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The Protestant Reformation. The state of Europe Powerful/wealthy Catholic Church Renaissance...
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Transcript of The Protestant Reformation. The state of Europe Powerful/wealthy Catholic Church Renaissance...
The Protestant Reformation
The state of EuropePowerful/wealthy Catholic Church
RenaissanceHumanism
Rise of Nations and Nationalism
Catholic Church in the 15th Century
Defined by extravagance
Pope Leo X
Needed $$$ for St. Peter’s Bascilica
Approves the sale of indulgences (buying your way into purgatory/heaven)
Money for building project
Martin Luther - 1517
95 Theses
Criticized practices of the Church
(Including sale of indulgences)
Edict of Worms
Holy Roman Emperor condemned Luther and his writings
95 Theses
1. When Jesus said "repent" he meant that believers should live a whole life repenting
2. Only God can give salvation - not a priest.
3. Inwards penitence must be accompanied with a suitable change in lifestyle.
4. Sin will always remain until we enter Heaven.
5. The pope must act according to canon law.
6. Only God can forgive -the pope can only reassure people that God will do this.
7. A sinner must be humbled in front of his priest before God can forgive him.
Effects of Martin LutherPrinting Press = 95 Theses available to many people
1530 – Lutheranism an official branch of Christianity
Begins the Protestant Reformation
Protestant England1527 – Pope refuses to annul King Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon
1534 – Henry breaks with the Catholic Church to divorce his wife, becomes official Head of Church of England
1553 – Queen Mary I – Back to Catholic, death to Protestants!
1558 – Queen Elizabeth I - restores Church of England – persecutes Catholics
The Counter-Reformation
Which is really a reformation, and what Martin Luther wanted in the first place
Counter-Reformation
The Church response to the Protestant movement
St. Ignatius of Loyola founds the Jesuit Order -
1534
Concentrate on education
Founded schools, missions, and universities
Council of Trent 1545-1563Training of priests
regulated
Indulgences abolished
Got rid of financial abuses
Rejects Protestants emphasis on the individual
Boost to Catholicism
Women in the Church
Before Renaissance, lived only in Convents
After…
Would help poor/orphans/sick
Founded Orders toeducate girls
train women to be teachers
Build schools for girls
Inquisition (not to be confused with the earlier and more violent Spanish Inquisition of Mel
Brooks fame)
Church court to fight Protestantism
Accused Protestants of breaking church law
Used torture violence etc… (why not, it works! …right?)
Reading: Brought Before the Inquisition,
1573Why does Paolo Veronese believe he is brought before the Inquisitors?
What issues do they have with the figures in his painting?
What is the major complaint about the painting?
What does he change?
What does the result of the inquiry tell you about the Inquisition as a whole?