Prokaryotes,

Bacteria, & Viruses TEST REVIEW PPT

The following material will be

on the test this Friday!

• Kingdoms and their key features & descriptions

• Classification Vocab

• How to create a cladogram

• Taxonomic levels (KPCOFGS)

• Prokaryotic cell structure

• Shapes of bacteria

• Types of bacteria (thermoacidophiles, methanogens,

halophiles)

• Bacteriophage structure & function

• Bacterial reproduction (conjugation & binary fission)

• Viral function & replication (process and structures involved)

Kingdoms & Key Features

• ARCHAEBACTERIA – first form of life on earth, can live in extreme environments, prokaryotes

• EUBACTERIA – prokaryotes, some help us and some hurt us

• PROTISTA – “junk drawer” kingdom, all eukaryotes, some multicellular and some unicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs, some stationary, some move

• FUNGI – feed on dead/decaying things, have a nucleus, multicellular (except yeast), not able to move, reproduce by spores

• PLANTAE – autotrophs, multicellular, have cell walls

• ANIMALIA – heterotrophs, multicellular, move at some point in their lives, vertebrates & invertebrates

Unit Vocab (Know these terms)

• Taxonomy

• Phylogeny

• Species

• Derived trait

• Ancestral trait

• Cladogram

• Binomial nomenclature

• Homologous & Analagous Characteristics

• Binary fission

• Conjugation

• Retrovirus

• Endospore

• Prion

Creating a Cladogram

When given a cladogram determine the following…

• Close relatives

• Distant relatives

• Ancestral trait

• Derived trait

Taxonomic Levels

K P C O F G S

• Know the correct sequence

• When given a chart, be able to determine close and distant

relatives

Species #1 Species #2 Species #3

Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya

Kingdom Plantae Plantae Plantae

Phylum Magnoliophyda Magnoliophyda Magnoliophyda

Class Rosidae Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida

Order Sapindales Fagales Fagales

Family Aceraceae Fagaceae Fagaceae

Genus Acer Quercus Castanea

Species saccharum Rubra Dentata

Common Name Sugar Maple Red Oak American Chesnut

Prokaryotic (Bacterial)

Structure

Be able to draw and label this structure

Bacteria Shapes

Know these shapes and be able to draw them

Types of Bacteria

• THERMOACIDOPHILES – live in hot,

acidic areas

• HALOPHILES – live in very salty areas

• METHANOGENS – live in areas of no

oxygen

Bacteriophage (Structure & Function)

Be able to draw and label this structure Capsid, tail, tail fibers, DNA

Also, what does a bateriophage do?

Bacterial Reproduction

• Two types:

Binary fission – asexual reproduction,

chromosome replicates, then separates

Conjugation – sexual reproduction, cells

attach and exchange info

Virus Function & Replication

• Host cell – cell where the virus replicates

• Why are viruses non-living?

• No organelles

• Can’t reproduce on their own

• Can’t make proteins

• Retrovirus – has RNA instead of DNA

• Lytic Cycle – immediate effects, results in immediate bursting of the host cell, ex: influenza, common cold

• Lysogenic Cycle – long-term effects, becomes part of the cell’s nucleus, can be dormant for years, ex: AIDS, herpes