S3.4. MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN BANGLADESH

Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI)

MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN BANGLADESH

Bhagya Rani Banik, M. Amiruzzaman, Md. Motiar Rohman and A.B.M. Khaldun

Plant Breeding Division

Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute

Gazipur-170, Bangladesh

Maize in Bangladesh

Third most important cereal after rice and wheat

New crop: 3100 ha in 1990, 10000 ha in 1995,

202000 ha in 2009-2010

Mostly grown in cool winter Rabi season in North-west

and central Bangladesh

Expanding at approx 20% per year since early 1990s

Production: Approx. 1.37 mill. ton in 2009-2010

Annual requirement: Approx. 2.5 mill. ton

24% maize area is covered by our own seed

Maize growing seasons in Bangladesh

Seasons Growing

Months

Climate Maize

Ecosystem

s

%

Maize

area Temp.

Av.

Max.

Temp.

Av.

Min.

% RH

Winter Nov-Dec.

to Apr-May

28.80 C 17.50 C 60-65 Sub-

tropical

80

Summer Feb-Mar to

May-Jun

30.80 C 21.90 C 80-85 Tropical 20

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Nov

ember

Dec

ember

Januar

y

Febru

ary

Mar

ch

Apri

l

May

June

July

Augu

st

Septe

mber

Oct

ober

Ra

infa

ll (

mm

)

Dinajpur Gazipur

Fig. 1. Rainfall pattern in drought Dinajpur (Northern part) and Gazipur

(Central part)

Maize

Suitability

Map:

Most of

Bangladesh

moderately or

very suitable

Saline area

Low rainfall area

Major

cereals

Area

(mill. ha)

Production

(mill. ton)

Rice 10.00 28.90

Wheat 0.37 1.06

Maize 0.20 1.37

Table 1. Area and production of major cereals (2009-10)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1971

-72

1975

-76

1981

-82

1985

-86

1991

-92

1995

-96

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

2009

-10

Are

a (0

00 h

a), P

roduct

ion (

000 tons)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Yie

ld (

t/ha)

Area (000 ha) Production (000 tons) Yield (kg/ha)

Fig. 2. Maize production in Bangladesh from 1971-2010

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Locally produced Imported Total demand

To

n

Fig. Status of hybrid maize seed in Bangladesh

Economics of Wheat, Maize and Boro rice

45204

28752

16452

68000

44366

23634

60144

36978

23166

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

Co

st a

nd

Re

turn

in

TK

Wheat Maize Boro rice

GR VC GM

BENEFITS

One homeless family of Bogra district, Whose land

was only 0.1 acre. He built a tin home from maize profit

BENEFITS

Example: A family of Lalmonirhat district newly restructured

brick house from their old tin home through maize profit

Table 2. Production target of maize in Bangladesh (2010-30)

Projected population/

Demand/ Production

target of maize

Projected Year

2010 2015 2020 2030

Projected pop. (mil.) 148.0 156.7 166.9 190.6

Demand (mil. ton) 1.88 2.25 3.00 3.50

Target area (mil. ha) 0.20 0.30 0.35 0.40

Target avg. yield (t/ha) 6.5 7.5 8.0 8.5

Prodtn. target (mil. ton) 1.30 2.25 2.80 2.97

Source: BBS and MoA

Reasons for Expansion of Maize in Bangladesh

Well adapted to Rabi season, giving high grain yield

Low risk (few pest or disease problems so far)

Rising demand for feed of expanding poultry and fish

farming

Highest rate of CHO production/unit land/day among

cereals

Year round production

Vegetative stage

Year round production of maize

Maize capturing Boro rice field

Accessible area for Future Maize Expansion in Bangladesh

Char land 0.82 mil. ha

Saline areas 0.85 mil. ha

Drought 1.20 mil. ha

Free grazing in the South Tobacco occupied mountain valleys

Utilization of unexploited areas

Char land Water logged maize field

Farmer`s field

No Lime & No Boron

Lime = 2 t/ha

Boron = 2 kg/ha

Lime = 2 t/ha

Boron = 2 kg/ha Farmer’s field

Lime = 0 t/ha

Boron = 0 kg/ha

Major maize based patterns:

Potato - Maize - T. Aman Rice

Maize - Mungbean - T.Aman Rice

Maize - Fallow - T.Aman Rice

Maize - Jute - T.Aman Rice

Objective of maize improvement

Varietal Improvement of high yielding maize with disease

and insect resistant

Varietal improvement of maize for specific objectives

1. Water logged tolerant and short duration variety for

Comilla region

2. Drought tolerant variety

3. Saline tolerant variety

4. QPM variety

5. Speciality maize : Baby corn, Pop corn and Sweet

corn

Source of Germplasm

1. CIMMYT (>90%)

a. Inbred

b. Hybrid

2. Local maize germplasm : mainly hilly region

3. Development of base population from exotic

superior materials & recycling

Collaborative works

1. CIMMYT

2. BMZ

3. ACIAR

Table. 3a. BARI maize varieties and their yield

OP varieties Year of Release Yield (t/ha)

Barnali 1986 4.7-5.2

Shuvra 1986 4.0-5.0

Khaibutta 1986 3.0-3.7

Mohor 1990 4.2-5.0

BARI Maize 5 1997 4.2-5.0

BARI Maize 6 1998 5.7-6.2

BARI Maize 7 2002 5.7-6.7

BARI Sweet Corn 1 2002 10.30 (green)

Name of the hybrid Year of Release Yield (t/ha)

BARI hybrid maize 1 2000 7.5-8.5











Table. 3b. BARI maize varieties and their yield

Promising BARI maize hybrids

BHM- 5 Normal Maize

Tryptophan : 0.11 % 0.05 %

Lysine : 0.475 % 0.225 %

Protein :11.00 % 9.00 %

Helpful for animal feed and alleviate malnutrition

BARI Hybrid Maize 5 Yield: 9 to 10 t/ha

Maturity: 145 to 150 days

Kernel: Orange Flint

BARI Hybrid Maize 6

Yield: 10 to 11 t/ha


Kernel: Orange yellow, Flint

BARI Hybrid Maize 7

Yield: 10 to 11 t/ha


Kernel: Yellow, Semi flint

BARI Hybrid Maize 7

Yield: 10.2-11.5 t/ha

Maturity: 145-150 days

Kernel: Orange Yellow, dent

BARI Hybrid Maize 9

BARI Hybrid Maize 8 Yield: 9.7-11.5 t/ha


Kernel: Yellow, dent

Yield: 10.0-12.0 t/ha


Kernel: Yellow, dent

BARI Hybrid Maize 11

Yield: 10.0-11.5 t/ha


Kernel: Orange Yellow, Flint

BARI Hybrid Maize 10

Research activities for

water logged tolerant

variety

Research activities for saline tolerant variety

Challenges

1. Competition with boro rice and other

winter crops

2. Used only for poultry & fish industry

3. Price hiking of production inputs

4. Increase of saline and drought area

due to climate change

Utilization

Versatile uses:

1. Food (Rooti, Chapra, Firni,

Satu, etc. )

2. Feed (poultry, dairy, fish)

3. Green cob, boiled, roasted and

pop

4. Fodder, fuel

Fresh and boiled cobs in a tribal market

South (Ukhia): Boiled cob

Making Chapati/ Rooti

Challenges

1. Competition with boro rice and other

winter crops

2. Used only for poultry & fish industry

3. Price hiking of production inputs

4. Increase of saline and drought area

due to climate change

To keep pace with future demand of maize concurrently

decreasing of cultivable land, vertical and horizontal

expansion need to be taken through improving maize

productivity.

It needs to increase maize area in southern belt, hilly

area, char land and in drought areas where thousands

of hectares of land remain fallow during rabi and kharif

seasons by adopting suitable variety.

Conclusion

Thank You

S3.4. MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN BANGLADESH

Education

Transcript of S3.4. MAIZE IMPROVEMENT IN BANGLADESH