Post on 15-Apr-2020
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World
War
II
British & French waited for Germany to attack
World History - Mr. Gongora Wk 1
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1940 – Germany invades France
and the Netherlands
Blitzkrieg“Lightening War”
Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to invade France and the Netherlands.
British troops were forced to retreat to the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France.
British miraculously rescued 338,000 troops from Dunkirk
Lost all their equipment.
By June 1940, France had surrendered to the Germans
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September 1940-May 1941: “the Blitz”
“Battle of Britain”The German air force (Luftwaffe) launched repeated bombing raids on British towns and cities.
Lasted nine months,
This was known as the BLITZ or the Battle of Britain
An attempt to bomb Britain into submission.
Both the U.S. and Britain had broken the
Japanese codes before the start of the war.
U.S. broke the military code
Britain broke the diplomatic code
The British had broken the German codes
early in the war, thanks to a captured
enigma maching
The British built Colussus – the first super
computer – to speed up decoding.
The British established a code breaking
center at Bletchley Park, outside of London
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Leader of British Empire during
World War II
“Never in the field of human
conflict was so much owed by
so many to so few.”
Refused to consider defeat,
surrender, or a compromise which
inspired British resistance.
Leader of Free French Forces
supported by the British & Americans
de Gaulle always insisted on full
freedom of action for the French
Led allied entrance into Paris
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
U.S. President during
the Depression & WW II
Elected to four terms as
President
Cash & Carry and Lend
Lease Policies
Four Freedoms & Arsenal
of Democracy
Died in office before the
end of the war
America “officially neutral”
as European war began
FDR increased military
production and skirted
Neutrality Acts after Nazi
victories
FDR ran for third term
Cash and Carry Policy
Lend-Lease Act passed
U.S. embargoed oil and
scrap-iron sales to Japan
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German submarines
(U-boats) sank millions
of tons of allied ships
ammunition, equipment,
and supplies.
1939 - 1945
1940 - 1943 British army destroyed an Italian army
attempting to invade Egypt.
Hitler sent the Afrika Korps to
reinforce Italian forces
A series of battles followed.
British forces defeated to the Axis
forces & pushed them back to Tunisia.
American forces saw their first action
during Operation Torch, the invasion of
Algiers
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Commanded the German
Afrika Korps in North Africa
Nicknamed “The Desert Fox”
Helped Germany prepare
to defend against Allied
invasion of Normandy
Top British general in World War II
Led British forces to victory in
North Africa.
Led British forces in the invasion
of Sicily and D-Day.
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Operation Barbarossa, June 1941
May, 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of Russia.
He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises he had made.
A bold move that would prove to be an important turning point in the War.
Top Soviet general during
World War II
Planned & led Soviet
counterattack at Moscow
Directed Soviet forces at
Stalingrad and Kursk
Led Soviet forces in the
invasion of Eastern Europe
and Germany
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World
War
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• December 7, 1941
• Carrier-based Japanese
planes bombed naval base at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• More than 2400 Americans
killed
• U.S. Pacific fleet temporarily
crippled
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• Japanese intended to knock
out U.S. military power
• Aircraft carriers followed
less detectable northern
route
• U.S. officials knew of a
coming attack, but not at
Pearl Harbor
• Not meant to be a
“sneak attack”
Japanese aerial view of
Pearl Harbor under attack
• Commander of the
Japanese Imperial Fleet
• Planned the Attack on
Pearl Harbor
• Planned Japanese
Strategy in the Pacific
• Killed in 1943
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FDR’s War Message• Delivered to Congress
on December 8, 1941
• Only one member of
Congress voted
against declaring war
• Germany declared
war on the U.S. a
few days later
George Marshall
• Army underfunded and
underdeveloped in late 1930s
• Marshall became Army Chief of
Staff
• Convinced FDR and Congress to
provide increased manpower and
funding
• Over 60,000 enlisted immediately
after Pearl Harbor
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1942 – NORTH AFRICA – Battle of El Alamein
This victory turned the tide in the
North African Campaign
Ended the Axis threat to Egypt, the
Suez Canal, and of gaining access
to the Middle Eastern and Persian
oil fields via North Africa.
El Alamein revived the morale of
the Allies.
1942-43 –RUSSIA –Battle of StalingradIn September 1942, the German Army advanced into
Stalingrad
The battle for the city became one of the most brutal
in World War Two.
Marshal Zhukov about one million men to surround
the city.
Unable to break out, the Germans had to face winter.
Hitler ordered General Paulus to fight to the last
bullet, and him to field marshal.
By the end of January 1943, the Germans could do
nothing else but surrender. 91,000 Germans were
taken prisoner.
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1944 –EUROPE –D-Day (Allies Invade Normandy)June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-
mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight
Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France.
More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported
the D-Day invasion, and by day’s end on June 6, the
Allies gained a foot- hold in Normandy.
The D-Day cost was high -more than 9,000 Allied
Soldiers were killed or wounded -- but more than
100,000 Soldiers began the march across Europe to
defeat Hitler.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Supreme Commander
of ALL Allied Forces in
Europe
Planned and directed
D-Day invasion
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Omar Bradley
Planned & participated
in the Normandy
Invasion (D-Day).
Commanded the
Twelfth Army Group
First chairman of the
U.S. Joint Chiefs of
Staff
George Patton
Helped lead the Allies
to victory in the
invasion of Sicily.
Instrumental to the
liberation of Germany
from the Nazis.
Led the Third Army
across France
Skilled at tank
warfare.
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• Formed in 1943
• Made up of Nisei
• Fought with distinction in Italy
and France
• Most decorated combat unit in
U.S. history Members of the 442nd hiking through France, late 1944
• All-black combat unit formed in 1941
• 99th Fighter Squadron formed in AL
• Escorted bombers over central
Europe
• Proved superior or equal to white pilots Airmen Marcellus G. Smith and Roscoe
C. Brown in Italy, 1945
Kursk the largest tank battle in
history, involving some 6,000 tanks,
2,000,000 troops, and 4,000 aircraft.
Last German offensive in Russia.
Germans lost 230,000 men, 2400
tanks, and 1200 planes
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The last major Nazi offensive against the
Allies in World War Two.
A last ditch attempt by Hitler to split the
Allies in two and destroy their ability to
supply themselves.
The Germans had to abandon their
vehicles due to a lack of fuel and
surrender, or make their way back to
Germany on foot.
1944 – 1945
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World
War
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Buildup to World War II
Germany Italy Japan
• Japan lacked natural resources for industry
• 1929 – The Great Depression devastated Japan.
• Economic disaster fed the discontent of military officials.
• Ultranationalists condemned politicians for stopping overseas expansion.
• Nationalists demanded renewed expansion to gain raw materials.
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Japan’s Expanding Empire
to 1934
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Japanese
Prime Minister
• Believed in the racial superiority
of the Japanese people.
• ultra-nationalistic & militaristic.
• Wanted to expand the Japanese
empire throughout the Pacific
Rim.
• Believed Japan was invincible.
• By 1937 Civilian government was forced to accept military domination.
• To please the ultranationalists, it:• cracked down on socialists• ended most democratic freedoms• revived ancient warrior values• built a cult around the emperor• spread nationalist message in schools• renewed efforts at expansion
• 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, adding it to the growing Japanese empire.
• 1937, Japanese troops invaded eastern China• After the city of Nanking surrendered, the Japanese killed
hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians in what came to be known as the “Rape of Nanking.”
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The Rape of Nanking
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1922 - Fascists imposed
totalitarian rule
promoted economic
modernization,
Fascists advocated
complete state authority
Italy fared better than most
western nations during the
Depression
Aggressive foreign policy,
establishing colonies in
East Africa
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(Italy)• Preached a
government called
Fascism – includes
intense patriotism
& nationalism
• Very much linked to
racism and cultural
superiority
• Wanted to restore
the glory of Rome
1921 - Entered Parliament
after having been defeated
in 1919
1922 - Became premier of Italy
1925 - Mussolini declared
Italy a fascist dictatorship and
took control over society,
politics, and economics, as
well as the military.
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• 1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia in Africa
• Mussolini wanted new areas to expand
his empire in Africa
The Treaty of
Versailles left
Germany deeply in
debt and caused
serious government
instability in the 1920s.
Bad economic times
made it easy for the
Nazi party to gain
power.
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Back
1923 - Hitler attempted to take control of
a struggling Germany through the “Beer
Hall Putsch.” He failed and was arrested.
In jail he wrote “Mein Kampf” exposing his
political ideology. He was considered
harmless and was released in 1924.
1932 - Defeated von Hindenburg in
national election. Hitler was the
Chancellor of Germany.
1934 - Hitler declares himself the “Fuhrer
of Germany taking dictatorial power.
1932 – Adolph Hitler assumes power in Germany
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A very charismatic
speaker
Brought Germany out
of the Depression with
a huge work program
and militarization
Hitler believed in the military
superiority of Germany.
His fighting techniques, such
as blitzkrieg, threatened to
overthrow Europe in less
than a year.
Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____
Unit #11 World War II
Between the Wars
Directions: Use a computer or your phone to fill out the info for each space.
Issue Germany Italy Japan
Situation After
World War I
Problems After
World War I
Solution to Post
World War I
Problems
Immediate Results
of Solutions
National Goals and
Plans to Reach
Them
Level of Success in
Reaching Goals
Long Term Results
of Solutions
Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____
World History Unit #11 World War II
Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____
Unit #11 The World Wars
World War II Directions: Use your computer or phone to search these people or events and fill the table.
Important People Person Country Role in the War
Hideki Tojo Japan Benito Mussolini Italy
Adolf Hitler Germany Franklin D. Roosevelt U.S.A.
Winston Churchill Great
Britain Josef Stalin U.S.S.R.
Charles de Gaulle France Isoroku Yamamoto Japan
Erwin Rommel Germany Georgy Zukov U.S.S.R.
Bernard Montgomery Great
Britain George Marshall U.S.A.
Dwight D. Eisenhower U.S.A. Omar Bradley U.S.A. George Patton U.S.A.
Douglas MacArthur U.S.A. Chester Nimitz U.S.A.
Harry S. Truman U.S.A. 442nd Regiment U.S.A.
Tuskegee Airmen U.S.A. Flying Tigers
China/U.
S.A. Navajo Code Talkers U.S.A.
Afrika Korps Germany
World War II Timeline Event Date(s) Description
Japan invades Manchuria Italy invades Ethiopia
Nuremburg Laws Germany occupies the
Rhineland
Japan invades China “Kristallnacht”
“Anschluss” Hitler takes the
Sudetenland
Hitler takes
Czechoslovakia
Germany invades Poland Phony War – “Sitzkrieg” Germany invades France
& the Netherlands
Battle of the Atlantic “Battle of Britain”
North Africa Campaign Germany invades Russia
Wannsee Conference Japan attacks
Pearl Harbor
Japan captures most of
Southeast Asia
World War II Timeline Event Date(s) Description
Bataan Death March Battle of Midway
Battle of El Alamein Battle of Stalingrad
D-Day:
Normandy Invasion
Battle of Kursk Battle of the Bulge
Fall of Berlin Guadalcanal
Iwo Jima Okinawa
U.S. drops atomic bombs
on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Japan Surrenders
Planning for Victory Conference Date(s) Description
Casablanca Teheran
Yalta Potsdam
Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____
World History
Unit #11 The World Wars
World War II
Vocabulary Term Meaning/Example
Blitzkreig Kamekaze Anschluss Holocaust
G.I. U-boat
Wolfpack Sitzkreig Embargo
Final Solution Manhatten Project
Offensive Nisei
Unconditional Surrender Amphibious Landing
Paratrooper Total War
Fascist Nazi
Internment Leibensraum
World History - Mr. A. Gongora
Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____
Unit #11 World War II
Events in the Holocaust Directions: Use your computer or phone to search the following events to fill in the table.
Event Description/Significance
Nuremberg Laws
Kristallnacht
Wannsee Conference
Camps
Liberation
Nuremberg Trials
NAME:
Directions: Answer the following questions on the numbered page using the timeline of “Hitler’s Final Solution”
NAME:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
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World
War
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1935 – Nuremburg Laws
1938 – “Kristallnacht” German mobs destroy
Jewish property
1939 – first major imprisonment and deportation of
Jews to concentration camps
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Wannsee Conference held outside
Berlin in 1942.
Lead by Reinhard Heydrich
Hitler was not present.
The Endlösung (Final Solution) to the
Jewish question was discussed and
planned.
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6 million Jews killed
10 million people total
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