Unit 2“Cells & Viruses”

Vocabulary Review22 Words

Double-membrane organelle that

captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy

through photosynthesis.

ChloroplastDouble-membrane

organelle that captures light energy

and converts it to chemical energy

through photosynthesis.

A solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by

osmosis.

* Swell or Explode*

HypotonicA solution that has a lower

concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by

osmosis.

* Swell or Explode*

In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-

bound organelle that manages cellular

functions and contains DNA.

NucleusIn eukaryotic cells, the

central membrane-bound organelle that

manages cellular functions and contains DNA.

Regulation of an organism’s internal

environment to maintain conditions

needed for life.

* Stable/balanced*

Homeostasis

Regulation of an organism’s internal

environment to maintain conditions

needed for life.

* Stable/balanced*

Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic

cells that is the site for protein and lipid

synthesis and transports substances throughout

cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic

cells that is the site for protein and lipid

synthesis and transports substances throughout

cell.

Diffusion of water across a

selectively permeable membrane.

OsmosisDiffusion of water

across a selectively permeable membrane.

Membrane-bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials

such as food, enzymes, and waste.

VacuoleMembrane-bound

vesicle for temporary storage of materials

such as food, enzymes, and waste.

Energy-requiring process by which substances

move across the plasma membrane against a

concentration gradient.

* Walking up a hill*

Active Transport

Energy-requiring process by which substances

move across the plasma membrane against a

concentration gradient.

* Walking up a hill*

Manufactures proteins.

Ribosome

Manufactures proteins.

Flexible, selectively permeable

boundary that helps control what enters and leaves

the cell.

Plasma (Cell) Membrane

Flexible, selectively permeable

boundary that helps control what enters and leaves

the cell.

In plants, (& bacteria & fungi) the rigid barrier that

surrounds the outside of the cell membrane, is made

of cellulose (chitin), and provides support and protection to the cell.

Cell WallIn plants, (& bacteria & fungi)

the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of

the cell membrane, is made of cellulose (chitin), and

provides support and protection to the cell.

Net movement of particles from an

area of higher concentration to an

area of lower concentration.

DiffusionNet movement of particles from an

area of higher concentration to an

area of lower concentration.

Flattened stack of tubular membranes that

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports

them to other organelles or out of the cell.

Golgi Apparatus

Flattened stack of tubular membranes that

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports

them to other organelles or out of the cell.

Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma

(cell) membrane by transport proteins.

*No Energy*

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma

(cell) membrane by transport proteins.

*No Energy*

Organism with a nucleus and organelles

EukaryoteOrganism with a

nucleus and organelles

A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell

retaining its normal shape because there is

no net movement of water.

IsotonicA solution with the same

concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell

retaining its normal shape because there is

no net movement of water.

Membrane-bound organelle that

converts fuel (food) into energy (ATP) that is available to the rest

of the cell.

MitochondriaMembrane-bound

organelle that converts fuel (food)

into energy (ATP) that is available to the rest

of the cell.

A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing

water to leave the cell by osmosis.

* Shrivel or Shrink*

HypertonicA solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside a cell, causing

water to leave the cell by osmosis.

* Shrivel or Shrink*

Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substance

and food.

LysosomeVesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substance

and food.

Nonliving strand of genetic material that cannot

replicate on its own, has a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter

cellular function.

VirusNonliving strand of genetic

material that cannot replicate on its own, has

a nucleic acid core, a protein coat, and can invade cells and alter

cellular function.

Microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or

other membrane-bound organelles.

ProkaryoteMicroscopic,

unicellular organism without a nucleus or

other membrane-bound organelles.

Outer protein layer/coat that surrounds the

genetic material of a virus.

CapsidOuter protein layer/coat that surrounds the

genetic material of a virus.

The End