Post on 29-Jan-2016
Reformation“What must I do to be saved?”
Impact of Renaissance
Italian Renaissance started a movement:
Christian Humanism– Major goal was the reform
of Christianity
– Believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves
– Thought if people read the Classics and basic Christian texts people would become more pious
What does pious mean?
• “Having or showing a dutiful spirit of reverence for God or an earnest wish to fulfill religious obligations”
• Christian Humanists thought inner piety would bring about a reform of the church
So,
• Believed people should read• Believed people would become good from reading• So, they supported schools
*In order to CHANGE the church needed to change the humans who made up the church!
Desiderius Erasmus• An EXAMPLE of a Christian Humanist
• Gave up being a monk- wandered Europe
• Spread the Philosophy of Christ
Philosophy of Christ
Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis
Inward feelings of religion = Important
External forms = Not important
Wrote “The Praise of The Folly”
Other CriticsJohn Wycliffe of England & Jan Hus
- Denied that the Pope had the right to worldly powers
-Bible had more authority than Church leaders
Corruption In Catholic Church• Between 1450-1520 popes are referred to as the
“Renaissance Popes”
• Too concerned with Italian politics
– Julius II = “warrior Pope” who personally led armies against his enemies
– Popes were patrons of art and architecture
Clergy also preoccupied by money…
To increase revenue, many took on
more than one job = PLURALISM
This led to absenteeism
Salvation
The Catholic Church believed to get to heaven you needed to:
1. Have Faith- meaning being a good Catholic (pray, go to Church, etc.)
2. Do good Work
During the Renaissance, people also believed they could buy relics or indulgences
MARTIN LUTHER
Was a professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg
Salvation (According to Luther)
According to Luther, humans were powerless in the eyes of God
Therefore they could NEVER do enough good works to get into heaven
To Luther, humans are saved through faith ALONE
Luther’s Teachings
• Taught that salvation happened from FAITH ALONE
• Bible = chief guide to religious truths
• Disagreed with Johann Tetzel who once said: “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.”
October 31, 1517
Posted
95 Theses
on the castle doorCriticized indulgences!
Reaction of Pope Leo
Spread…
• Thousands of copies spread throughout Germany
Luther began a break:Attacked the sacraments
• Kept baptism & Lord’s supper
Allowed clergy to marry
Now the Pope is mad…
• Church excommunicates Luther
• Brought before legislative assembly of Roman Empire (headed by Charles V)
• Charles V passed the Edict of Worms
Edict of Worms
• Martin Luther= an outlaw
• His works are to be burned
• Luther should be captured
Groups… Fill in Charts!
Path to SalvationCatholic
– Faith
– Do Good Work– During Renaissance:
• Buying indulgences• Buying relics
Lutheran– Faith
Source of TruthCatholic
– Bible
– Pope/ Priests
Lutheran– Bible
SacramentsCatholic7 Sacraments
Lutheran2 Sacraments
Baptism
Communion
Design of ChurchCatholic
– Gothic Cathedrals
– Large, dramatic, art
Lutheran– Simple
Can Priests Marry?Catholic
– No
Lutheran– Yes
After Worms….
• Luther begins to break away….
• He is no longer reforming the Catholic Church- new Lutheran Church is developing
New religious services…• Worship service consisted of:
– Bible readings– Preaching the word of God– Song
Masses held in simple churches,
no longer in Latin- very plain!
Martin Luther gets married!
Not Luther or Katerina!
In Germany…
• Rulers motivated by:
• Converted to Lutheran and took control of churches and land
• Lutheran Churches became state churches*Political leaders not the pope held the last word
Spread not all easy…
Look at your group work…
Peasant War in Germany
Charles V
Peace of Augsburg
Peace of Augsburg
• The ruler determines the religion for the state
• Why does this matter?– There are religious options!– Lutheran (as a religion) is formally accepted
In England…
King of England vs. Church
Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon
• Henry VIII (Catholic) wants to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon (Catholic)
• Normally the Pope would grant an annulment, but Catherine is the AUNT of Charles V
MARY
Church Said No?• Henry, furious, gets
Parliament to rule that the King of England was supreme
• This Parliament was known as the Reformation Parliament
Married Anne Boleyn
Elizabeth
Act of Supremacy
• Henry is the head of the Church Of England
• Anglican Church
The Six Wives of Henry VIII To satisfy his desires and to
secure a male heir, Henry married six times:
1. CATHERINE OF ARAGON marriage was annulled 1533.
2. ANNE BOLEYN who was executed and her daughter Elizabeth was declared illegitimate.
3. JANE SEYMOUR who died in 1537 after giving birth to Edward VI.
4. ANNE OF CLEVES (who Henry married sight unseen) but the marriage was annulled by Parliament
5. CATHERINE HOWARD was beheaded for adultery in 1542.
6. CATHERINE PARR survived him.
Edward VI (1547-1553)When Henry died, his son
Edward VI rules.
He was only ten years old!
England fully enacted the Protestant Reformation.– Act Of Uniformity – Book of Common Prayer – Images and altars were removed from
the churches in 1550.
Mary I (1553-1558)
In 1553, Mary succeeded Edward
Attempted to restore Catholic doctrine and practice.
Bloody Mary
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)• Ascended throne in 1558
• Resolved religious disputes– Act of Supremacy
• Single
• Phillip II (Spain)*1588 Spanish Armada*
England wins!!!!!
(Daughter: Mary)
(Daughter: Elizabeth) (Son: Edward VI)