Post on 18-Dec-2015
Biome:Tundra
• LONG, COLD WINTERS• LITTLE PRECIPITATIONSTRONG WINDS
• BRIEF SUMMERS IN SOUTHERN REGION
• WETLANDS/ LAKES FORM
PERMAFROST
BIODIVERSITY (1)CLIMATE/(2) CHARACTERISTICS
(1)The average temperature is -10 degrees Celsius.
(2)• Extremely cold
temperatures• Low biotic diversity• Simple vegetation
structure • The word Tundra
comes from a Russian word meaning treeless.
LOW
Adaptations
•Camouflage- changing color with the seasons•Thick fur for warmth•Body fat for warmth•Specialized feet for walking on snow/ice•Migration•Living in groups
Arctic Animals
PRODUCERS IN THE TUNDRA:Tundra Plants have a short growing season.Tend to grow low to the ground.
SEDGESWILLOWSLICHENSMOSSES
Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens
ENERGY PYRAMID
PRODUCERS
Pikas, Musk Ox Caribou,
Lemmings Arctic Hares
Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens
ENERGY PYRAMID
Primary Consumers:
PRODUCERS
Kittiwakes
Snowy Owls Arctic Fox
Pikas, Musk Ox Caribou, Lemmings
Arctic Hares
Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens
ENERGY PYRAMID
Secondary consumers
Primary Consumers:
PRODUCERS
Polar Bears
Kittiwakes Snowy Owls
Arctic Fox
Pikas, Musk Ox Caribou, Lemmings
Arctic Hares
Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens
ENERGY PYRAMID
Secondary consumers
Tertiary Consumer
Primary Consumers:
PRODUCERS
Bacteria/fungi
Food Web
Polar bear
Kittiwakes
Snowy Owls
Arctic Fox
Pikas,
Musk Ox
Caribou,
Lemmings
Arctic Hares
Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens
The producers convert light energy into glucose.
The herbivores eat the producers.The energy flows from the producers to the primary
consumers.
Bacteria/fungi
Food Web
Polar bear
Kittiwakes
Snowy Owls
Arctic Fox
Pikas,
Musk Ox
Caribou,
Lemmings
Arctic Hares
Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens
The secondary consumers are carnivores and omnivores.They get energy from consuming the herbivores.They INDIRECTLY get the energy from the sun.
Bacteria/fungi
Food Web
Polar bear
Kittiwakes
Snowy Owls
Arctic Fox
Pikas,
Musk Ox
Caribou,
Lemmings
Arctic Hares
Liverworts Grasses Caribou moss Lichens
The tertiary consumers must control the populations of the primary and secondary consumers.The polar bear will feed on sick, weak and lame individuals.
RELATIONSHIPS IN THE TUNDRACOMPETITION
MUSK OX v Caribou- both are herbivores, grazing on sedges, mosses and grasses.
Symbiotic RelationshipsLICHEN
FUNGUS + ALGAE
BOTH BENEFIT
LICHEN ARE PIONEER PLANTS
IMPORTANT PRODUCER IN THE TUNDRA CLIMATE.
REMOVAL OF TERTIARY CONSUMER?Tertiary Consumers, like the Polar Bear, have an important niche….
…. Control the population of herbivores.
Without the Polar Bear, the herbivores would overpopulate.
Remember carrying capacity?
Loss of Secondary Consumer…The Arctic Fox goes EXTINCT….
+There would be MORE food for competitors like the polar bear, snowy owl and kittiwake.
+ The prey of the arctic fox may experience a population boom because it’s top predator is gone.
-Overpopulation may occur???
Factors that could Endanger…Habitat loss due to global warming!!!
S7L4. Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. a. Demonstrate in a food web that matter is transferred from one organism to another and can recycle between organisms and their environments. b. Explain in a food web that sunlight is the source of energy and that this energy moves from organism to organism. c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species. d. Categorize relationships between organisms that are competitive or mutually beneficial. e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e. tropical rain forest, savannah, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e. freshwater, estuaries, and marine).