Think and Share with your group:

What was the role of women during these time periods?

1. Colonial period2. 1776 - Beginning of the Civil War3. During the Civil War (1861 -

1865)4. 1865 - 1900 (Industrial Age)

5. **Bonus - What was expected public behaviors of women?**

Women’s Movement

Women’s EducationTemperance MovementSuffrage

Changing Role of Women

• Middle class women in cities do not need large families and instead go to colleges

• 1910 - 40% of students in college were women (60% in 2009)

• Professionals - Graduates begin to enter jobs requiring specific training - nursing, teaching

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

The “New Woman”

• “New Woman” - a female who pursued interests outside of the home

• Jane Addams - starts Hull House in Chicago

• College educated women seek to help Progressive causes as public speakers, writers, and political reformers

Women in the Workforce

• 1890 - 4 million• 1910 - 7.5 million• (US population in 1910 was 92 million)

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Women’s Clubs

• Middle and Upper class women form clubs around a shared interest - music, painting, etc.

• Some of these clubs developed into reform movements - temperance, suffrage, aid for immigrants, child labor, etc.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

• Started by women in Fredonia, NY• In the summer of 1874, women met at Chautauqua and decided to meet in Cleveland, OH to form the group

• “Protection of the Home” was the first motto

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Temperance Movement

• Alcohol led to mental and physical abuse at home by men

• Many women’s clubs focused on elimination of alcohol, including the WCTU

• Carrie Nation - destroys bars and taverns with an axe

• Eighteenth Amendment (1919) - Bans alcohol in the United States. Ultimately, this will fail (stay tuned as to why)

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

National American Woman Suffrage Association

(NAWSA)• Created in 1890, this group sought women’s suffrage

• Suffrage - the right to vote• NAWSA had 2 million members by 1917• Sought protection for women workers• Gave speeches on street corners and met with government officials (lobbying)

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Opposition to Suffrage

• Fear of broken homes/divorce as women and men argue

• Fear of who would take care of kids

• Male government officials fear losing jobs

• Both some men and women felt this way

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

National Women’s Party

• Started by Alice Paul, a Quaker• Lead protests and some were arrested at White House, including Jamestown’s Edith Ainge

• Some women go on hunger strikes and others are sent to prison

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Local Women Get Involved

• Many join “Political Equality Clubs”

• Jamestown club started in 1887, 14 others in the county by 1889

• Woman’s Day at Lillydale, 8/15/1891

• Edith Ainge is most vocal

Edith Ainge

• From Jamestown, NY• More vocal than others and well educated

• First arrested on November 16, 1917

• Arrested again in August, 1918• Involved in “Watch Fire” demonstration at White House

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Women’s Suffrage (Right to vote)

• Led by college grads and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt

• Opposed by people in control of government

• Nineteenth Amendment (1920) - gave women the right to vote

1) Explain the role of women prior to the

Civil War

2) Name two issues dealt with by the women’s movement.

3) What did the Nineteenth Amendment, passed in 1920 and

still in effect today, do?

4) Name (or give the initials to) one major organization from the

women’s movement

5) Name the Jamestown resident who was

arrested twice in her efforts for the

women’s movement?

Bonus: Name the Quaker woman who founded a radical

organization in the U.S. to push for women’s rights.