General Anatomy

Single median eye

http://www.wsg.washington.edu/images/copepod.gif

Simple Median Eye

Caudal Rami

Distinctive narrowing of body at abdomen

No abdominal appendages

Well developed caudal rami

http://www.sahfos.ac.uk/images/education/a_level/Images/Copepod%20morph.jpg

Subclass Copepoda – Calanoid

Live primarily in plankton both marine and freshwater

1st pair of uniramous Antennae for propulsion and flotation In males used to hold female for

copulation

2nd pair of biramous antennae for propulsion

Large oil sac in thorax for flotation and food reserves (often red or blue)

http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/faculty/currie/ocean/gallery/calanoid-copepod.jpg

Pareuchaeta norvegica (Foto: Hege Vestheim)

Subclass Copepoda – Calanoid

Suspension feeders 2nd pair of maxilla

used for suspension feeding

From Ruppert, Fox and Barnes (2004)

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/images/copepoda03.jpg

Few are predators

Few are omnivores

Eats juvenile fishes

Subclass Copepoda - Harpacticoid

Most epibenthic most detrivores some predators

some planktonic forms Also use large oil sac for

flotation and food reserves (often red or blue)

Some predators

http://www.bio.unc.edu/faculty/willett/lab/copepod2.jpg

Tigriopsis californicus

http://www.fish.washington.edu/people/cordell/images/Tisbe.JPG

Tisbe sp.

Swarms over small fish, eats fins then devours the body as it drifts to the bottom

Subclass Copepoda - Cyclopoid

Most planktonic most predators some suspension

feeders

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/arthropod/cyclops2.jpg

Cyclops sp.

Subclass Copepod - Parasites

EctoparasitesPsychrolutes sp (Fathead fish)

Endoparasites

Subclass Copepoda

Fertilization is internal indirect with

spermatophore Males usually smaller

than females Some brood eggs Some release eggs into

seahttp://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/fresh/arthropod/cyclops2.jpg

Cyclops sp.

Subclass Copepoda

Nauplius larva Copepodid larva

Freshwater forms can create cysts to protect them in winter.

http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/phytoplankton/guide/addtl_collections/Microzoops/Images/Copepod-nauplii-BEL.jpg

http://cyclot.hp.infoseek.co.jp/kenmiji/cyccop2.jpg

Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps)

Found in freshwater and marine swim or crawl

Most < 1mm Gigantocypris 25mm

Enclosed in a bivalve shell but not hinged

Ostracods

http://museum.utep.edu/archive/arthropods/ostracod.jpg

Eye

Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps)

1st antennae used for sensory but sometimes digging

Swim (and sometimes walk) with 2nd antennae

http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/ostracod.gif

Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps)

Nutrition Most suspension

feeders some predators or

scavengers Gigantocypris sp is

known to feed on fish some deposit feeders

http://www.senckenberg.de/images/Templates%20Paul/070305_gigantocypris.jpg

Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps)

Large fossil record most extensive of

any crustaceans continuous from

Cambrian period

http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/faculty/DrewesC/htdocs/ostracods-11.jpg

Subclass Ostracoda (seed shrimps) - Reproduction

Most use bioluminescence to attact mates

Fertilization is internal and direct

some freshwater species are parthenogenic (like the Cladoceran Daphnia)

Nauplius larvae

Subclass Branchiura (fish lice)

Ectoparasites marine and freshwater

fish In Argulus sp, large preoral

spine connected to poison glands

Can swim Copulation occurs on

host but eggs deposited elsewhere

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/crustacea/images/branchiura2.jpghttp://www.fao.org/docrep/008/v9551e/

V9551E38.jpg

Suckers