Prokaryotes Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. They are Everywhere Very cold, hot, salty, acidic...
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Transcript of Prokaryotes Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. They are Everywhere Very cold, hot, salty, acidic...
They are Everywhere
Very cold, hot, salty, acidic environments They exist in our digestive systems, and
in our mouths They also help to recycle carbon and
other important nutrients in the soil
2 branches of Monera
Bacteria and Archaea Archaea – extremophiles – they live in
very extreme conditions Thermophiles – live in very hot
conditions Halophiles – live in very salty conditions Methanogens – archaea bacteria that
live in anaerobic conditions and produce methane gas
Shapes of Bacteria
Bacilli – rod shaped bacteria Coccus – round bacteria (strep/staph) Spirochetes – spiral-shaped bacteria (ex.
Syphilis) Clostridium botulinum – causes botulism
– produces endospores that can remain dormant for years
Bacterial Reproduction
Bacteria reproduce by binary fission Binary fission - when the bacteria
continuously copy their DNA and divide rapidly.
Conjugation – the exchange of genetic material between two bacterial cells
Bacterial Nutrition
Photoautotrophs – bacteria that photosynthesize – ex. Cyanobacteria
Chemoautotrophs – make food from CO2 and other chemicals
Chemoheterotrophs – obtain food from an organic source
Bacteria that cause disease
Bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease are called pathogens.
Some bacteria produce exotoxins. Exotoxins are poisons that are very harmful.
Ex. Staphylococcus aureus produces a flesh eating exotoxin.
Endotoxins are found in the bacterial cell membrane
Ex. Salmonella has an endotoxin in its cell membrane that causes food poisoning
Bacteria and chemical recycling
Bacteria recycle nitrogen and carbon in the soil.
Bacteria decompose dead and decaying matter and return vital nutrients to the soil.
Bioremediation
Bioremediation – the use of bacteria decomposers to treat our sewage
Bacteria are also used to clean oil spills
Gram positive and negative
Gram staining is a way to determine the type of bacterial infection present.
The cell wall determines whether it is a gram positive or negative bacteria.
Other facts about bacteria
Live with other things in symbiotic relationships
Ex. Cows do not digest cellulose, but feed on grass. They have bacteria in their guts to break down the cellulose. This is a mutualistic relationship
Mutualism - when both organisms benefit from the relationship.
Bacteria can also use flagella to move