Surficial Geology of Scott County, Iowa - IIHR · 2014-08-18 · Qaf Qpsb_gla Qptep Qa f Qallt...

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Surficial Geology of Scott County, Iowa

Base map from Iowa DOT Road Map Layers 2009. Iowa Geological and Water Survey digital cartographic file ScottCounty_SurficialGeology.mxd, version 9/28/11 (ArcGIS 10.0)

Map projection and coordinate system based on Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15, datum NAD83.The map and cross section are based on interpretations of the best available information at the time of

mapping. Map interpretations are not a substitute for detailed site specific studies.

Location Map

Correlation of Map Units

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Title, Author, Agency, Contract and Acknowledgement Information

SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF SCOTT COUNTY, IOWA

Iowa Geological and Water Survey

Open File Map OFM-11-08 September 2011

prepared by

Stephanie Tassier-Surine1, Deborah Quade1, E. Arthur Bettis, III2, Robert M. McKay1, Huaibao Liu1, and

James Giglierano1

Iowa Geological and Water Survey, Iowa City, Iowa

Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Roger L. Lande, Director Iowa Geological and Water Survey, Robert D. Libra, State Geologist

Supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Agreement Number G10AC00423

National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Recognized for contributions to map’s production: Andy Asell, Chris Kahle, Ray Anderson, Brian Witzke, Bill Bunker and Mary Pat Heitman. New subsurface geologic data was partly generated by University of Iowa students Sarah Byram and Kyle Bracken who produced descriptive logs of water well drill samples. Jason Vogelgesang and Murray Purdue (IGWS) prepared well samples for stratigraphic logging. Drilling was provided under contract with Aquadrill of Swisher, Iowa, and Cahoy Well & Pump Service, Fredericksburg, Iowa; a special thanks to drilling crew members who worked at times in challenging drilling conditions. Dan Murray, Bob Rowden and Tom Marshall of IGWS provided field assistance during drilling. A special thanks to all landowners who graciously allowed access to their land for drilling: Dean Arp, Bob Dahms, George Goebel, Leonard Hamann, Robert Hamilton, Ellen Kitchen, Don and Karen Krambeck, John Kundell, Kevin Kundell, Steve Marten, Dave Moeller, Dennis and Linda Oberlander, Leroy Paustian, Fred Peeters, Elsie Randolph, William Storjohann, and Kris-Del Farms. Also, thank you to the Iowa Department of Natural Resources for allowing access on public lands for drilling. Thanks to Riverstone Group Inc., Linwood Mining and Minerals Corp., and LaFarge Corporation for access to and information about quarries in the county. Kathy Morris of the Scott County Waste Commission, Basil Nimry of the IDNR Engineering and Realty Services Bureau, Steve Reynolds with the Scott County Secondary Roads Department, and Mitch Tollerud of the Scott County Information Technology Department all provided invaluable boring records from their files. Also, thanks to the Scott County Engineer’s Office for providing access to all of their boring logs for this mapping project. 1Iowa Geological and Water Survey, Iowa City, Iowa 2Department of Geoscience, The University of Iowa, 121 Trowbridge Hall, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

Introduction to the Surficial Geology of Scott County, Iowa

Scott County lies within a varied and unique surficial geologic region. Geomorphically, it contains the boundary between the Iowan Erosion Surface (IES) to the north and the Southern Iowa Drift Plain to the south (Prior and Kohrt, 2006). Stratigraphically, it contains Illinoian age glacial deposits, which are present only in a small area of southeastern Iowa. Surficial materials consist of a mix of thick eolian deposits (loess), loamy sediments associated with the IES, glacial till outcrop (both Illinoian and Pre-Illinoian), numerous sand and gravel deposits that may be very thick, terraces associated with both the Mississippi and Wapsipinicon rivers and several areas of shallow rock. Multiple periods of Quaternary glaciation and subaerial erosion have led to the landscape we see today. In general, the map area consists of loess and eolian sand of variable thickness overlying Illinoian and Pre-Illinoian glacial sediments.

Previous surficial geologic mapping has been completed as part of the STATEMAP program in Scott County (Quade et al., 2004 and 2005; Tassier-Surine et al. , 2005, 2009a and 2009b) and to the west in adjacent Cedar County (Quade et al., 2008). The only other regional surficial map of the area consists of the Des Moines 4 o x 6 o Quadrangle at a scale of 1:1,000,000 (Hallberg et al., 1991). Norton (1899) first described and mapped the Quaternary and Paleozoic bedrock geology of the county, and discussed the stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian, Devonian and Silurian strata that comprise the county’s bedrock units. Statewide bedrock geologic maps by Hershey (1969), and most recently, by Witzke, Anderson, and Pope (2010), depict the increased understanding of the distribution of geologic units at the bedrock surface across this region.

At least seven episodes of Pre-Illinoian glaciation occurred in this region between approximately 2.2 and 0.5 million years ago (Boellstorff, 1978a,b; Hallberg, 1980, 1986). Episodic erosion during the last 500,000 years has led to the destruction of pre-existing glacial landforms associated with Pre-Illinoian glaciations. In east-central Iowa, Hallberg formally classified the units into two formations on the basis of differences in clay mineralogy: the Alburnett Formation (several undifferentiated members) and the younger Wolf Creek Formation (including the Winthrop, Aurora and Hickory Hills members). Both formations are composed predominantly of till deposits, but other materials are present. Paleosols are formed in the upper part of these till units.

A limited area of southeastern Iowa was glaciated during the Illinois Episode, around 300,000-130,000 years ago. Most of Scott County, with the exception of the area northwest of Mud Creek, was glaciated during this time. Leverett (1898, 1899) was the first to study the Illinoian glacial deposits in southeast Iowa. The Illinoian till was deposited by the advancing Lake Michigan Lobe which moved across western Illinois into Iowa from the northeast (Leverett, 1899; Wickham, 1980). The Lake Michigan Lobe incorporated Paleozoic bedrock materials from the Lake Michigan Basin which are distinguished by both the clay mineralogy of the matrix as well as the pebbles and clasts (Lineback, 1980; Wickham, 1980). Hallberg (1980b) defined the formal stratigraphic nomenclature in Iowa. The only Illinoian Episode till present in Iowa is the Glasford Formation Kellerville Till Member (Willman and Frye, 1970).

Following Pre-Illinoian glaciation, most areas of eastern Iowa underwent extensive erosion and landscape development and erosion until the Wisconsin Episode loess began to be deposited. A period of intense cold occurred during the Wisconsin full glacial episode from 21,000 to 16,500 years ago (Bettis, 1989). A periglacial environment prevailed during this period with intensive freeze-thaw action, solifluction, strong winds and a host of other periglacial processes (Walters, 1996). This cold episode and ensuing upland erosion led to the development of the distinctive landform recognized as the IES (Prior, 1976).

In eastern Iowa, the highly eroded and dissected Illinoian and Pre-Illinoian upland and older terraces are mantled by Wisconsin loesses of variable thickness (Ruhe, 1969; Prior, 1976). These sediments are the youngest regionally extensive Quaternary materials and were deposited between 30,000 and 12,000 years ago. Two loess units were deposited across eastern Iowa, the older Pisgah Formation and the younger Peoria Fm. The Pisgah is thin and includes loess and related slope sediments that have been altered by colluvial hillslope processes, pedogenic and periglacial processes. The unit is characterized by the presence of a weakly developed soil recognized as the Farmdale Geosol. It is not uncommon to see the Farmdale developed throughout the Pisgah and into the underlying older Sangamon Geosol. Most likely the Pisgah loess was deposited on the eastern Iowa landscape from 30,000 to 24,000 years ago (Bettis, 1989). The Pisgah Formation is typically buried by Peoria Formation loess. The Peoria Formation loess accumulated on stable landsurfaces in eastern Iowa from 25,000 to 21,000 years ago. The Pisgah Formation is in the same stratigraphic position as the Roxanna Silt which is mapped in Illinois. The Peoria Formation consists of silt and sand facies.

Esling (1984) undertook a regional study of extensive post Illinoian-age alluvial deposits that had accumulated in major valleys in eastern Iowa. Three major terrace assemblages with differing stratigraphy and age were identified: Early Phase High Terrace (EPHT), Late Phase High Terrace (LPHT) and Low Terrace (LT). EPHT deposits are characterized by the presence of Peoria and Pisgah Formation sediments overlying Sangamon Geosol formed in the underlying alluvium. Esling theorized that these terraces are older than 40,000 years B.P. but younger than the Illinoian sediments in eastern Iowa (Bettis, 1989). LPHT deposits are characterized by the presence of Peoria Formation loess grading down into underlying alluvium with no paleosol. These terraces developed prior to 25,000 years ago and were buried by loess before 12,500 years ago. The LPHT terraces are typically inset into EPHT deposits. The LT is the youngest terrace and is not buried by Peoria loess. Terrace deposits are present primarily along Mud Creek and Duck Creek in the map area.

Surficial deposits of Scott County represent of seven formations: DeForest, Noah Creek (~Henry Fm. of Illinois), Peoria, Pisgah (~Roxanna Silt of Illinois), Glasford, Wolf Creek, and Alburnett formations as well as unnamed erosion surface sediments. Hudson-age deposits associated with fine-grained alluvial and colluvial sediments include the DeForest Formation which is subdivided into the Camp Creek, Roberts Creek, Gunder and Corrington members. The Noah Creek Formation includes coarse sand and gravel located along the Wapsipinicon River associated with the development of the Iowan Erosion Surface. Unnamed erosion surface sediments consist of reworked till and slopewash deposits formed by peri-glacial activity during the Wisconsin maximum and may be up to 25’ thick. Peoria Formation eolian materials consist of loess and eolian sand of Peoria Formation materials are present throughout the majority of Scott County except on the area south of the Wapsipinicon River mapped as IES materials. Pisgah Formation loess is also present, being thicker near the Mississippi River and thinning to the west. The characteristics of the eolian deposits vary throughout Scott County. The southeast portion of the county adjacent to the Mississippi River is dominated by thick (up to 60’) loess with almost no eolian sand. An adjacent band comprises the center of the county and is dominated by interbedded silt and fine sand. Areas adjacent to Mud Creek are dominated by loess up to 20’ thick. A buried sand sheet is present in the northwest part of the map area and extends into Cedar County. Illinoian-age deposits are limited to Glasford Formation Kellerville till member materials and are only exposed in steeper drainages dominantly in the southern and eastern portions of Scott County. Undifferentiated Pre-Illinoian till is exposed in the map area northwest of Mud Creek in deep drainages; elsewhere it is covered by Wisconsin eolian deposits.

Bedrock exposed at the land surface is restricted to small areas in the eastern, north-central, southern and northwestern portions of the county and all rock outcrops and quarries are located in close proximity to surface topographic lows coincident with the modern drainages of the Mississippi and Wapsipinicon rivers and their tributaries Duck Creek, Walnut Creek, McDonald Creek and Dodges Creek. Throughout the remainder of the county bedrock is covered by moderately thick glacial sediments. Bedrock units consist of Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian and Pennsylvanian formations. The oldest unit at the bedrock surface is the Maquoketa Formation, a thick sequence of shale and dolomite. Silurian strata comprise the largest area of the bedrock surface across the county (Witzke, 1994), and include the combined Hopkinton and Blanding formations (cherty and moderately fossiliferous dolomite), the Scotch Grove Formation (moderately to abundantly fossil-moldic dolomite), and the Gower Formation (laminated to moderately fossilliferous dolomite). Devonian strata include the Wapsipinicon Group (limestone, dolomite and minor shale, partly breciated), the Cedar Valley Group (fossiliferous limestone and dolomite, variably argillaceous), and the Lime Creek Formation (shale and siltstone, abundant conodont fauna). Pennsylvanian System strata of the Raccoon Creek Group (dominated by shale, mudstone and sandstone with subordinate coal and minor limestone) comprises the youngest bedrock map unit in the county (Pope and Anderson, 2009; Witzke et al., 2010).

References Anderson, W.I., and Garvin, P.L. (eds), 1984: The Cedar Valley Formation (Devonian), Black Hawk and Buchanan counties:

Carbonate Facies and Mineralization, area. Geological Society.of Iowa, Guidebook 42, 47 p. Anderson, R.R., and Bunker, B.J. (eds), 1998: Fossil shells, glacial swells, piggy smells, and drainage wells: the geology of the

Mason City, Iowa, area. Geological Society.of Iowa, Guidebook 65, 71 p. Belanski, C.H., 1927: The Shellrock Stage of the Devonian. American Midland Naturalist, v. 10, p. 316-370. Bettis, E.A., III, 1989, Late Quaternary history of the Iowa River Valley in the Coralville Lake area in Plocher, O.W., Geologic

Reconnaissance of the Coralville Lake area: Geological Society of Iowa Guidebook 51, p. 93-100. Boellstorff, J., 1978a, North American Pleistocene Stages reconsidered in light of probable Pliocene-Pleistocene continental

glaciation: Science, v. 202 p. 305-307. Boellstorff, J., 1978b, Chronology of some late Cenozoic deposits from the central United States and the ice ages: Transactions

of the Nebraska Academy of Science, v. 6, p. 35-49. Day, J., Luczaj, J., and Anderson, R. (eds), 2006: New perspectives and advances in the understanding of lower and middle

Paleozoic epeiric carbonate depositional systems of the Iowa and Illinois basins, In Guidebook for the 36th Annual Field Conference of the Great Lakes Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) and the 67th Annual Tri-State Field Conference, September 29 – October 1, 2006, 167 p.

Esling, S.P., 1984, Quaternary stratigraphy of the lower Iowa and Cedar River valleys, southeast Iowa: University of Iowa, Iowa City, unpublished Ph.D Dissertation, 451p.

Groves, J.R., Walters, J.C., and Day, J. (eds), 2008: Carbonate platform facies and faunas of the Middle and Upper Devonian Cedar Valley Group and Lime Creek Formation, northern Iowa. IGS Guidebook 28, 96 p.

Hallberg, G.R., 1980, Pleistocene stratigraphy in east-central Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey Technical Information Series 10, 168p.

Hallberg, G.R., 1986, Pre-Wisconsin glacial stratigraphy of the central plains region in Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Missouri: in Richmond, G.M. and Fullerton, D.S., eds., Quaternary Glaciations in the United States of America, Report of the International Correlation Programme-Project 24: in Sibrava, V., Bowen, D.Q., and Richmond, G.M., (eds.), Quaternary Science Reviews, Quaternary Glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere, v. 5, p. 11-15.

Hallberg, G.R., Lineback, J.A., Mickelson, D.M., Knox, J.C., Goebel, J.E., Hobbs, H.C., Whitfield, J.W., Ward, R.A., Boellstorf, J.D., and Swinehart, J.B., 1991, Quaternary geologic map of the Des Moines 4° x 6° quadrangle, United States. U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Investigations Series, Map I-1420, 1:100,000 scale map sheet.

Hershey, H. G., 1969, Geologic map of Iowa, Iowa Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000 (out of print). Koch, D.L., 1970: Stratigraphy of the Upper Devonian Shell Rock Formation of north-central Iowa. IGS Report of Investigations

10, the state of Iowa, 123 p. Leverett, F. 1898. The weathered zone (Yarmouth) between the Illinoian and Kansan Till, Journal of Geology v. 6: 238-243. Leverett, F. 1899. The Illinois glacial lobe: U.S. Geological Survey Monograph, 38, 817p. Lineback, J.A., 1980, The Glasford Formation of western Illinois: Iowa Geological Survey Technical Information Series, no. 11,

181-184. Norton, W. H., 1899, Geology of Scott County: Iowa Geological Survey, Vol. 9, pp. 389-519. Prior, J.C., 1976, Landforms of Iowa: Iowa City, University of Iowa Press, 154 p. Prior, J.C. and Kohrt, C.J., 2006, The Landform Regions of Iowa, Iowa Geological Survey, digital map, available on IDNR GIS

Library-ftp://ftp.igsb.uiowa.edu/gis_library/ia_state/geologic/landform/landform_regions.zip; ttp://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/nrgislibx/

Pope, J.P. and Anderson, R. A., 2009, Revision of stratigraphic nomenclature and reclassification of the Morrowan, Atokan, Desmoinesian, Missourian, and Virgilian stages in Iowa, Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, No. 2, p. 33.Prior, J.C. and Korht, C.J., 2006, The Landform Regions of Iowa, Iowa Geological Survey, digital map, available on IDNR GIS Library- ftp://ftp.igsb.uiowa.edu/gis_library/ia_state/geologic/landform/landform_regions.zip; http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/nrgislibx/

Quade, D.J., Bettis, E.A. III, and Giglierano, J.D., 2004, Surficial geologic materials of the McCausland Quadrangle, Iowa Geological Survey Open File Map 04-5, 1:24,000 scale map sheet.

Quade, D.J., Tassier-Surine, S.A., McKay, R.M., Giglierano, J.D., and Bettis, E.A., III, 2005, Surficial geologic materials of the Eldridge 7.5'' Quadrangle, Scott County, Iowa, Iowa Geological Survey Open File Map 05-5, 1:24,000 scale map sheet.

Quade, D.J., Tassier-Surine, S.A., McKay, R.M., Giglierano, J.D. and Bettis, E.A., III, 2008, Surficial Geology of Cedar County, Iowa Final Phase: Surficial Geologic Map of Cedar County, Iowa, Iowa Geological and Water Survey Open File Map 08-8, 1:100,000 scale map sheet.

Ruhe, R.V., 1969, Quaternary Landscapes in Iowa: Ames, Iowa State University Press, 255p. Tassier-Surine, S.A., Quade, D.J., Liu, P., Giglierano, J.D., and Bettis, E.A., III, 2005, Surficial geologic materials of the Dixon

7.5'' Quadrangle, Scott County, Iowa, Iowa Geological Survey Open File Map 05-4, 1:24,000 scale map sheet. Tassier-Surine, S., Quade, Deborah, Bettis, E.A., III, McKay, R., Liu, H. and Giglierano, J., 2009a, Surficial Geology of the

Davenport West 7.5’ Quadrangle, Scott County, Iowa, Iowa Geological and Water Survey Open File Map 09-6, 1:24,000 scale map sheet.

Tassier-Surine, S., Quade, Deborah, Bettis, E.A., III, McKay, R., Liu, H. and Giglierano, J., 2009b, Surficial Geology of the Davenport East 7.5’ Quadrangle, Scott County, Iowa, Iowa Geological and Water Survey Open File Map 09-7, 1:24,000 scale map sheet.

Walters, J.C., 1996, General and Environmental Geology of the Cedar Falls/Waterloo Area, The Iowan Surface, in General and Environmental Geology of Cedar Falls/Waterloo and Surrounding Area, Northeast Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey Guidebook Series No. 22, p. 7-9.

Wickham, J.T., 1979, Pre-Illinoian till stratigraphy in the Quincy, Illinois area; in the 43rd annual Tri-State Geological Field Conference, Ilinois State Geological Survey Guidebook 14.

Willman, H.B. and Frye, J.C., 1970, Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin, 94, 204p.

Witzke, B.J., Anderson, R.R. and Pope, J.P., 2010, Bedrock Geologic Map of Iowa, scale: 1:500,000, Iowa Geological and Water Survey, Open File Digital Map OFM-10-1.

Witzke, B. J., 1994, Silurian Stratigraphy in the Quad Cities Area, Iowa-Illinois, in Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Quad-Cities Region East-Central Iowa, Northwestern Illinois, Geological Society of Iowa Guidebook 59, p. 3-15.

Witzke, B.J. and Bunker, B.J., 1984: Devonian stratigraphy of north-central Iowa. IGS Open File Report 84-2, p. 107-149. Witzke, B.J., Bunker, B.J., and Rogers, F.S., 1988: Eifelian through lower Frasnian stratigraphy and deposition in the Iowa area,

central midcontinent, U.S.A. in McMillan, N.J., Embry, A.F, and Glass, D.J. (eds.): Devonian of the World, Canadian Soc. Of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 14, vol. I, p. 221-250.

LEGEND

CENOZOIC

QUATERNARY SYSTEM

HUDSON EPISODE Qal - Al luvium (DeForest Formation-Undifferent iat ed) Variabl e t hi ckness of l ess t han 1 to 5 m (3-16 ft) of very dark gra y to brown, noncal careous to cal careous, strati fi ed silt y c lay loam, cl ay loa m, loam to sandy loam al luvium and colluvium in stream va lleys, on hill slopes a nd in closed depressions. Ma y overli e Glasford or Pre-Ill inoian forma tion glac ial til l, Peori a Forma tion loess or eoli an sa nd, or Noah Creek Forma tion 2 sand and gravel. Assoc iate d with l ow-reli ef modern fl oodplain, c losed depressions, modern dra ina gewa ys or toeslope posit ions on the l andscape. Sea sonal high water ta bl e and pote ntia l for frequent flooding. Qall t - Wapsipinicon and Mississippi Rive r Vall ey – Low Ter race (DeForest Format ion-C amp C ree k Mbr. a nd Robert s Creek Mbr. ). Variabl e t hi ckness of l ess than 1 to 5 m (3 -16 ft ) of very da rk gray to brown, noncalca re ous, strati fi ed silt y clay loam, loa m, or clay loam, associa ted with t he modern channel bel t of the Wapsipinic on River valle y. Overli es Noah Creek Formation 2. Occupies lowest posi ti on on the fl oodplain ie. modern channel be lts. Sea sona l high water table a nd frequent flooding potent ial . Qali -ht - Wapsipinicon and Missi ssippi River Val ley – Intermediate-High Terrace (DeForest Format ion-Gunder Mbr. ). Va ri abl e thickness of less than 1 t o 5 m (3-16 ft ) of very dark gra y to brown, noncal careous, sil ty clay loam to loa m a lluvium or colluvium. Overli es Noah Creek Formation 2 a long the Wapsipinic on R iver or the He nry Formation along the Missi ssippi River. Occupies t errace and val ley margin positi on 1 t o 2 m (3-7 ft) above the mode rn fl oodplain. Seasonal high wate r t abl e and low to moderate fl ooding potenti al. Qali -htb - Missi ssippi Rive r Vall ey – Intermediate-High Terr ace (DeForest Formation-Gunder Mbr.). Variable t hi ckness of l ess t han 1 to 5 m (3-16 ft) of very dark gray to brown, noncal careous, silt y clay loa m to loa m alluvium or c olluvium. Overl ies Devonian C edar Vall ey Group limestone a long the Mississippi River near B uffalo. Occupies terra ce and vall ey margin posi tion 1 to 2 m (3 -7 ft) above the modern fl oodplain. Seasonal high water t abl e and low to moderat e fl ooding potenti al. Qaf - Al luvial fan (Corrington Mbr.) Vari abl e thickness of 2 t o 5 m (7-16 ft ) of dark brown to yellowish brown, nonc alcreous, sil t l oam to l oam with interbedded le nses of fine sand and si lts. A pebble lag i s c ommonly found a t or near the fan surface. Overl ies thi ck sand a nd gravel of t he Noah Creek Formation 2 (along the Wapsipinic on River) or Henry Formation (along the Mississippi River). Steep angled fans occur at the ba se of low order drainages and col luvial slopes along the northern margin of t he Mississippi R iver Vall ey.

HUDSON AND WISCONSIN EPISODE

Qnw2 - Sand and Gravel (Noah Creek Format ion) 2 t o 8 m (7-26 ft ) of yel lowish brown to gra y, poorly t o well sorted, massive to wel l strat ified, coa rse t o fi ne feldspathic qua rt z sand, pebbly sa nd and gravel with few int ervening layers of silt y clay. Along the Wapsipini con River a t hin mant le of loe ss, re worked loess, or fi ne-grained alluvium may be prese nt. This unit includes sil ty col luvial deposit s derived from the adjacent ma p uni ts. In pl aces t hi s unit is ma ntl ed with 1 to 3 m (3 -10 ft ) of fine t o medium, well sorted medium to fine sand derived from wind re working of t he all uvium. This unit enc ompasses deposits t hat accumulat ed in low-reli ef stream val leys during the Wisconsin a nd Hudson epi sodes. Seasonal high water ta ble .

WISCONSIN EPISODE

Qe - Sand Dunes and Sand She ets (Peori a Formation-sand faci es) Generally l ess t han 3 m (10 ft) of yel lowish brown, massive, ca lcareous l oamy sand to fine sand. It may overl ie yel lowish-brown coa rse-grained sa nd and grave l (Noah C re ek Fm. 2) or l oa my Iowa n Erosion Surface materi als. Usually restricte d to a narrow belt south of the Wa psipinicon River Va lley. Qnw - Sand and Gravel (Noah Cree k Formation) Generally 8 m t o 38 m (26 to 125 ft) of yellowish brown to gray, poorly t o well sorted, massive to well stratifie d, c oarse to fine feldspathic quart z sand, pebbly sand and gravel with few intervening la yers of si lty cl ay. This unit i s shown only in cross sec tion. It is burie d by younger Hudson-a ge al luvial de posit s associat ed with t he Wa psipini con and Mississippi R iver vall eys. This uni t encompa sse s deposit s tha t ac cumulated in ri ver valle ys during the Wisconsin Episode. Qhm - Outwash Sand and Pebbly Sand (Henry Formation, Muscat ine Mbr. ) coa rse to fine sand and pebbly sand mant led with up to 1.5 m (5 ft) of eol ian sand; Kingston T errace complex in the Missi ssippi Valle y. Qhmb - Outwash Sand and Pe bbly Sand Shallow to Bedrock (Henry Formation, Musca tine Mbr. ) c oarse to fine sand and pe bbly sand mantl ed with up to 1. 5 m (5 ft) of eoli an sa nd; Kingston Terrac e complex in t he Mississippi Val ley. Overl ies Si luria n Gower Format ion fossil iferous dolomit es of the Anamosa and LeClaire Members from the northern part of t he quad to north of B ett endorf. From Bet tendorf area south, the deposi t i s benched on Middle Devonia n Wapsipinicon Group dolomi te a nd l imestone a nd or Lower Pennsylva nia n Ra ccoon C reek Group shale, mudstone or sandstone. Qhs - Outwash Sand and Pebbly Sand (Henry Formation, Sabula Mbr.) coarse to fi ne sa nd and pe bbly sand ma ntl ed with up to 5 m (16 ft) of eolia n sand; Sa vanna Terrace complex in t he Missi ssippi Va lley. Qhsb - Outwash Sand and Pebbly Sand Shallow to Bedroc k (Henry Forma tion, Sa bula Mbr.) coarse t o fi ne sa nd and pebbly sand ma ntl ed wi th up to 5 m (16 ft) of eol ian sand; Savanna Ter rac e complex in t he Mississippi Va lle y. Overl ies Silurian Gower Format ion fossi liferous dolomit es of the Anamosa and LeC laire Members from the northern part of the quad to north of B ette ndorf. From Bet tendorf area south, the deposi t i s benched on Middle Devonia n Wapsipinicon Group dolomi te a nd l imestone a nd or Lower Pennsylva nia n Ra ccoon C reek Group shale, mudstone or sandstone. Qpt - Loess Mantl ed Ter race (Peoria Forma tion –silt and/or sand facies) 2 to 7 m (7-23 ft ) of yellowish brown to gray, massive, j ointed, ca lcareous or non calca reous, si lt loa m and intercal ated fine to medium, well sorte d, sa nd. May gra de downward to poorly t o moderately wel l sort ed, moderat ely to well strati fi ed, coarse t o fi ne feldspathi c quartz sand, l oam, or silt loam al luvium (Late Pha se High Terrac e) or may overlie a Farmdale Geosol developed in Pisgah Silt which in turn overli es a wel l-expressed Sangamon Geosol developed in poorly to moderate ly well sort ed, modera tely to well strati fi ed, coarse t o fine sand, loam, or si lt loam al luvium (Ea rly Phase Hig h Terrace). The Pisgah Formation is in t he same st rat igraphic posi ti on a s the Roxanna Sil t whic h i s ma ppe d in Illi nois. Qptlp - Late Phase High Terr ace (LPHT ) (Peoria Formation-sil t and/or sand faci es) 2 to 7 m (7 -23 ft) of yel lowish brown to gray, massive, joint ed, ca lcareous or nonca lcareous, si lt l oam and intercala ted fi ne t o medium, wel l sort ed, sand. Grade s downward to poorly to moderat ely wel l sort ed, moderat ely to wel l strati fi ed, coarse t o fine feldspathic quartz sand, loam, or sil t l oam al luviu m. Qptep - Early Phase High Te rrac e (EPHT) (Peori a Formation-sil t and/or sand facie s) 2 t o 7 m (7-23 ft) of yel lowish brown to gray, massive, j ointed, calca reous or noncalcareous, silt l oam a nd intercala ted fi ne t o me dium, we ll sort ed, sand. The Peoria deposit s overl ie a Farmda le Geosol deve loped in the Pisgah Forma tion which in turn ove rl ies a wel l-expressed Sangamon Geosol developed in poorly to modera tely well sorted, moderately t o wel l st rat ifi ed, coarse to fi ne sa nd, l oam, or silt loam al luvium. The Pisga h Formation is in the same st rat igraphic positi on as t he R oxanna Silt which i s mapped in Ill inois. Qps - Loess (Peoria Format ion—silt fa cies) Genera lly 2 to 8 m ( 7 -26 ft) of yel lowish to grayish brown, ma ssive, joint ed calcareous or noncal careous silt loam to si lty cla y loam. Overlie s a gra yish brown to ol ive gra y si lty cl ay loam to si lty cl ay (Pi sgah Format ion—eroded Farmdale Geosol) whic h is l ess than 1.5 m (5 ft) t hi ck. T he Pi sgah Format ion is i n the same st rat igraphic posit ion as the Roxanna Si lt which i s mapped in Illi nois. The Farmdale Geosol appears to be di sturbed by periglaci al acti on and is welded to an older Sa nga mon Geosol de velope d in loa my glaci al til l of t he Wolf Creek or Alburnett formations. Thi s mapping unit encompasses upland divide s, ri dgetops and convex sideslope s. Well to somewhat poorly drained landscape. Qps1 - Loess and Interc alated E ol ian Sand (Pe oria Formation-sil t faci es) 2 to 10 m (7-33 ft ) of yel lowish brown to gray, massive , fra ctured, nonca lcareous grading d ownwa rd to cal careous silt loam and inte rcal ate d fine t o me dium, well sorted, sa nd. Sand i s most abundant in l ower part of t he eol ian pa ckage- eol ian dunes 0. 5 t o 2.5 m (2-8 ft) t hick may be present at the ba se of thi s unit . Overli es massive , fractured, loa my glacia l ti ll of the Wol f C reek or Alburnett format ions with or without interve ning c laye y Farmdale /Sangamon Geosol. Qps-gla - Loess (Peoria Formation—sil t fa cies) Ge nerally 2 to 8 m (7-26 ft ) of yellowish to gra yi sh brown, massive, jointed cal careous or nonca lcareous sil t loam to si lt y clay loam. Overli es a grayi sh brown to olive gra y sil ty cla y loam to si lty cla y (Pisga h Formation - eroded Fa rmda le Geosol) which i s less t han 1. 5 m (5 ft ) thick. The Pisga h Formation is i n the same strati graphic po si tion a s the R oxanna Sil t which i s mapped in Ill inois. The Fa rmda le Ge osol appea rs to be disturbed by perigl acia l a cti on and is welded to a n older Sangamon Geosol developed in loa my glaci al ti ll of the Glasford Forma tion. Thi s ma pping unit e ncompasses upland divides, ri dgetops and convex sideslopes. Wel l t o some wha t poorly drained landscape. Qpsb-gla - Thick Loe ss (Peoria Formation- sil t fac ies) Generally 5 to 15 m (16-49 ft) of yel lowish to grayi sh brown, massive, joint ed calc are ous or noncal careou s sil t loam to silt y cla y loam. Overlie s ma ssive, frac tured, cla y loa m gla cial ti ll of t he Gla sford Forma tion with or without i nte rvening cla yey Farmda le Geo sol and Pisga h Formation materia ls. T he Pi sgah Format ion i s in t he sa me strati gra phic posit ion as t he R oxa nna Silt which is mapped in Il linoi s. Thi s ma pping unit encompasses upland divide s, ri dgetops and convex sideslope s. Well t o somewhat poorly drained landscape. Qps1b-gla -T hic k Loess and I ntercalated E olian Sand (Peoria Formation-sil t faci es) 5 to 15 m (16-49 ft) of yellowish brown to gray, massive, noncal careous grading downward to cal care ous silt loam and int ercalat ed fi ne to medium, wel l sort ed, sand. Minimum thickness of 5 m (16 ft) on uplands. Maximum thickne ss of 2 -7 m (7-23 ft ) of l oess occurs on adj acent slopes. Overlie s massive, fractured, loamy glacia l ti ll of the Illi noian Gla sford Format ion with or without i ntervening clayey Farmdale /Sangamon Geosol . Qps2_gla - Eolian Sand and Inte rcalated Si lt (Peoria Formation—sa nd fa cies) General ly fi ve t o fi ft een meters (16 to 49 feet) of yellowish brown to gra y, moderat ely to wel l st rat ified noncal careous or calca reous, fine t o medium, wel l sorted, eol ian sand. Ma y contain int erbeds of yellowi sh brown to gra y, massive, si lt loam loe ss. Overlie s massive, fractured, l oamy glacia l til l of the Ill inoian Glasford Forma tion with or without i nt ervening clayey Farmdale /Sangamon Ge osol . Qgla2 - Loamy and Sandy Sediment Shallow to Glacial T ill (Unnamed erosion surfac e sediment ) 1 t o 3 m (3 -10 ft) of ye llowish brown to gray, massive t o weakly strati fi ed, wel l to poorly sorted loamy, sandy and si lt y erosion surfac e sediment . Map unit includes some a reas mant led with less tha n 2 m (7 ft) of Peoria sil t or sand. Overli es massive, fractured, firm glaci al ti ll of the Ill inoian Glasford Forma tion. Sea sonal ly high water tabl e may occur in thi s ma p uni t.

ILLINOIS EPISODE Qgla - T ill (Glasford Format ion) Ge nerally 3 t o 10 m (10-33 ft) of very dense, massive, fractured, loa my glaci al til l of the Ill inoian Glasford Forma tion with or without a thin loess mant le (Peori a Format ion—less than 2 m) and intervening cl ayey Farmdale/Sangamon Ge osol . Uppermost t ill may be reworke d (associ ated with the Iowan Su rface). Drainage is variable from well drained to poorly drained.

PRE-ILL INOIS EPISODE Qwa3 - T ill (Wolf C reek or Alburnett format ions) General ly 10 to 35 m (33-115 ft) of ve ry de nse, ma ssive, fractured, loamy glaci al til l of the Wol f Creek or Alburne tt formations with or without a thin loess mantl e (Peoria Format ion—less t han 2 m) a nd int ervening cl ayey Farmdale/Sa nga mon Geosol. Thi s ma pping unit enc ompasses narrowly dissecte d int erfluves a nd side slopes, a nd side val ley slopes. Drainage is va ria bl e from well drained to poorly dra ine d.

PA LEOZOIC

PALEOZOIC ERATHEM

PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM Prc - RACCOON CREEK GROUP (primarily Morrowan; locally i ncludes Atokan-lower Desmoinesian Tra dewater Formation in upper pa rt ). Recognized only in eastern Iowa in Scot t and Muscat ine count ies; includes i n a scending order the “ Caseyvill e” and Tradewater formations. Rest s unconformably on older ma p uni ts i n t he county and fi ll s pal eova ll eys a nd pal eokarst develope d in underlying Siluri an and Devonia n carbonate rocks. Prima ry li thologie s are: shale /mudstone, l ight to da rk g ray, partly sil ty t o sandy; sa ndstone , very fine t o me dium grained; si ltstone, gray. Secondary l ithologies are: ca rbona ceous sha le/mudstone, gray to black; phospha tic bla ck shale; limestone, dense, partl y fossil iferous, partl y sandy ; coal (beds l ocal ly > 2 ft). Minor lit hologies a re: sandstone, coarse grained to granular, partly conglomerati c; mudstone, red to pink; l imestone concret ions (may be septarian); cone-in-cone l imestone; sideri te/ ironstone concretions and pel let s; pyri tic . Ma ximum thi cknesses: 195 ft (59 m).

D EV ONIAN SYSTEM Dl - LIME CREEK FORMATION (Upper Devonian, upper Frasni an). The format ion i s comprise d entirely of t he Sweetl and Creek Shale i n the southwest portion o f the county. Primary li thologies are li ght green to brown shale, and green silt stone c ontaining an abunda nt and diverse fossil conodont fauna . Ma ximum thi ckness to 12 ft (4 m). Dc – CEDAR VAL LEY GROUP (Middle-Upper Devonian, middle Giveti an-lower Frasni an). The group includes in ascending order the Li ttl e Cedar, Cora lvi lle, a nd Lithograph C ity formations. Primary lit hologies a re: fossili ferous lime stone, with an abundant and diverse inverte bra te fauna, variably argill aceous, par tly biostromal ; and dolomit e, pa rt ly fossi l-moldic t o vuggy, variably argil lac eous. Maximum thickness of 85-90 ft (26-27 m) occurs in the southwest porti on of the county near Buffalo. Dw - WAPSIPINICON GROUP (Middle Devonian, upper Eifel ian-middle Givet ian). The group include s in ascending order t he B ert ra m, Otis, and Pini con Ridge forma tions. Primary lit hologies a re: dolomi te, part ly laminated, variably argill aceous, pa rt fet id; and limestone, dense, “sublit hogra phic”, partly lamina ted to i ntracl astic; dolomi te, fossil -moldi c to vuggy (lower Otis fm). Seconda ry li thologie s are: l imestone/dolomit e brecc ia (evapori te coll apse, upper Pinicon R idge Fm); dolomiti c sha le and shaly dolomit e, gra y to green-gray, part ly silt y-sandy; limestone , part ly pe loidal -ooli tic to fossili ferous (Ot is Fm). Minor l ithologies are: chert a nd chal cedony nodules (Pinicon Ridge Fm); and sandstone, fi ne to medium wi th larger dolomite cla st s (B ertra m Fm). Ma ximum thi cknesses of 112 ft (34 m).

SILURIAN S YSTEM Sg - GOWER FORMAT ION (Lower-?Uppe r Si lurian, Wenloc k-?Ludlow). The format ion includes Anamosa and LeClaire members; LeClaire Member ca n be a fossili ferous carbona te mound faci es or a hori zontally stra tified fossil -moldi c facie s. Erosional ly beveled and t runca ted be neath Dw. Primary li thologie s are: l amina ted to stromatoli tic dolomit e (Anamosa Mbr), pa rt feti d/organic; dolomit e mudstone, dense, featureless. Se condary lit hologies a re: dolomite, fossil iferous to vuggy, moldic,; dolomi te, pa rt ly coa rsely crystall ine, vuggy, fossil iferous to sparsely fossil iferous, part crinoidal and coral line (LeClai re Mbr). Minor l ithologies are: chert; intra clasti c dolomi te. Maximum thickness occurs at LeCla ire, 150 ft (46 m); t hins to the southwest to 70 ft (21 m) at Blue Grass. Ss - SCOTCH GROVE FORMATION (Lower Silurian, upper Lla ndovery-lower Wenlock). The formation includes the Johns Creek Quarry, Welton, B uck Creek Quarry, Waubeek, and Pali sa des-Ke pler members. The bulk of t he format ion i s comprised of the finely fossil -moldi c Welton Me mber. Ca rbona te mound fa cies of t he Palisa des-Kepler Member are repla ced lat era lly by inter-mound strata of the Waubeek Member. Everywhere overl ain by Sg. Primarily lit hologies are: dolomi te, porous, fossil -moldi c t o vuggy, part very crinoidal (includes Wel ton Mbr); dolomit e, cherty t o very che rty, dense (B uck C re ek Quarry Mbr). Seconda ry lit hologies are: dolomi te, spa rsely fossil-moldic, dense, part vuggy (include s Waubeek Mbr); dolomit e, coarsely crystall ine, part very crinoidal (within Johns Creek Quarry and Pa lisades-Kepler mbrs); dolomite mudstone , de nse. Minor l it hologies are: dolomite, slight ly a rgill aceous; quartz druse, c halc edony, sili cified fossils. Maximum thicknesses of 150 ft (46 m). Sh – HOPKINTON AND BL ANDING formations (Lower Siluri an, ?Rhuddanian, Aeronian-upper Llandovery. The Blanding Forma tion marks t he base of the Siluri an in t he county and i s overl ain by the substantial ly thicker Hopkinton Formation. The map uni t i s at the bedrock surface only wi thin t he deeply buri ed bedrock va lle y (Cle ona Cha nnel) in the northern and we st ern part of c ounty. Primary li thologie s are: dolomi te, fossil -moldi c t o vuggy, fine t o coarse crystal line; dolomi te, dense to porous, c herty t o very cherty, nodular to be dded che rt (espec iall y Bla nding Fm). Maximum map-unit thicknesses of 110 ft (35 m); Hopkinton 95 ft (30 m); B landing 15 ft (5 m). This uni t i s shown only in t he cross se ction.

OR DOVICIAN SYSTEM Om - MAQUOKET A FORMATION (Upper Ordovicia n; Ric hmondian [upper Kat ian]). T he formation includes in asce nding order the Elgin, Clermont , Fort Atkinson, and Brainard me mbers. The map unit is at the be drock surfa ce only within the de eply buried bedrock vall ey (C leona C hannel ) in the northern part of county. Primary li thologies are: shale , gre en-gray, varia bly dolomiti c, mostly unfossi li ferous; dolomite , argi lla ceous, part ly shaly, variably fossili ferous; dolomit e, part ly argil lace ous, partl y c herty. Seconda ry li thologie s are: shale, brown to brown-gray, organic, pa rtl y graptoli tic, partl y fi nely la minat ed (lower st rat a); interbedded dolomi te a nd shal e, part ly fossili ferous. Minor lit hologies are: dolomi te, phospha tic, argil lac eous (Elgin Mbr.). Maximum thicknesses of 210 ft (64 m). Thi s unit i s shown only in the cross section. Qf – Fil l Areas of major land fil ling. Fi ll associa ted wi th rai lroad grade s, higway gra des, a nd land l evel ing. Variabl e t exture. Dr ill Holes to Bedroc k Water Wel l Recor ds

Surficial Geology of Scott County, Iowa - IIHR · 2014-08-18 · Qaf Qpsb_gla Qptep Qa f Qallt...

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