Nomenclature of Saturated Hydrocarbons

Some Simple Alkanes (CnH2n+2)

The n-alkanesCH4

C2H6

C3H8

C4H10

C5H12

C6H14

C7H16

C8H18

C9H20

C10H22

methane

ethane

propane

butane

pentane

hexane

heptane

octane

nonane

decane

C11H24 undecane

C12H26 dodecane

C13H28 tridecane

C14H30 tetradecane

C15H32 pentadecane

Boiling points

London Forces

Alkyl Groups

Classification of H’s & C’s

The I.U.P.A.C. Rules• Find longest carbon chain• Number chain from end closest to nearest branch (with

2 different longest chains, use one with most substituents)

• Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number

• Multiple alkyl groups named alphabetically• Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6)

• Halogens are name “halo” groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo

Find the longest chain with the greatest number of substituents

Give the I.U.P.A.C. Nomenclature

2-methylpentane

3-ethyl-2-methylpentane

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

All are “pentanes”

2,3-dimethyl-6-(2-methylpropyl)decane6-isobutyl

Cycloalkanes

Name These