OpenerOpener: Thursday, 9/23: Thursday, 9/23Compare & contrast these Compare & contrast these

molecules’ structures:molecules’ structures:Did you do your homework?Did you do your homework?

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

ProteinsProteins

LipidsLipids

Biochemistry!!!Biochemistry!!!How YOU work!!!How YOU work!!!

2.3 KEY CONCEPT2.3 KEY CONCEPTCarbon-based molecules are Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life!the foundation of life!

What are the living things in this photo???

Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties

& can form chains & rings

Monomers = individual subunitsPolymers = many monomers

Organic molecules:•Make up all living things!•Contain C•Made of polymersSTORE ENERGY in bonds!!

Caloric value: •amount of stored energy (in bonds)

•Proteins, carbs, lipids •have diff. structures different caloric values!

Example!Which has a higher caloric value...ONE CUP OF...

Almonds (1 cup) = 810Chicken breast (1 cup) = 140Spaghetti (1 cup) = 155Butter (1 cup) = 1620

4 main types of ORGANIC molecules found in living things:

CarbsProteinsLipidsNucleic acids

1. Carbohydrates1. Carbohydrates(sugars/starches)(sugars/starches)

• Energy source for all organisms Energy source for all organisms – cell respiration (make ATP from cell respiration (make ATP from

sugar)sugar)– Short-termShort-term energy storage energy storage

• Structural moleculeStructural molecule

– Cellulose in plant cellsCellulose in plant cells• Break down into parts, make Break down into parts, make

amino acids & fatty acidsamino acids & fatty acids• Carbs = Fiber = digestion!!!Carbs = Fiber = digestion!!!

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates• Made ofMade of: C-H-O: C-H-O• MonosaccharidesMonosaccharides

– simple sugars (monomers)simple sugars (monomers)– Ex: glucoseEx: glucose

• PolysaccharidesPolysaccharides – Complex (polymers)Complex (polymers)– Ex: starch, cellulose, glycogenEx: starch, cellulose, glycogen

• ProducersProducers – use carbs as stored E – use carbs as stored E• ConsumersConsumers – broken down by – broken down by

digestion to get glucose (E)digestion to get glucose (E)

Caloric value of carbsCaloric value of carbs•depends on:depends on:

# of C-H bonds# of C-H bonds• too many carbs??too many carbs??

–stored as FAT!stored as FAT!

2. Lipids (fats)2. Lipids (fats)• monomers: glycerol & monomers: glycerol &

fatty acids fatty acids • Long-term energy Long-term energy

storagestorage• Phospholipids Phospholipids

(membranes)(membranes)• HormonesHormones

Triglyceride

LipidsLipids• Made of: C H OMade of: C H O• Important for E when Important for E when

carbs are scarcecarbs are scarce– More C-H bonds than More C-H bonds than

carbscarbs• BUT--stored fat BUT--stored fat

accumulates!accumulates!• Digestion:Digestion:

– Eat fatsEat fats into blood into blood stream stream to cells to cells

– Stored for later Stored for later IFIF no no carbs availablecarbs available

Caloric value depends Caloric value depends onon

• • amount energy per gramamount energy per gram

HOW, WHY??HOW, WHY??• fats have more than carbs fats have more than carbs

or proteinsor proteins•HIGHHIGH Caloric value!!! Caloric value!!!

3. Proteins 3. Proteins – Super important in Super important in human body!!human body!!

– Used for E Used for E onlyonly when no carbs or when no carbs or lipids!lipids!

5 types of Proteins 5 types of Proteins

(different functions)(different functions)

1.1. StructuralStructural ptns – support (connective ptns – support (connective tissue)tissue)

2.2. TransportTransport – move substances thru body – move substances thru body (hemoglobin carries oxygen!)(hemoglobin carries oxygen!)

3.3. HormonesHormones – coordinate body activities – coordinate body activities (insulin regulates glucose in blood(insulin regulates glucose in blood

4.4. ContractileContractile – movement (muscles) – movement (muscles)

5.5. EnzymaticEnzymatic – speed up chem. reactions – speed up chem. reactions (saliva)(saliva)

Proteins Proteins • Made of: C, H, O, N, (S)Made of: C, H, O, N, (S)• Monomers = Amino acids Monomers = Amino acids • # Present: 20 total# Present: 20 total• But only 12 made in body!But only 12 made in body!• 8 others from...?? 8 others from...?? • FOOD!!!!FOOD!!!!• what types give us protein??what types give us protein??• Almonds/peanuts, etc., meat, Almonds/peanuts, etc., meat, beans . . . . .beans . . . . .

Proteins Proteins So, WHEN can your body So, WHEN can your body break down proteins for break down proteins for energy????energy????

• BUT – need to be turned BUT – need to be turned into into CARBSCARBS first!!! first!!!• Won’t happen if carbs or Won’t happen if carbs or lipids around!!lipids around!!

Caloric value Caloric value •Same as carbs, Same as carbs, depends on C-H bonds!depends on C-H bonds!

4. Nucleic acids = polymers4. Nucleic acids = polymers– Monomers = nucleotidesMonomers = nucleotides

• Ex. DNA, RNAEx. DNA, RNA• More to come!!!More to come!!!

Review for you!!!Review for you!!!

What element do all organic What element do all organic molecules have?molecules have?

What are monomers?What are monomers?

What are polymers?What are polymers?

What elements are in What elements are in carbohydrates?carbohydrates?

Where is the energy stored in Where is the energy stored in organic molecules?organic molecules?

What is caloric value??What is caloric value??

Review for you!!!Review for you!!!

What is the primary source of What is the primary source of fuel for cell respiration?fuel for cell respiration?

Give an example of Give an example of monosaccharides?monosaccharides?

What happens if too many What happens if too many carbs are consumed?carbs are consumed?

Which have more C-H bonds, Which have more C-H bonds, carbs or lipids? How do you carbs or lipids? How do you know?know?

What does the body start to use What does the body start to use if carbs or lipids are not if carbs or lipids are not available?available?

Review for you!!!Review for you!!!

What are the 5 types of What are the 5 types of proteins?proteins?

Give examples of each!Give examples of each!

What are the monomers of What are the monomers of proteins?proteins?

How many amino acids are How many amino acids are there?there?

How many does the body make?How many does the body make?

Where do the others come Where do the others come from!from!

You are training for a big race, You are training for a big race, what should you eat the night what should you eat the night

before and why?before and why?

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