Post on 20-Jan-2017
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI)
MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN BANGLADESH
Bhagya Rani Banik, M. Amiruzzaman, Md. Motiar Rohman and A.B.M. Khaldun
Plant Breeding Division
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute
Gazipur-170, Bangladesh
Maize in Bangladesh
Third most important cereal after rice and wheat
New crop: 3100 ha in 1990, 10000 ha in 1995,
202000 ha in 2009-2010
Mostly grown in cool winter Rabi season in North-west
and central Bangladesh
Expanding at approx 20% per year since early 1990s
Production: Approx. 1.37 mill. ton in 2009-2010
Annual requirement: Approx. 2.5 mill. ton
24% maize area is covered by our own seed
Maize growing seasons in Bangladesh
Seasons Growing
Months
Climate Maize
Ecosystem
s
%
Maize
area Temp.
Av.
Max.
Temp.
Av.
Min.
% RH
Winter Nov-Dec.
to Apr-May
28.80 C 17.50 C 60-65 Sub-
tropical
80
Summer Feb-Mar to
May-Jun
30.80 C 21.90 C 80-85 Tropical 20
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Nov
ember
Dec
ember
Januar
y
Febru
ary
Mar
ch
Apri
l
May
June
July
Augu
st
Septe
mber
Oct
ober
Ra
infa
ll (
mm
)
Dinajpur Gazipur
Fig. 1. Rainfall pattern in drought Dinajpur (Northern part) and Gazipur
(Central part)
Maize
Suitability
Map:
Most of
Bangladesh
moderately or
very suitable
Saline area
Low rainfall area
Major
cereals
Area
(mill. ha)
Production
(mill. ton)
Rice 10.00 28.90
Wheat 0.37 1.06
Maize 0.20 1.37
Table 1. Area and production of major cereals (2009-10)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1971
-72
1975
-76
1981
-82
1985
-86
1991
-92
1995
-96
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
Are
a (0
00 h
a), P
roduct
ion (
000 tons)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Yie
ld (
t/ha)
Area (000 ha) Production (000 tons) Yield (kg/ha)
Fig. 2. Maize production in Bangladesh from 1971-2010
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Locally produced Imported Total demand
To
n
Fig. Status of hybrid maize seed in Bangladesh
Economics of Wheat, Maize and Boro rice
45204
28752
16452
68000
44366
23634
60144
36978
23166
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Co
st a
nd
Re
turn
in
TK
Wheat Maize Boro rice
GR VC GM
BENEFITS
One homeless family of Bogra district, Whose land
was only 0.1 acre. He built a tin home from maize profit
BENEFITS
Example: A family of Lalmonirhat district newly restructured
brick house from their old tin home through maize profit
Table 2. Production target of maize in Bangladesh (2010-30)
Projected population/
Demand/ Production
target of maize
Projected Year
2010 2015 2020 2030
Projected pop. (mil.) 148.0 156.7 166.9 190.6
Demand (mil. ton) 1.88 2.25 3.00 3.50
Target area (mil. ha) 0.20 0.30 0.35 0.40
Target avg. yield (t/ha) 6.5 7.5 8.0 8.5
Prodtn. target (mil. ton) 1.30 2.25 2.80 2.97
Source: BBS and MoA
Reasons for Expansion of Maize in Bangladesh
Well adapted to Rabi season, giving high grain yield
Low risk (few pest or disease problems so far)
Rising demand for feed of expanding poultry and fish
farming
Highest rate of CHO production/unit land/day among
cereals
Year round production
Vegetative stage
Year round production of maize
Maize capturing Boro rice field
Accessible area for Future Maize Expansion in Bangladesh
Char land 0.82 mil. ha
Saline areas 0.85 mil. ha
Drought 1.20 mil. ha
Free grazing in the South Tobacco occupied mountain valleys
Utilization of unexploited areas
Char land Water logged maize field
Farmer`s field
No Lime & No Boron
Lime = 2 t/ha
Boron = 2 kg/ha
Lime = 2 t/ha
Boron = 2 kg/ha Farmer’s field
Lime = 0 t/ha
Boron = 0 kg/ha
Major maize based patterns:
Potato - Maize - T. Aman Rice
Maize - Mungbean - T.Aman Rice
Maize - Fallow - T.Aman Rice
Maize - Jute - T.Aman Rice
Objective of maize improvement
Varietal Improvement of high yielding maize with disease
and insect resistant
Varietal improvement of maize for specific objectives
1. Water logged tolerant and short duration variety for
Comilla region
2. Drought tolerant variety
3. Saline tolerant variety
4. QPM variety
5. Speciality maize : Baby corn, Pop corn and Sweet
corn
Source of Germplasm
1. CIMMYT (>90%)
a. Inbred
b. Hybrid
2. Local maize germplasm : mainly hilly region
3. Development of base population from exotic
superior materials & recycling
Collaborative works
1. CIMMYT
2. BMZ
3. ACIAR
Table. 3a. BARI maize varieties and their yield
OP varieties Year of Release Yield (t/ha)
Barnali 1986 4.7-5.2
Shuvra 1986 4.0-5.0
Khaibutta 1986 3.0-3.7
Mohor 1990 4.2-5.0
BARI Maize 5 1997 4.2-5.0
BARI Maize 6 1998 5.7-6.2
BARI Maize 7 2002 5.7-6.7
BARI Sweet Corn 1 2002 10.30 (green)
Name of the hybrid Year of Release Yield (t/ha)
BARI hybrid maize 1 2000 7.5-8.5
BARI hybrid maize 2 2002 8.0-9.0
BARI hybrid maize 3 2002 9.0-9.5
BARI hybrid maize 4 2002 7.5-8.5
BARI hybrid maize 5 2004 9.0-10.0
BARI hybrid maize 6 2006 9.8-10.0
BARI hybrid maize 7 2006 10.5-11.2
BARI hybrid maize 8 2007 9.7-11.5
BARI hybrid maize 9 2007 10.2-12.0
BARI hybrid maize 10 2008 9.0-11.5
BARI hybrid maize 11 2008 9.5-11.5
Table. 3b. BARI maize varieties and their yield
Promising BARI maize hybrids
BHM- 5 Normal Maize
Tryptophan : 0.11 % 0.05 %
Lysine : 0.475 % 0.225 %
Protein :11.00 % 9.00 %
Helpful for animal feed and alleviate malnutrition
BARI Hybrid Maize 5 Yield: 9 to 10 t/ha
Maturity: 145 to 150 days
Kernel: Orange Flint
BARI Hybrid Maize 6
Yield: 10 to 11 t/ha
Maturity: 139 to 145 days
Kernel: Orange yellow, Flint
BARI Hybrid Maize 7
Yield: 10 to 11 t/ha
Maturity: 140 to 145 days
Kernel: Yellow, Semi flint
BARI Hybrid Maize 7
Yield: 10.2-11.5 t/ha
Maturity: 145-150 days
Kernel: Orange Yellow, dent
BARI Hybrid Maize 9
BARI Hybrid Maize 8 Yield: 9.7-11.5 t/ha
Maturity: 138-142 days
Kernel: Yellow, dent
Yield: 10.0-12.0 t/ha
Maturity: 145-150 days
Kernel: Yellow, dent
BARI Hybrid Maize 11
Yield: 10.0-11.5 t/ha
Maturity: 145-150 days
Kernel: Orange Yellow, Flint
BARI Hybrid Maize 10
Research activities for
water logged tolerant
variety
Research activities for saline tolerant variety
Challenges
1. Competition with boro rice and other
winter crops
2. Used only for poultry & fish industry
3. Price hiking of production inputs
4. Increase of saline and drought area
due to climate change
Utilization
Versatile uses:
1. Food (Rooti, Chapra, Firni,
Satu, etc. )
2. Feed (poultry, dairy, fish)
3. Green cob, boiled, roasted and
pop
4. Fodder, fuel
Fresh and boiled cobs in a tribal market
South (Ukhia): Boiled cob
Making Chapati/ Rooti
Challenges
1. Competition with boro rice and other
winter crops
2. Used only for poultry & fish industry
3. Price hiking of production inputs
4. Increase of saline and drought area
due to climate change
To keep pace with future demand of maize concurrently
decreasing of cultivable land, vertical and horizontal
expansion need to be taken through improving maize
productivity.
It needs to increase maize area in southern belt, hilly
area, char land and in drought areas where thousands
of hectares of land remain fallow during rabi and kharif
seasons by adopting suitable variety.
Conclusion
Thank You