Post on 23-Feb-2016
description
Power Generation OverviewTommy Waggoner
Generators
Illustration of a real power plant generator. Stator refers to the part that does not move, and rotor refers to the part that is rotated inside the stator. The rotor is a large electromagnet with windings inside to produce a magnetic field. As it rotates inside the stator, induced current is generated at the windings of the stator.
http://www.hk-phy.org/energy/power/act_ac_gen_e.html
Wind Generation
Wind Generation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine
Wind Generation
http://www.siemens.com/press/pool/de/pressebilder/2012/photonews/300dpi/PN201204/PN201204-06e_300dpi.jpg
Wind Generation
Pros• No air or water pollution• Renewable Resource• “Free” fuel
Cons• Unpredictable output• Most available off-peak• Obstruction of views• Noise• Small capacity (1.5MW)• Kills wildlife (birds, bats,etc.)
Hydro Generation/Pumped Storage Hydro
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hydroelectric_dam.svg
Hydro Generation
Pros• No air or water pollution• Renewable• “Free” fuel• Benefits of man-made lakes
Cons• Susceptible to drought• Expensive to build• Environmental impact• Burdens of man-made lakes
Combustion Turbines
GPC’s Plant Robins
Combustion Turbines
Combustion Turbines primarily burn natural gas but they are flexible and can burn other fuels as well:
• Fuel Oil• Landfill Methane• Gasified Coal (IGCC)
Gas Fired Combustion Turbine Generation
Pros• Gas is cleanest fossil fuel
– Low NOx, SO2 and CO2
• Relatively low capital cost• Quick start capability
Cons• Non renewable• High operating costs
– Heat Rate ~12000 Btu/kwh
• Fuel Price is very volatile
Coal Fired Steam Plant
GPC’s Plant Scherer
Coal Fired Steam Plant
GPC’s Plant Scherer
Coal Fired Steam Plant
AirHeater
BottomAsh
Flyash
Gypsum
NOXCombustion
Controls
Bagh
ouse
(Hg)
(Act
ivat
ed C
arbo
nIn
ject
ion)
Fuel Changes
NewStack
Coal-Fired Boiler NOx & Hg ControlSCR
SO2 & Hg(acid gases)
ControlScrubber
Dust&Hg Control
ESPACI
Limestone
SNCR
Emission Control Technologies
Coal Fired Steam Generation
Pros• Typically, coal is a low cost fuel• Plentiful fuel supply• Large capacity• Reliable
Cons• High emissions (Nox, SO2, CO2)• Particulates• Non-renewable• Coal mining issues
– Safety– Environmental impact
Nuclear Steam Plant
SNC’s Plant Vogtle
Nuclear Steam Plant
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PWR_nuclear_power_plant_diagram.svg
Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR): Vogtle, Farley
Nuclear Steam Plant
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BWR_nuclear_power_plant_diagram.svg
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR): Hatch
Nuclear Steam Generation
Pros• No NOx, SO2 or CO2 emissions• Inexpensive fuel costs• Uranium is plentiful
Cons• High capital costs• Safety concerns• Radioactive waste
Combined Cycle Plant
Combined Cycle Plant
Combined Cycle Plant
Combined Cycle Plant
Combined Cycle Plant
Gas Fired Combined Cycle Generation
Pros• Gas is cleanest fossil fuel
– Low NOx, SO2 and CO2
• Comparatively low capital cost• Short startup time• High efficiency
– Heat Rate ~7000 Btu/kwh
Cons• Non renewable fuel• Fuel Price is very volatile
Q: Which Generation Type is Best?
A: All of the Above
1/1/
04
4/10
/04
7/19
/04
10/2
7/04
2/4/
05
5/15
/05
8/23
/05
12/1
/05
3/11
/06
6/19
/06
9/27
/06
1/5/
07
4/15
/07
7/24
/07
11/1
/07
2/9/
08
5/19
/08
8/27
/08
12/5
/08
3/15
/09
6/23
/09
10/1
/09
1/9/
10
4/19
/10
7/28
/10
11/5
/10
2/13
/11
5/24
/11
9/1/
11
12/1
0/11
3/19
/12
6/27
/12
10/5
/12
1/13
/13
4/23
/13
$0.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
$25.00 Comparison of Gas and Coal Volatility at Plant Barry
Barry 1 Coal Barry 6 Gas
Mar
gina
l Fue
l Pric
e ($
/mm
Btu)
Stack Report
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 500000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
NuclearCoalGasOil
Cumulative MW
Mar
gina
l Cos
t ($/
MW
h)
Winter
Spring / Fall
Summer
12:00 AM
1:00 AM
2:00 AM
3:00 AM
4:00 AM
5:00 AM
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
6:59 PM
8:00 PM
9:00 PM
9:59 PM
11:00 PM0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Customer Load
12:00 AM
1:00 AM
2:00 AM
3:00 AM
4:00 AM
5:00 AM
6:00 AM
7:00 AM
8:00 AM
9:00 AM
10:00 AM
11:00 AM
12:00 PM
1:00 PM
2:00 PM
3:00 PM
4:00 PM
5:00 PM
6:00 PM
6:59 PM
8:00 PM
9:00 PM
9:59 PM
11:00 PM0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Customer Load
HydroCombustion Turbines
Nuclear
Coal
Combined Cycles