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Transcript of Internet&Apps PPT
8/8/2019 Internet&Apps PPT
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Institute Of Management Studies
D.A.V.V
Subject : IT Fundamental
´Internet and Its ApplicationsµSubmitted To: Submitted By:
Rahul Jain MBA(FT) ± A
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The Internet
Every machinetransparently connected to
every other
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What Is The Internet?
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks thatuse the standard Internet Protocol Suite(TCP/IP) to serve billions of usersworldwide.
It is a network of networks that consists of
millions of private, public, academic,business, and government networks
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Origins Of The Internet
The Internet began in the late 1960s as a network of computers that the United States Department of Def ense
developed using communication technology that could
continue to f unction even when it was partially damaged.
In the 1980s the National Science Foundation (NSF)used this same technology to create its own network
(NSFNET), which allowed researchers to share data and
access resources located on remote computers.
Eventually many educational, governmental, commercial,and other organizations connected their own local
computer networks to the NSFNET to f orm what is now
known as the Internet.
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Who he I ter et
Institutions of all kinds - Academic, government andcommercialto allow their staff to collaborate with peers
to rapidly coordinate complex, dispersed worldwide activities
to gather and share information
by interconnecting their enterprise networks via Internet backboneproviders
Professional communities of all kinds - especiallyresearch and development organizations
Business enterprises which specialize in providing or collecting information
General public via local access providers andgateways to commercial public e-mail carriers and
other kinds of networksRahul Jai MBA(F ) DAVV
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The Internet is not controlled byany individual or group.
Currently, a non-profitorganization called the InternetSociety (ISOC) elects a boardthat is responsible for managing
the technology and direction of the Internet.
Who controls the Internet?
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The gl l i ter ti l r gani ati n f r en systems
inter net r ing and the Internet
A common mechanism f or:standar ds making
oper ational administr ation and coor dination
r esear ch coor dination and educationglobal cooper ation among national, r egional, and other inter national bodies
An inter national means f or sharing inf or mation and
encour aging development of inter net-r elatedinfr astr uctur e and use ar ound the world
Member s consists of individuals a n d or gani ations -commer cial, gover nmental, and non-pr ofit.
What is the Internet Society ?
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What¶s the Internet: ³Nuts and
Bolts´ View
local ISP
company
network
regional ISP
router workstation
servermobile
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How does the Internet work? Protocols ± standardized rules that define howcomputers communicate and exchange data
IP address ± unique number used to identify
computers on the Internet Domain name ± structured naming system to
locate computers on the Internet
URL ± uniform naming scheme that specifies
unique addresses of Internet resources
Client and server ± computing architectureused by most Internet services
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What¶s a protocol?
A human protocol and a computer networkprotocol:
Hi
Hi
What isthe time?
2:00
TCP connection
req.
TCP connectionreply.
Get http://www.cs.uml.edu/index.html
<file>time
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Types of Internet Connections
There are several types of internet connections.
Analog/Dial-Up
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
B-ISDN
DSL
Cable
Wireless Internet Connections/Wireless Broadband
Leased Line
Satellite (Internet over Satellite/IoS)
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Applications of Internet
There are many applications of Internet.
Communication
Inf ormation
E Commerce
Entertainment
Services
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COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS
± Electronic Mail (email) : Using emailyou can exchange messages with other people around the world. You can alsosubscribe to electronic discussion listsand journals.
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Usenet Newsgroups
Usenet is an informal network of computers thatallows you to post and read messages innewsgroups that focus on specific topics.
Search Engines
YahooMSN
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TELNET
Telnet allows you to log on to and use other computers thatare connected to the Internet no matter where they arelocated. Telnet is commonly used to connect to librarycatalogs, community information systems, and fee-based
database services.
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)FTP allows you to transfer files to and from computers thatare connected to the Internet. Files that are transferred usingFTP can contain text, images, sounds, software, etc.
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WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
± The World Wide Web allows you to access information onany computer, world-wide, that makes files publiclyavailable using hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). Thisprotocol allows hypertext links between files on the samecomputer, or on other computers on the Internet.
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There are various types of websites which off ersdiff erent f acilities and services: like
Social NetworkingFacebookOrkutMySpaceTwitter
InformativeGoogle Search EngineYahoo Search EngineWekipedia
GamingZapakGamezone
Email & ChatGmail
Rediffmail Rahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV
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Internet Privacy
There is no privacy on the Internet ± yet.Passwords - The basic defensive measure.
Hackers use machines to rapidly try combinations of passwords.
Phishing attacks attempt to fool you into giving away your
password or other account information.Use more than 6 characters and special characters (!@#$%)to increase combinations possible.
Protecting Files
Access to files is typically given to user, group, and world.More complex schemes can be incorporated within software.
Keep truly sensitive files disconnected from the internet.
Firewalls
Attempts to control your machines access to the internet
Attempts to block unwanted access to your machineRahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV
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Types of Connection
SLIP AND PPP ACCOUNTS
All ISPs offer access to the Internet throughSLIP or PPP accounts. These accounts allow
you to achieve a temporary dial-up directconnection to the Internet using TCP/IPsoftware with your computer. The speed of this kind of connection is determined by your
modem speed as well as the speed at whichthe ISP is connected to the backbone of theInternet.
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Types of Connection
INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL
NETWORK (ISDN) ACCOUNTS
ISDN connections achieve a permanent directconnection to the Internet through a digitaltelephone line. ISDN connections allow your computer to communicate at speeds up to
64000 and 128000 bps. To establish an ISDNconnection one must obtain the appropriatehardware, request ISDN service (if available)from DOT, and find a local ISP that provides
ISDN accounts Rahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV
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Types of Connection
LEASED LINE CONNECTIONS
High-speed dedicated telephone lines betweenyour computer and an ISP can range from
14,400 bps to high speed lines that transfer 2MBPS. Because these connections areexpensive to set up and maintain, they are moreoften used by companies and organizations
running LANs than they are by individuals.When the server on a LAN has a dedicatedInternet connection, all computers on the LANhave access to all Internet resources.
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INTERNET ADDRESSES
Every computer that is directly connected to theInternet has a unique Internet address.
This address can be expressed as a numericInternet Protocol (IP) address or an alphanumerichost address.
Both address formats contain several parts, whichare separated by dots or periods, that identify the
general and specific locations of a computer.
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IP ADDRESSES
Computers use IP addresses (e.g.,35.8.2.61) to identify and communicate
with each other.These addresses contain four separatenumbers that represent the general tospecific location of a computer as youread them from left to right.
You may sometimes see IP addressesbut will rarely need to use them.
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Internet Standard Domain Names
The NIC has specified a set of standard topThe NIC has specified a set of standard top--level domain names that form the basis of level domain names that form the basis of both a geographical and nonboth a geographical and non--geographicalgeographical
naming systemnaming system ± ± comcom commercial organisationscommercial organisations
± ± eduedu educationall organisationseducationall organisations
± ± govgov government institutionsgovernment institutions
± ± milmil military groupsmilitary groups
± ± netnet major network support centresmajor network support centres
± ± orgorg organisations other than the aboveorganisations other than the above
± ± intint international organisationsinternational organisations
± ± country codecountry code two character identif ier f or atwo character identif ier f or a
country in the geographical schemecountry in the geographical schemeRahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV
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Organizational top-level domains are used for resources that are located within the UnitedStates and identify the types of organizations
that run the computers where resources arelocated. These include:
GOV - government, e.g., whitehouse.gov
EDU - educational, e.g., ncsu.edu
COM - commercial, e.g., apple.comMIL - military, e.g., army.mil
NET - networks, e.g., sura.net
ORG - non-prof it organizations, e.g., nypl.org
Host Addresses
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EMAIL ADDRESSES
When a person has an email account on aparticular computer, he or she also has ausername.
A person's email address is the usernamefollowed by @ (the at sign), followed by thehost address for the computer where the
email account is located. For example, pr sid t@whit hous .g ov is the emailaddress for the President of the UnitedStates at the White House.
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Unif orm Resource Locators (URL)
A URL is a form of Internet address that points
to and accesses Internet resources through theWorld Wide Web. URLs identify the protocolused to access a resource (e.g., TELNET,FTP, Gopher), the host address, the directory
path, and filename of a resource.
Example: http://www.facebook.com/home.php
Rahul Jain MBA(FT) DAVV