3/24/2020

1

World

War

II

British & French waited for Germany to attack

World History - Mr. Gongora Wk 1

3/24/2020

2

1940 – Germany invades France

and the Netherlands

Blitzkrieg“Lightening War”

Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to invade France and the Netherlands.

British troops were forced to retreat to the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France.

British miraculously rescued 338,000 troops from Dunkirk

Lost all their equipment.

By June 1940, France had surrendered to the Germans

3/24/2020

3

September 1940-May 1941: “the Blitz”

“Battle of Britain”The German air force (Luftwaffe) launched repeated bombing raids on British towns and cities.

Lasted nine months,

This was known as the BLITZ or the Battle of Britain

An attempt to bomb Britain into submission.

Both the U.S. and Britain had broken the

Japanese codes before the start of the war.

U.S. broke the military code

Britain broke the diplomatic code

The British had broken the German codes

early in the war, thanks to a captured

enigma maching

The British built Colussus – the first super

computer – to speed up decoding.

The British established a code breaking

center at Bletchley Park, outside of London

3/24/2020

4

Leader of British Empire during

World War II

“Never in the field of human

conflict was so much owed by

so many to so few.”

Refused to consider defeat,

surrender, or a compromise which

inspired British resistance.

Leader of Free French Forces

supported by the British & Americans

de Gaulle always insisted on full

freedom of action for the French

Led allied entrance into Paris

3/24/2020

5

Franklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. President during

the Depression & WW II

Elected to four terms as

President

Cash & Carry and Lend

Lease Policies

Four Freedoms & Arsenal

of Democracy

Died in office before the

end of the war

America “officially neutral”

as European war began

FDR increased military

production and skirted

Neutrality Acts after Nazi

victories

FDR ran for third term

Cash and Carry Policy

Lend-Lease Act passed

U.S. embargoed oil and

scrap-iron sales to Japan

3/24/2020

6

German submarines

(U-boats) sank millions

of tons of allied ships

ammunition, equipment,

and supplies.

1939 - 1945

1940 - 1943 British army destroyed an Italian army

attempting to invade Egypt.

Hitler sent the Afrika Korps to

reinforce Italian forces

A series of battles followed.

British forces defeated to the Axis

forces & pushed them back to Tunisia.

American forces saw their first action

during Operation Torch, the invasion of

Algiers

3/24/2020

7

Commanded the German

Afrika Korps in North Africa

Nicknamed “The Desert Fox”

Helped Germany prepare

to defend against Allied

invasion of Normandy

Top British general in World War II

Led British forces to victory in

North Africa.

Led British forces in the invasion

of Sicily and D-Day.

3/24/2020

8

Operation Barbarossa, June 1941

May, 1941, Hitler ordered an invasion of Russia.

He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises he had made.

A bold move that would prove to be an important turning point in the War.

Top Soviet general during

World War II

Planned & led Soviet

counterattack at Moscow

Directed Soviet forces at

Stalingrad and Kursk

Led Soviet forces in the

invasion of Eastern Europe

and Germany

3/24/2020

9

3/24/2020

1

World

War

II

• December 7, 1941

• Carrier-based Japanese

planes bombed naval base at

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

• More than 2400 Americans

killed

• U.S. Pacific fleet temporarily

crippled

3/24/2020

2

• Japanese intended to knock

out U.S. military power

• Aircraft carriers followed

less detectable northern

route

• U.S. officials knew of a

coming attack, but not at

Pearl Harbor

• Not meant to be a

“sneak attack”

Japanese aerial view of

Pearl Harbor under attack

• Commander of the

Japanese Imperial Fleet

• Planned the Attack on

Pearl Harbor

• Planned Japanese

Strategy in the Pacific

• Killed in 1943

3/24/2020

3

FDR’s War Message• Delivered to Congress

on December 8, 1941

• Only one member of

Congress voted

against declaring war

• Germany declared

war on the U.S. a

few days later

George Marshall

• Army underfunded and

underdeveloped in late 1930s

• Marshall became Army Chief of

Staff

• Convinced FDR and Congress to

provide increased manpower and

funding

• Over 60,000 enlisted immediately

after Pearl Harbor

3/24/2020

4

1942 – NORTH AFRICA – Battle of El Alamein

This victory turned the tide in the

North African Campaign

Ended the Axis threat to Egypt, the

Suez Canal, and of gaining access

to the Middle Eastern and Persian

oil fields via North Africa.

El Alamein revived the morale of

the Allies.

1942-43 –RUSSIA –Battle of StalingradIn September 1942, the German Army advanced into

Stalingrad

The battle for the city became one of the most brutal

in World War Two.

Marshal Zhukov about one million men to surround

the city.

Unable to break out, the Germans had to face winter.

Hitler ordered General Paulus to fight to the last

bullet, and him to field marshal.

By the end of January 1943, the Germans could do

nothing else but surrender. 91,000 Germans were

taken prisoner.

3/24/2020

5

1944 –EUROPE –D-Day (Allies Invade Normandy)June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-

mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight

Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France.

More than 5,000 Ships and 13,000 aircraft supported

the D-Day invasion, and by day’s end on June 6, the

Allies gained a foot- hold in Normandy.

The D-Day cost was high -more than 9,000 Allied

Soldiers were killed or wounded -- but more than

100,000 Soldiers began the march across Europe to

defeat Hitler.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme Commander

of ALL Allied Forces in

Europe

Planned and directed

D-Day invasion

3/24/2020

6

Omar Bradley

Planned & participated

in the Normandy

Invasion (D-Day).

Commanded the

Twelfth Army Group

First chairman of the

U.S. Joint Chiefs of

Staff

George Patton

Helped lead the Allies

to victory in the

invasion of Sicily.

Instrumental to the

liberation of Germany

from the Nazis.

Led the Third Army

across France

Skilled at tank

warfare.

3/24/2020

7

• Formed in 1943

• Made up of Nisei

• Fought with distinction in Italy

and France

• Most decorated combat unit in

U.S. history Members of the 442nd hiking through France, late 1944

• All-black combat unit formed in 1941

• 99th Fighter Squadron formed in AL

• Escorted bombers over central

Europe

• Proved superior or equal to white pilots Airmen Marcellus G. Smith and Roscoe

C. Brown in Italy, 1945

Kursk the largest tank battle in

history, involving some 6,000 tanks,

2,000,000 troops, and 4,000 aircraft.

Last German offensive in Russia.

Germans lost 230,000 men, 2400

tanks, and 1200 planes

3/24/2020

8

The last major Nazi offensive against the

Allies in World War Two.

A last ditch attempt by Hitler to split the

Allies in two and destroy their ability to

supply themselves.

The Germans had to abandon their

vehicles due to a lack of fuel and

surrender, or make their way back to

Germany on foot.

1944 – 1945

3/24/2020

1

World

War

II

3/24/2020

2

Buildup to World War II

Germany Italy Japan

• Japan lacked natural resources for industry

• 1929 – The Great Depression devastated Japan.

• Economic disaster fed the discontent of military officials.

• Ultranationalists condemned politicians for stopping overseas expansion.

• Nationalists demanded renewed expansion to gain raw materials.

3/24/2020

3

Japan’s Expanding Empire

to 1934

5

Japanese

Prime Minister

• Believed in the racial superiority

of the Japanese people.

• ultra-nationalistic & militaristic.

• Wanted to expand the Japanese

empire throughout the Pacific

Rim.

• Believed Japan was invincible.

• By 1937 Civilian government was forced to accept military domination.

• To please the ultranationalists, it:• cracked down on socialists• ended most democratic freedoms• revived ancient warrior values• built a cult around the emperor• spread nationalist message in schools• renewed efforts at expansion

• 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, adding it to the growing Japanese empire.

• 1937, Japanese troops invaded eastern China• After the city of Nanking surrendered, the Japanese killed

hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians in what came to be known as the “Rape of Nanking.”

5

3/24/2020

4

The Rape of Nanking

4

1922 - Fascists imposed

totalitarian rule

promoted economic

modernization,

Fascists advocated

complete state authority

Italy fared better than most

western nations during the

Depression

Aggressive foreign policy,

establishing colonies in

East Africa

3/24/2020

5

(Italy)• Preached a

government called

Fascism – includes

intense patriotism

& nationalism

• Very much linked to

racism and cultural

superiority

• Wanted to restore

the glory of Rome

1921 - Entered Parliament

after having been defeated

in 1919

1922 - Became premier of Italy

1925 - Mussolini declared

Italy a fascist dictatorship and

took control over society,

politics, and economics, as

well as the military.

3/24/2020

6

• 1935 – Italy invaded Ethiopia in Africa

• Mussolini wanted new areas to expand

his empire in Africa

The Treaty of

Versailles left

Germany deeply in

debt and caused

serious government

instability in the 1920s.

Bad economic times

made it easy for the

Nazi party to gain

power.

3/24/2020

7

Back

1923 - Hitler attempted to take control of

a struggling Germany through the “Beer

Hall Putsch.” He failed and was arrested.

In jail he wrote “Mein Kampf” exposing his

political ideology. He was considered

harmless and was released in 1924.

1932 - Defeated von Hindenburg in

national election. Hitler was the

Chancellor of Germany.

1934 - Hitler declares himself the “Fuhrer

of Germany taking dictatorial power.

1932 – Adolph Hitler assumes power in Germany

3/24/2020

8

A very charismatic

speaker

Brought Germany out

of the Depression with

a huge work program

and militarization

Hitler believed in the military

superiority of Germany.

His fighting techniques, such

as blitzkrieg, threatened to

overthrow Europe in less

than a year.

Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____

Unit #11 World War II

Between the Wars

Directions: Use a computer or your phone to fill out the info for each space.

Issue Germany Italy Japan

Situation After

World War I

Problems After

World War I

Solution to Post

World War I

Problems

Immediate Results

of Solutions

National Goals and

Plans to Reach

Them

Level of Success in

Reaching Goals

Long Term Results

of Solutions

Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____

World History Unit #11 World War II

Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____

Unit #11 The World Wars

World War II Directions: Use your computer or phone to search these people or events and fill the table.

Important People Person Country Role in the War

Hideki Tojo Japan Benito Mussolini Italy

Adolf Hitler Germany Franklin D. Roosevelt U.S.A.

Winston Churchill Great

Britain Josef Stalin U.S.S.R.

Charles de Gaulle France Isoroku Yamamoto Japan

Erwin Rommel Germany Georgy Zukov U.S.S.R.

Bernard Montgomery Great

Britain George Marshall U.S.A.

Dwight D. Eisenhower U.S.A. Omar Bradley U.S.A. George Patton U.S.A.

Douglas MacArthur U.S.A. Chester Nimitz U.S.A.

Harry S. Truman U.S.A. 442nd Regiment U.S.A.

Tuskegee Airmen U.S.A. Flying Tigers

China/U.

S.A. Navajo Code Talkers U.S.A.

Afrika Korps Germany

World War II Timeline Event Date(s) Description

Japan invades Manchuria Italy invades Ethiopia

Nuremburg Laws Germany occupies the

Rhineland

Japan invades China “Kristallnacht”

“Anschluss” Hitler takes the

Sudetenland

Hitler takes

Czechoslovakia

Germany invades Poland Phony War – “Sitzkrieg” Germany invades France

& the Netherlands

Battle of the Atlantic “Battle of Britain”

North Africa Campaign Germany invades Russia

Wannsee Conference Japan attacks

Pearl Harbor

Japan captures most of

Southeast Asia

World War II Timeline Event Date(s) Description

Bataan Death March Battle of Midway

Battle of El Alamein Battle of Stalingrad

D-Day:

Normandy Invasion

Battle of Kursk Battle of the Bulge

Fall of Berlin Guadalcanal

Iwo Jima Okinawa

U.S. drops atomic bombs

on Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Japan Surrenders

Planning for Victory Conference Date(s) Description

Casablanca Teheran

Yalta Potsdam

Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____

World History

Unit #11 The World Wars

World War II

Vocabulary Term Meaning/Example

Blitzkreig Kamekaze Anschluss Holocaust

G.I. U-boat

Wolfpack Sitzkreig Embargo

Final Solution Manhatten Project

Offensive Nisei

Unconditional Surrender Amphibious Landing

Paratrooper Total War

Fascist Nazi

Internment Leibensraum

World History - Mr. A. Gongora

Name:__________________________ Date: ______ Period: ____

Unit #11 World War II

Events in the Holocaust Directions: Use your computer or phone to search the following events to fill in the table.

Event Description/Significance

Nuremberg Laws

Kristallnacht

Wannsee Conference

Camps

Liberation

Nuremberg Trials

NAME:

Directions: Answer the following questions on the numbered page using the timeline of “Hitler’s Final Solution”

NAME:

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

3/24/2020

1

World

War

II

1935 – Nuremburg Laws

1938 – “Kristallnacht” German mobs destroy

Jewish property

1939 – first major imprisonment and deportation of

Jews to concentration camps

3/24/2020

2

Wannsee Conference held outside

Berlin in 1942.

Lead by Reinhard Heydrich

Hitler was not present.

The Endlösung (Final Solution) to the

Jewish question was discussed and

planned.

3/24/2020

3

6 million Jews killed

10 million people total

3/24/2020

4