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Think and Share with your group:
What was the role of women during these time periods?
1. Colonial period2. 1776 - Beginning of the Civil War3. During the Civil War (1861 -
1865)4. 1865 - 1900 (Industrial Age)
5. **Bonus - What was expected public behaviors of women?**
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Women’s Movement
Women’s EducationTemperance MovementSuffrage
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Changing Role of Women
• Middle class women in cities do not need large families and instead go to colleges
• 1910 - 40% of students in college were women (60% in 2009)
• Professionals - Graduates begin to enter jobs requiring specific training - nursing, teaching
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The “New Woman”
• “New Woman” - a female who pursued interests outside of the home
• Jane Addams - starts Hull House in Chicago
• College educated women seek to help Progressive causes as public speakers, writers, and political reformers
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Women in the Workforce
• 1890 - 4 million• 1910 - 7.5 million• (US population in 1910 was 92 million)
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Women’s Clubs
• Middle and Upper class women form clubs around a shared interest - music, painting, etc.
• Some of these clubs developed into reform movements - temperance, suffrage, aid for immigrants, child labor, etc.
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Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
• Started by women in Fredonia, NY• In the summer of 1874, women met at Chautauqua and decided to meet in Cleveland, OH to form the group
• “Protection of the Home” was the first motto
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Temperance Movement
• Alcohol led to mental and physical abuse at home by men
• Many women’s clubs focused on elimination of alcohol, including the WCTU
• Carrie Nation - destroys bars and taverns with an axe
• Eighteenth Amendment (1919) - Bans alcohol in the United States. Ultimately, this will fail (stay tuned as to why)
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National American Woman Suffrage Association
(NAWSA)• Created in 1890, this group sought women’s suffrage
• Suffrage - the right to vote• NAWSA had 2 million members by 1917• Sought protection for women workers• Gave speeches on street corners and met with government officials (lobbying)
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Opposition to Suffrage
• Fear of broken homes/divorce as women and men argue
• Fear of who would take care of kids
• Male government officials fear losing jobs
• Both some men and women felt this way
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National Women’s Party
• Started by Alice Paul, a Quaker• Lead protests and some were arrested at White House, including Jamestown’s Edith Ainge
• Some women go on hunger strikes and others are sent to prison
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Local Women Get Involved
• Many join “Political Equality Clubs”
• Jamestown club started in 1887, 14 others in the county by 1889
• Woman’s Day at Lillydale, 8/15/1891
• Edith Ainge is most vocal
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Edith Ainge
• From Jamestown, NY• More vocal than others and well educated
• First arrested on November 16, 1917
• Arrested again in August, 1918• Involved in “Watch Fire” demonstration at White House
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Women’s Suffrage (Right to vote)
• Led by college grads and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt
• Opposed by people in control of government
• Nineteenth Amendment (1920) - gave women the right to vote
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1) Explain the role of women prior to the
Civil War
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2) Name two issues dealt with by the women’s movement.
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3) What did the Nineteenth Amendment, passed in 1920 and
still in effect today, do?
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4) Name (or give the initials to) one major organization from the
women’s movement
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5) Name the Jamestown resident who was
arrested twice in her efforts for the
women’s movement?
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Bonus: Name the Quaker woman who founded a radical
organization in the U.S. to push for women’s rights.