UTTIPEC

Transit Oriented DevelopmentA Methodology for Delhi

NCR

NCT

Corridor

District

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CONTEXT FOR T.O.D.

WESTERN CONTEXT• SOLUTION TO SRAWL• REDUCTION OF CONSUMTION OF RESOURCES• IMPROVING AIR QAULITY• PROVIDING EQUITY IN URBAN AREAS• REPAIRING SOCIAL SYSTEMS BY CREATING HEALTHY

NEIGHBORHOODS

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CONTEXT FOR T.O.D.

DELHI CONTEXT• IMPROVING ACCESS TO PUBLIC TRANSIT• REDUCE USE OF AUTOMOBILE• PROVIDING ACCESSIBILITY INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MAJORITY

OF RESIDENTS• INCREASE PERCEPTION OF EQUITYEQUITY• FACILITATE MORE DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENTDEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT

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Transit Oriented Development (TOD):

• Make Rapid Public Transit (RPT) RAPID and FREQUENT.

• Provide safe, quick, easy interchanges between modes & good paratransit.

• Make Public Transport cheaper/ affordable.

• Design public realm for pedestrians, cyclists and public transit users.

• Make car-use difficult (car-pool priority lanes, congestion pricing, expensive parking & licenses, etc.)

Transit System Design:

Public Realm Design:

• Make it accessible to maximum people; Live work and play destinations near stations

• Eliminate private transport use as feeder service; provide efficient Feeder Services.

Landuse-TransportCoordination:

1 2 3

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In accordance with the changing transportation scenario in India over the last two decades, there has been a change in the policies at, both, national level and in Delhi.

a) National Urban Transport Policy – 2006, recommends:

i. Integrated land use and transport policy

ii. Priority to the use of public transport & non-motorized

vehicles

b) Master-plan for Delhi – 2021, proposes:i. MPD 2021 has given a thrust on redevelopment and

redensification of existing urban areas and city improvement.

It calls for a comprehensive redevelopment strategy for

accommodating a large population, and strengthening of

infrastructure facilities.

Current Policies:

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What are the Steps toachieve these goals for Delhi?

Think Macro (= Vision) Then Act Micro (= Implementation)

First, we need to….

NCR

NCT

Corridor

District

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The 5-Step Procedure:

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Step 1. TOD : Visioning & Goal Setting

Planners with high level GIS expertise

Transportation modelers

Urban Economic Strategists

Urban designers (with knowledge of form based codes)

Environmental Engineers

Planners with local and international policy knowledge.

Architects

Graphic Designers

UTTIPEC

ExternalConsultants

ExternalConsultants

a) A Strategic Plan + “Implementation Body” for Delhi:

TOD Vision & Strategic Plan

Implementation Body

MPD-2021Framework

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Vision for a “World Class” Delhi

• Safe• Clean with usable ‘green’ areas

• Well Connected & Walkable

• Accessible Affordable Housing

• Civic Pride

• Democratic & Transparent

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Critical Goals of Delhi are directly related to its Urban Design & Planning:

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Step 2. Coordinating Landuse & Transportation

Transportation modelers

Urban Economic Strategists

Planners with high level GIS expertise

Planners with local and international policy knowledge.

Urban designers

Hydrology and Water Engineers

Environmental Engineers

Architects

Graphic Designers

UTTIPEC

Current Disjointed and Uncoordinated Planning

TRANPORTATION TRANPORTATION + LANDUSE+ LANDUSE + INFRASTRUCTURE+ INFRASTRUCTUREMUST BE MUST BE designed and implemented together designed and implemented together –– complimenting each other.complimenting each other.

Otherwise they will ALL FAILOtherwise they will ALL FAIL……..

Why are these planned SeparatelySeparately ?

Integrated Modeling & Planning

MultimodalTransport Plan

LanduseTOD overlay

Infrastructure Investments SCENARIO A

Land ConsumptionTransport Network

Development Pattern

SCENARIO B

SCENARIO C

Infrastructure Cost

Jobs & Housing Profile

Equity Consequences

INPUTS ALTERNATIVES OUTPUTS

Population and Employment Projection,

DELHI 2021 Combined Transportation & Landuse Modeling

Combined Transportation & Landuse Modeling

VMT

Transport Emissions

Landuse Data: DDA MPD 2021

DIMTS/ RITES

MCD; PWD; NDMC

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Develop Scenarios Multimodal Rapid Transit Plan….

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Develop Scenarios for Landuse allocation Zones….

RITES have developed 4 scenarios besides modeling MPD2021RITES have developed 4 scenarios besides modeling MPD2021

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NO COORDINATION exists between Planned Landuses and Transportation Corridors!The current DDA 2021 Plan:

Rail/ Metro

BRTInterchange

7 min walk

Auto-Oriented City Transit-Oriented CitySHIFT

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Transit NodeTransit Node

Express Express Bus RouteBus Route

Maximum people Live, Work & PlayMaximum people Live, Work & Playwithin 5within 5--min walk of min walk of RAPID TRANSITRAPID TRANSIT StationsStations

High Density Mixed Use within 5-min walk of stations…

Reason for success of BRT in Curitiba:

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The Transportation - Landuse Pyramid (Curitiba):

Make Transit accessible within 5-min walk…

Reason for success of BRT in Curitiba:

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DelhiDelhiDelhi

• Maximum People can Live & Work & Play - within 5-minute Walk from Transit Stations• Reverse Commutes will ensure transit use 24x7.

High Density Mixed Use within 5-min walk of stations…

Segregated Uses, Random density Mixed Uses, Transit-Density Pyramid

CuritibaCuritibaCuritiba

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Integrated Transportation and Landuse Plan

Portland 2040Portland 2040

Map Source: Portland 2040

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Step 3. Public Process & TOD Typologies

Urban designers (with knowledge of form based codes)

Urban Economic Strategists

Planners with local + international policy knowledge.

Architects

Environmental Engineers

Planners with high level GIS expertise

Graphic Designers

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Step1: Market study and documentation of areas within 5 min walk and 5-min bike ride from the stations.Step 2: Development Codes

Delhi Development Masterplan with 7-minute walk from Metro overlaid.

Example: TOD Typologies developed for Denver TOD Strategy Plan

Landuse Mixes and Density Distribution Strategy:- Develop TOD Typologies

ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL!ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL!

Reverse

Comm

ute

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Feeder Transit is the ‘key’ to success of Rapid Transit

Rapid Transit

FeedersDIMMTS

Free Maps Rapid Transit

Develop more Feeder Transit

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The Process for the Plan The Process for the Plan

SUMMARIZE NEIGHBORHOOD

PLANS

STATION AREA

CONCEPTS

DRAFT STAION AREA LAND USE PLAN &

ZONING

Station Area PlanLand Use Scenario

Implementation

Zoning changes

Circulation

Open Space

• Education Session • Public Charrettes • Affordable Housing Targets• Draft plan review by UTTIPEC• Final Review by UTTIPEC

Source: PB PlaceMakingSource: PB PlaceMaking

Public Participation Process

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Landuse Mixes and Density Distribution Strategy:- Create a Urban Design “Specific” Plans for each Station Area

Station Area Specific Plans must be in keeping with the broader vision and overall strategic plan for the corridor and the city.

Example: TOD Typologies developed for Denver TOD Strategy Plan

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Step 4. Development Codes

Urban designers (with knowledge of form based codes)

Urban Economic Strategists

Planners with local + international policy knowledge.

Architects

Environmental Engineers

Graphic Designers

UTTIPEC

Landuse Mixes and Density Distribution Strategy:

- Create TOD Guidelines

•Phase 1:•Capital Metro’s 40 acre Parking Site near Lakeline Station.

•Phase 2:•Establishing the Street Network and Station serving Retail.

Phase 3:• High density Mixed-use development with walkable blocks.

Create desired character sketches

Source: vmwp.comSource: vmwp.com

Develop a “Form-based” Zoning Code

… which provides Control of Public Realm, but allows flexibility of landuses.

Source: Wikipedia

Bio-swalesStreets for Trains, Buses, Pedestrians, cars and storm

water drainage!

Built-to-edge Buildings for Safety & Comfort and human scale.

“Form-based” Code: Control of Public Streets

Source: Arup

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Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form-based_codes

“Form-based” Code: Control of Public interfacesS

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Building Entries/ windows on Sidewalk (eyes on the street -provides safety for pedestrians)

Remove Setbacks,Require Entries on sidewalks

Regulate Maximum Block Widths,

Minimum Frontages

Design Street Guidelines for pedestrians, not cars!

Streets for Trains, Buses, cars and Pedestrians.

Built-to-edge Buildings for Safety & Comfort.

Sidewalks, Bio-swales

Smaller blocks, interconnected streets create shorter travel routes for pedestrians.

Multimodal, pedestrian-oriented.

8080--100M max.

100M max.

8080--100M max.

100M max.

Critical Zoning Laws to be changed:S

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Step 5. Implementation and Monitoring

Urban designers (with knowledge of form based codes)

Urban Economic Strategists

Planners with local + international policy knowledge.

Environmental Engineers

Transportation Engineers

Graphic Designers

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a) A Strategic Plan + “Implementation Body” for Delhi:

IMPLEMENTED EXAMPLE:

The Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Strategic Plan for DENVER is a guide for prioritizing the planning and implementation activities of the City and County of Denver related to transit planning and transit-oriented development. City Council, Planning Board, departmental management, staff, and others will use it to:

• Set priorities for where City resources should be directed in the short, mid and long-terms;

• Identify effective implementation tools, policies and strategies to facilitate transit oriented development where appropriate; and

• Ensure close coordination among City departments, staff and others as they undertake planning and implementation activities related to transit and transit-oriented development.

(Reconnecting America) - for City of Denver

http://www.denvergov.org/TOD/TODStrategicPlan/tabid/395267/Default.aspx

ExternalConsultants

ExternalConsultants

b) Mechanism - Private Investment for Public Benefit:

Private Investment

Private Investment

IncentivesIncentives BonusesBonuses

TaxesTaxes RequisitesRequisitesUpgradation of slums and/ or provisions for low-income communities.

Upgradation of slums and/ or provisions for low-income communities.

Designated Open Space Provision and Maintenance.Designated Open Space Provision and Maintenance.

Provision of schools and civic facilities.Provision of schools and civic facilities.

Maintenance of public realm.Maintenance of public realm.

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TOD ‘Test Sites’ for implementation:

• Greenfield TOD sites• Infill TOD sites• Redevelopment TOD sites

DwarkaDwarka

Moscow: Infill Corridor

Test Site: Dwarka Corridor/Dwarka Sector 21

Current State

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Thank you