Overview of Internet Ppt 3280

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CHAPTER CHAPTER

An Overview of An Overview of Internet and Its Internet and Its

ApplicationsApplications

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Chapter Objectives

• Define the different architectures of the Internet

• Highlight some of the communication applications on the Internet

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Chapter Modules

• Internet, Intranet and Extranet• Messaging• E-Commerce• Voice Over IP and Internet

Telephony

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Chapter Modules (Continued)

• Virtual Private Network (VPN)• WAN and Access Technologies• Audio and Video Streaming• Video Conferencing

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Web Research• Audio and Video streaming

– www.calstatele.edu/ats/real– www.microsoft.com

• Extranet• e-server in a box

– Internet appliance

• VPN– www.cisco.com– www.lucent.com

• Overcoming latency in TCP/IP

MODULE

Internet Architectures

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Architectures

• Internet– The global

• Intranet– An Internet restricted to the

company’s own perimeter• Extranet

– Intranet extended to include outside organizations dealing with a particular organization

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InternetServiceProvider

Internet Defined

Internet Backbone run by major carriers

IndividualsSOHOUser

CompanyNetwork

InternetServiceProvider

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Fire Wall

Intranet Defined

Internal Company Backbone

Mini or MainframeComputer systems

DepartmentalComputerSystem

DepartmentalLAN

Internet

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Internet

Extranet Defined

Company’s Intranet

Business Associates

Other businessesdealing withcompany A.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

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END OF MODULEEND OF MODULE

MODULE

Email and Messaging

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• Messages exchanged among Internet subscribers

• Vary from a simple text based messages to one that carries different attachments– Word, PowerPoint documents– Any computer file– Video and audio clippings etc.

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Messaging

• Email expanded to include a number of other functions and services

• Document sharing and collaboration • Whiteboard applications• Scheduling of group activities• Etc.

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Collaboration and Sharing

Internet

User 1

User 2

Documentfor

Sharing orCollaboration

Sharing: Both users can see the document but only one can make changes

Collaboration: Both users can see and also make changes to the document

NetMeeting

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Implementation Of Messaging

Server

Client 1 Client 2

Lotus Domino server, Microsoft Exchange Server

Internet

Internet serviceProvider

WWW Services

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Major Messaging Products

• Microsoft Exchange Server– Outlook and Outlook Express Clients

• Lotus Domino Server– cc:Mail– Lotus Notes (Client)

• Netscape ???

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MODULE

E-Commerce

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Web Research

• e-server in a box– IBM’s web site

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MODULE

Voice Over IP and Internet Telephony

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Voice Over IP and Internet Telephony Defined

• The use of the internet to transmit voice in real-time– Transmission of digitized voice using

the Internet Protocol

• Internet Telephony is an example– Usage of the Internet to transmit

telephone calls

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Internet Telephony Defined

• Using the Internet (TCP/IP) for largely the telephone related applications– Termination of voice traffic

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Voice over IP Prospects and Challenges• Voice transmission over the Internet

has been identified as one of the largest growth areas– Companies will in the future use the

Internet extensively for voice communications

• Current IP is not well suited for voice transmission– Latency being the biggest drawback

• Bandwidth restrictions also hamper voice transmission

• IP is being improved to carry voice

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Internet Telephony• A growing market • Further information

– http://www.internettelephony.com/

• Current Products (???)– Net meeting (Microsoft)– ICQ– Cooltalk (Netscape) etc.

• Long-term focus is on regularly using the Internet as a viable alternative to the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)

• H.323 is the prominent standard for Internet telephony

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Sample Telephony Applications

Source: Vocaltech• Computer-to-Computer Calling • Computer-to-Phone Calling:

– Requires ITSP service in addition to regular ISP service

– www.dialpad.com

• Phone-to-phone– Using TCP/IP

• Live Motion Video– Video Conferencing

• Whiteboarding: – Share and edit photos, documents and drawings with

others in real time.

• Voice Mail: – Record compressed voice files and sending them as

attachments.

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MODULE

Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

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VPN Defined

• A private network that uses the public network infrastructure

• A secured web of tunnels that links various nodes to form the Virtual Private Network

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Virtual Private Network

Public

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VPN Implementation

Internet

Company’s Intranet

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

(PPTP)Fire Wall

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VPN Past and Present

• Past– Based on PSTN (Public Switched

Telephone Network)

• Present– Based on next generation public

network technologies

Source: VPNWorx, VPN Quick Reference Guide

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Base Technologies for VPN

• Carrier IP• PPTP• Frame Relay• ATM

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Areas of Applications

• All major business organizations that require a secured Extranet

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MODULE

WAN and Access Technologies

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WAN Scope

• Enterprise-wide• Metropolitan and National• Global• Underlying network infrastructure

for the Internet• Fastest growing network

– Growth is appreciable in the area of Virtual Private Network

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The Early Days of Communications and

Computing • Telecommunication

– Centered on analog technology

• Data communication needs– Centered around digital technology

• Digital to analog interface– For long distance communications

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Long-distance Communications

Digital Digital

Modulation

Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS)

Analog

Interface

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Initial WANs

• Introduced to overcome the limitations of general purpose analog telephone lines used– Better conditioned lines such as leased lines were

• Driven by a collection of computers for routing the data traffic from source to destination

• Arpanet was the first WAN to be created• X.25 was the initial communication

technology used– X.21 was used in Europe

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Basic Components of the WAN

Leased lines

Computers/Routing algorithms

Routing devices

X.25 Driven

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Present Status of WANs

• Information is carried in digitized form in many segments of the WAN

• Digital communication lines– Over copper wire– Over fiber-optics

• Telecommunications and computer communications are merging in terms of deploying digital technology

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WANs: Present and Future

• Move towards digital technology• Technologies

– Frame Relay– ATM

• Point-to-point digital communication will become widely used in the future

• The WAN of the future will be designed to meet with the increasing bandwidth demands of the Internet– Internet2

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ATM operating at severalhundred Mbps

Internet2: The WAN of the Future

BusinessComputer System

ATM Switches

High speed digital lines

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Possible Convergence Digital Technology

• Networks– Local– Enterprise– Wide area– Global

Point-to-point ATM connection is possible probably under a single technology

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ATM Promise

Server

Client 1 Client 2

25 Mbps

ISP100 Mbps

Internet Backbone

1 Gbps

300 Mbps

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Challeng Posed by Gigabit Ethernet to ATM

1 Gbps(Gigabit)

100 Mbps(Fast)

10 Mbps

1 Mbps(Past)

Ethernet EvolutionClient 2

10 Mbps/100 Mbps/

1 GbpsServerISP

Client 1

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Wide Area Network Technologies

WANTechnologies:

X.25 (old)FDDI

Frame RelayATM

LosAngeles

Seattle New York

Florida

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Front-end Access Technologies

• ISDN• xDSL • Cable modem• Direct satellite access

• ADSL is an example of xDSL

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Access Speeds

• Fastest speed of an analog modem is around 56K bps

• Newer technologies operate at faster speeds

• Newer technologies have made a significant contribution in increasing the speed of communication

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Digital Internet Technologies Summarized

FDDIFrame Relay

Direct

Satell

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MODULE

Audio and Video Streaming

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Audio and Video Streaming

• Deliver continuous audio and video streams over a low bandwidth connection

• Packet switching networks do no guarantee real-time and continuous delivery of data packets

• Streaming involves compression and decompression (CODEC)

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Application Areas

• Dissemination of multimedia information on the web

• Training and education• Etc.

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Streaming Examples

Streaming Software

Audio (wav)Video (AVI)

Real FormatRM, RMA, RT,

RP etc.

Windows FormatASF etc.

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Hosting of Streamed Media

Streaming Server(Real Server orWindows Media

Server)

Internet

Streaming at 28.8, 56, 128 etc. Kbps

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Method of Delivery

• Unicasting• Multicasting• Broadcasting

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Major Streaming Technologies

• Real• Microsoft Windows Media

Technologies

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MODULE

Video Conferencing

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Video Conferencing

• The exchanging of audio and video information while engaged in conferencing

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Major Types of Video Conferencing

• Dedicated video conferencing– Telecommunication lines are used

solely for the purpose of setting up a video conferencing facility

• Desktop video conferencing– Video conferencing conducted from a

computer connected to the Internet

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Video Conferencing Standard

• H.232 Series of standards

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Sample Desktop Video Conferencing Products

• CU-SeeMee• Intel ProShare• Microsoft NetMeeting• PictureTel

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Keywords

• Intranet, Extranet, Internet• VPN, PPTP• Real Media and Windows Media• Network appliance and Internet

Appliance• Sharing, Collaboration • Messaging Server and Messaging

Client

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Keywords

• SMTP, POP3, IMAP• VoIP, H.323, IPv6• X.25, ATM, Frame Relay, FDDI• T1, T3, OC1, OC2 • ISDN, xDSL, Cable Modem, Satellite• Unicasting, Multicasting and

Broadcasting

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Microcomputer-based Distributed Architecture

Fiber Optic Backbone(FDDI)

Mainframe/Minicomputer

Systems

Bus LAN

RingLAN

WAN Gateway(TCP/IP)

ModemGateway

External Digital/Analog Lines

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Microcomputers

• Widespread usage– Serious business computer

• Dramatic increase in power– Comparable to mainframes of the past

• Declining cost– Affordable to use in all levels of business

• Communication device– Access services and resources on the

Internet

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Connectivity

• Computers are increasingly being viewed as resources in a network and not simply as stand-alone units any more

• LANs, Departmental networks, Enterprise networks, WANs etc. are deployed widely in business

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Downsizing: Path of Evolution

CentralizedMainframe

DistributedNetwork

Client-ServerArchitecture

Thin-clientconcept

More power to the user

Better management of shared dataReduced cost of ownership

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Client-Server Computing Architecture

• Centralized data– Control and management

• Distributed processing– Processing using client-tools

• Mainframe advantage• Microcomputer flexibility

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Preview of Client-Server Computing

Back-end data storage and retrieval.

Front-end interface and data manipulation tools.

Server

Clients

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A Preview of Thin-Client Concept

Powerful Server

Thin Clients

Limited front-end processing and storage

Extensive back-end data storage, retrieval and

Processing

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Digitization Of Telecom Network

• Mode (ATM)

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Front-end Access Technologies

• ISDN• xDSL • Cable modem• Direct satellite access

• ADSL is an example of xDSL

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Access Speeds

• Fastest speed of an analog modem is around 56K bps

• Newer technologies operate at faster speeds– In the Mbps region

• Newer technologies have made a significant contribution in increasing the speed of communication

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Summary of Digital Technologies in

Telecommunications

FDDIFrame Relay

Direct

Satell

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Internet Access

Gain access to the resources on the WWW.

Software: Web Browser

Micro Modem

Serial Port

Internet

Access provider

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General Access

PublicSwitched

Network (PSN)

Gain access to a company’smainframe to run Unix applications

Software: ProComm Plus, Hyper Terminal

Micro Modem

Serial Port

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Telecommuting

PSNMain Office

SatelliteOffice

ProComm PLUS

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Typical LAN

Client 1 Client 2 Client 3

Server:Network OS,Applications,

Data etc.

Windows NT server Operating System

Client OS/ Windows 9x

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EDI Defined

Vendor(Supplier) Automate the

Purchase/Supply process

Retail(Purchaser)

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EDI Example

Vendor RetailerElectronic procurement with minimum human intervention

Purchase Order

Invoice etc.

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Distributed Data Processing

Data/server Data/server

Data/server

Oracle DistributedDBMS

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Transparency in the Search Process

Data/server Data/server

Data/server

Oracle DistributedDBMS

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END OF CHAPTEREND OF CHAPTER

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END OF CHAPTEREND OF CHAPTER

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