CYTOLOGY

What is the Cell Theory?• Made of cells (smallest

unit of structure.

• All of the life functions (smallest unit of function).

• All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Why is it only a Theory?• What about the

first cell?•Mitochondria•Chloroplasts

•Virus

How do we classify cells?

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

No nucleus Single circular

chromosome Small No true

organelles Simple

Yes, has nucleus Many pairs of

individual chromosomes

Large Membrane bound

organelles Complex

What are the life functions?

GRRRNEST

• Growth

• Reproduction

• Respiration

• Respond to Stimuli

• Nutirition

• Excretion

• Synthesis

• Transport

How does a cell do these

functions?

CELL ORGANELLES

Organelles: mini “organs” inside a cell.

MAKING PROTEINS

How does a cell carry out life functions?

Who controls all cell functions?

What does DNA code to produce that actually carries out these functions?

Where is DNA located?

Is DNA large or small? Can it leave the nucleus?

NO!

RNA will help it and carry its message to…..

So the DNA tells the ribosome which protein to make.

In ALL cells!!!!!!!

Packaging Proteins

Proteins need to be packaged up.

Bent into their 3D structure.

Who does that?

Do you know where ribosomes are located? Attached to what?

Endoplasmic Reticulum will package and ship to cell.

Making Energy

Cytoplasm/Cytosol

• Water fluid

• Site of all life functions

How does a cell get energy?

Adenosine triphosphate:

Energy storage molecule

What is the ultimate source of energy for an ecosystem?

How does the energy get into an ecosystem?

Autotrophs

Photosynthesis

Which organelle is capable of doing photosynthesis?

CHLOROPLAST

• Only in photosynthetic cells

• Contains chlorophyll

Chloroplast

What molecule (specifically) does a chloroplast make?

GLUCOSE

Chemosynthesis: chemoautotroph

Do some Bacteria do photosynthesis?

Do Bacteria have chloroplast?

So how do they do photosynthesis then?

Once the glucose is created by the chloroplast, how does it move through the rest of the ecosystem?

Heterotrophic

Consumers

Once consumed, how do you get the energy out of the food?

RESPIRATION

Breaking down glucose for ATP

Which organelle is responsible for doing aerobic respiration?

Why are there so many layers in a mitochondria?

Increase Surface Area

Do Bacteria do respiration?

Do Bacteria have mitochondria?

So how do they do respiration then?

How are materials transported throughout a cell?

ER for within

How do molecules get into a cell?

• Transporting materials in and out.• In ALL cells!

• Only in Plants• Made of cellulose• Give plants their shape and

structure

BACTERIAL CELLS

PLANTS

ANIMALS

Fungal

Who am I?