Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview

CellsCells

Smallest Unit of Life

CELL

First to use a simple microscope to draw cork cells from dead

plants

ROBERT HOOKE

First person to see and draw

living cells

LEEUWENHOEK

Idea that all living things are made of

cells

CELL THEORY

What new cells come from

EXISTING CELLS

A constant internal environment

maintained by cells

HOMEOSTASIS

This grows faster that the surface area

of a cell

CELL VOLUME

This determines the function of a cell

SHAPE

Surrounds the outside of cells &

controls what enters and leaves

CELL MEMBRANE

The fluid and organelles between the cell membrane

and nuclear membrane

CYTOPLASM

Fluid making up the cytoplasm

CYTOSOL

Control center of the cell where DNA is

located

NUCLEUS

Genetic material of a cell

DNA

The phospholipid heads that attract

water

HYDROPHILIC

Cells lacking a nucleus & no

membrane-bound organelles

PROKARYOTES

Region in bacteria where DNA (single

chromosome)

NUCLEOID

Domain containing ancient bacterial

forms

ARCHAEA

Cell structure that perform a specific job

for a cell

ORGANELLE

Cells that have a nucleus and

membrane-bound organelles

EUKARYOTE

Organisms composed of more

than one cell

MULTICELLULAR

Made of similar cells working

together to do a particular job

TISSUES

Made of organs working together to do a particular job

ORGAN SYSTEM

A double layer of these molecules make up the cell

membrane

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

The tails of phospholipids are

this; means it doesn’t like water

HYDROPHOBIC

The model of phospholipids and embedded proteins

of the cell membrane

FLUID MOSAIC

Proteins embedded in the cell membrane

INTEGRAL PROTEINS

Uncoiled chromosomes in

the nucleus of non-dividing cells

CHROMATIN

Genetic material in the nucleus made

of DNA and protein

CHROMOSOMES

Double layer with pores surrounding

the nucleus

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Organelle inside of the nucleus that makes ribosomes

NUCLEOLUS

Openings in the nuclear envelope

NUCLEAR PORES

Made of rRNA and protein and

assembly amino acids into a

polypeptide chain

RIBOSOMES

Long, whip-like structures used by

some cells for movement

FLAGELLA

Site of cellular respiration

MITOCHONDRIA

Unattached ribosomes in the

cytoplasm

FREE RIBOSOMES

Energy molecule used by cells to do

work

ATP

Proteins attached only to one side of the cell membrane

PERIPHERAL PROTEINS

System of membranes and

tubes in the cytoplasm

connecting the nuclear membrane

to the cell membrane

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

ER with ribosomes attached to its

surface

ROUGH ER

System of flattened sacs that modify

and package proteins

GOLGI

Small sacs containing cell

products that can be transported from the cell

VESICLES

Organelle that digests food and worn out cell

parts

LYSOSOMES

Made of microtubules and microfilaments to give support to cells and move

organelles

CYTOSKELETON

Organelle made of microtubules in animal cells that helps form the spindle for cell

division

CENTRIOLES

Short, hair-like structures that help

some cells move

CILIA

Made of cellulose and surrounds the

outside of plant cells

CELL WALL

Organelle that contains pigments

in plant cells

PLASTID

The largest organelle found in plants containing

the cell sap

CENTRAL VACUOLE

ER that makes cholesterol & helps

detoxify poisons

SMOOTH ER