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(De Voltooid Tegenwoordige Tijd)

De PRESENT PERFECT wordt gevormd door:

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have/has voltooid deelwoord+I haveYou have

He hasShe hasIt has

We haveYou haveThey have

Explanation in Dutch 1:

Hij woont al 20 jaar in Vlaardingen.He has lived in Vlaardingen for 20 years.

B. als er iets gebeurd is waarvan je nu het resultaat ziet. Er staat niet bij wanneer het gebeurd is, bijv.:

De Present Perfect gebruik je:

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A. als iets in het verleden begon en nog niet voorbij is, bijv.:

Sorry voor de rommel. Ik heb mijn fiets gerepareerd.Sorry for the mess. I have repaired my bike.

Explanation in Dutch 2:

De Present Perfect gebruik je NIET:

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C. als er bij staat wanneer het gebeurd is, want dan gebruik je de Past Simple.

Gisteren heeft het gesneeuwd. = Yesterday it snowed. (er staat WEL bij wanneer het heeft gesneeuwd)

DUS:Het heeft gesneeuwd. = It has snowed. (er staat NIET bij wanneer het heeft gesneeuwd)

MAAR:

1. Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has

lost his key.

2. Are Harry & Sally here? No, they have gone out.

3. The road is closed. There has been an accident.

4. Ow! I’ve cut my finger!

5. The police have arrested two men in connection with

the robbery.

Exercise 1: Find the verbs in the Present Perfect(Zoek de werkwoorden die in de voltooid tegenwoordige tijd staan.)

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1. Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.

He has lost his key.

2. Are Harry & Sally here? No, they have gone out.

3. The road is closed. There has been an accident.

4. Ow! I’ve cut my finger!

5. The police have arrested two men in connection

with the robbery.

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Check your answers:(Controleer je antwoorden)

RULE 1: Regular verbs

The Present Perfect ends in -ed: I work in a travel agency now. Before that I …………………………… in a shop for two years.

We ……………………… here since 1989.

The car ……… just ………………, its engine is still running.

have worked

have lived

has stopped

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Regular verbs - Spelling rules

Als het hele werkwoord eindigt op:

A. medeklinker +y? Dan verandert de -y in -ied. Example: Today I study. Yesterday I studied.

B. medeklinker waar een korte beklemtoonde klinker voor staat? Dan wordt de medeklinker verdubbeld. Example: Today I stop. Yesterday I stopped.

C. stomme -e? Deze -e valt weg de uitgang -ed wordt toegevoegd. Example: Today I like you. Yesterday I liked you.

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A. medeklinker +y? Dan verandert de -y in -ied.

B. medeklinker waar een korte beklemtoonde klinker voor staat? Dan wordt de medeklinker verdubbeld.

C. stomme -e? Deze -e valt weg de uitgang -ed wordt toegevoegd.

Exercise 2: Find 5 examples of A, B & C and write them in your notebook.(Vind 5 voorbeelden van A,B & C en schrijf ze in je schrift)

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RULE 2: Irregular verbs

Many verbs are . Then the Present Perfect does not end in -ed.

forget

see

go

He told me his name but I it.

I him lately.

Jim is on holiday. He to Italy.

Examples:

have forgotten

haven’t seen

has gone

irregular

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List of irregular verbs

Example: NED ENG PAST SIMPLE PERFECT

1 zijn be was/were have been2 buigen bend bent have bent3 beginnen begin began have begun

Click here for a complete list in WORD

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Questions

In questions we let the subject and have/has change positions.

Example: go

Normal: I have gone on holiday.Question: Have I gone on holiday?

? ? ? ? ?

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Negatives

In negatives we just put ‘not’ between have/has and the perfect.

Example: go

Normal: I have gone on holiday.Negative: I haven’t gone on holiday.

! ! ! ! !

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SO

AFFIRMATIVE QUESTION NEGATIVE

I have worked Have I worked I haven’t workedShe has seen Has she seen? She hasn’t seenThey have gone Have they gone? They haven’t gone

Exercise 3: Now try to make 5 examples yourself and write them in your notebook.(Maak zelf 5 voorbeelden en schrijf ze in je schrift)

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Exercise 4: Make 6 sentences with the Present Perfect of the following verbs:(Maak 6 zinnen met de voltooid tegenwoordige tijd van de volgende werkwoorden)

begin / choose / take / go / drive / eat

Example: I have begun to do my homework but I haven’t finished yet.

begin:

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Exercise 5: Make questions of these 6 sentences(Maak nu vragen van deze 6 zinnen)

Example:

Question: Have I begun to do my homework?

I have begun to do my homework.

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Exercise 6: Make negatives of the 6 sentences you made in exercise 3.(Maak de 6 zinnen van oefening 3 negatief)

Example:

Negative: I haven’t begun to do my homework.

I have begun to do my homework.

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Yesterday it snowed / has snowed.

Last year I went / have gone to England.

The streets are wet. It rained / has rained.

Last night we had / have had a fight in front of our house

All the children are silent now. The noise stopped / has

stopped.

Exercise 7: Fill in the Past Simple or the Present Perfect(Vul de verleden tijd of de voltooid tegenwoordige tijd in)

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Yesterday it snowed.

Last year I went to England.

The streets are wet. It has rained.

Last night we had a fight in front of our house

All the children are silent now. The noise has stopped.

Exercise 7: The RIGHT answers!

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http://www.digischool/en/grammatica/tenses.htm

Useful WEBSITES for extra information and lots of exercises ...

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… don’t you?