Information frihet & kontroll

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Transcript of Information frihet & kontroll

INFORMATIONFRIHET KONTROLL

Mathias Klang

FINNS RÄTTIGHETER?

We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

4

Sanningsargument

Andras åsikter kan vara rätt – vi är inte ofelbara. Sanningar förändrars. Om vi inte utmanar sanning kommer den vara lika död som en fördom

John stuart mill “om fiheten”

demoktatiargumentet

Yttrandefrihetens syfte inte sanning. Yttrandefrihet nödvändigt för deltagande

Alexander Meiklejohn

Toleransargument

Naturlig impuls att tysta ner oliktänkande… yttrandefrihet innefattar även non-speech acts

John Bollinger “The Tolerant Society”

Onda bibeln – feltryck (1631)

PAPPA, VAD GÖR FARBRORN MED HAMSTERN?

GEORGE ORWELL

“Circus dogs jump when the trainer cracks his whip but the really well-trained dog is the one that turns his somersault when there is no whip.”

LOUIS SEBASTIAN MERCIER “TABLEAU DE PARIS”

Freedom of the press is only one form of freedom of expression. It is linked to a certain technology or technique and its importance diminishes with the development of other technologies which replace or complement the printing press.

Thoreau• Shall we be content to obey them, or

shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once . . . To think that, if we should resist, the remedy would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the government itself that the remedy is worse than the evil . . . Why does it not encourage its citizens to be on the alert to point out its faults, and do better . . .?

We are sometimes obliged to defy the government

Gandhi i “Young India”• Om en ledare är orättvis har hans

medborgare skyldighet att inte lyda.

• Fängelse är bättre än frihet vunnet genom att acceptera orättvisa.

• Civil olydnad får aldrig förvandlas till allmän laglöshet.

Martin Luther King

• Letter from Birmingham Jail

• Direkt aktion används för att komma till förhandling

• Orättvis lag strider mot moralisk eller Guds lag.

Birmingham Jail• “For years now I have heard the word ‘Wait!’…We must come to see…

that ‘justice too long delayed is justice denied.’…One may well ask, ‘How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?’ The answer is found in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust...One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.”

Theory of Justice• I shall assume, as requiring no argument, that there is, at least in a

society such as ours, a moral obligation to obey the law, although it may, of course, be overridden in certain cases by other more stringent obligations.

• …a public, nonviolent, conscientious yet political act contrary to the law usually done with the aim of bringing about a change in the law or policies of the government.

Hugo Adam Bedau

• “committed openly…non-violently…and conscientiously…within the framework of the rule of law…with the intention of frustrating or protesting some law, policy or decision…of the government.”

Peter Singer

• ...if the aim of disobedience is to present a case to the public, then only such disobedience as is necessary to present this case is justified...if disobedience for publicity purposes is to be compatible with fair compromise, it must be non-violent.

Intifada verklighet men är detta en verklig bild?

Kritik mot olydnad

• Inte försvarbart i demokrati. Orätta lagar i en demokrati skall ändras i demokratisk form.

• Endast möjlig om alla demokratiska vägar har försökts – olydnad som sista utväg.

• Vi måste lyda lag – social kontrakt.– Förneka kontraktet– Acceptera kontraktet

Civil Olydnad kriterier

1. Olydnad Handling i syfte att framföra moralisk protest

2. Civil offentlighet, öppenhet, beredd att ta emot konsekvenser

3. Icke-våldsam Kan detta vara möjligt?4. Rättfärdigande konflikt mellan moralisk

princip och lag.

Technology = Communication = Society = Democracy

TEKNOLOGI ÄR DEMOKRATI

TEKNIK kontrollerar vad vi

gör och tänker

Amusing Ourselves to Death

Orwell• Boken kommer att

förbjudas• Övervakning och rädsla• Propaganda och lögner• Kontrollsamhälle

– Censur och straff

• Smärta & Hat

Huxley• Ingen vill läsa• Passivitet och egoism• I-överflöd och irrelevans• Trivialsamhälle

– Såpor & Sociala medier

• Välbehag & Sensualism

Communication

Organization

Protest Access

Religion

PrivacyCulture

Education

Press

Inga trottoarer på nätet

Att kontrollera teknik är att kontrollera samhälle…

Regulation of technology is the regulation of democracy

DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGYThe disruption occurs when the technology, which is introduced effects the social arrangements around which we build our lives

REGULATIONFrom Command and Control to Fuller & Lessig

WHAT’S WRONG WITH COMMAND AND CONTROL?It relies to heavily upon coercion and cooperation.

ONLINE OFFLINE

“We are forming our own Social Contract. This governance will arise according to the conditions of our world, not yours. Our world is different.” (Barlow 1996)

Regulatory Metaphor

Law

Social RulesContextual & programed

Architecture

Lessig (1999)

INFORMATIONSKONTROL: LOKALsoftware4parents, matewatcher

KONTROL: ORGANISATIONUniversitetet, Företag

FILTER

VitlisterSvartlisterInnehållsanalys

Privatizing Censorship

• Non-technical/self censorship– “Public Pledge of Self-Regulation & Professional

Ethics for China Internet Industry” • Responsibility on the signatories:– Inspect & monitor foreign & domestic sites– Block harmful information

Censorship

KONFLIKTENVi skyddas mot stat men infrastrukturen är privat

YES, PRIME MINISTER, 1986, EPISODE 1: THE GRAND DESIGN

Movie: Salami Method

TEKNOOPTIMISM?

2000

2001

2002

2003 2005

2004 2006

Wikipedia

Linkedin

Blog

ger 1

999

Second Life

My Space

Skype

Digg

Facebook

Ning

YouTube

Twitter

Spotify

WIKIPEDIA CENSOREDTPD DÖMDA (ÖVERKLAGAS)BLOGGARE FÄNGSLADEFACEBOOK STRAFFAS SOCIALT

Facebook

• Groups and Causes

• Petition to Get Rid of "is" from Facebook Status Update!

• "Stop the Great HSBC Graduate Rip-Off”• “Support the Monks’ Protest in Burma”

Hacktivism• Digital civil olydnad.• Snabb form av politisk

protest.• Teknologi möjliggör att

flera kan delta.• London 2003 anti-krig

demonstrationer över 1 miljon demonstranter.

Första försöket

• Sit-in 1960• 1998 DoS anfall mot

Mexico’s presidents hemsida

• 8,000 hacktivists deltog i syfte att blockera siten stöd för Zapatista rebellerna i Chiapas.

Hacktivism mjukvara• Floodnet

– Demonstranter använder mjukvara som skickar meningslös information till site. Mjukvara begär att få tillgång till icke-existerande sidor på siten.

• Swarm– Liknar floodnet men möjliggör attack mot flera siter samtidigt.

• Zombie– Användning av hackade maskiner för att koordinera anfall utan

ägarens (av den hackade maskinens) vetskap. http://grc.com/dos/drdos.htm

• Three way handshake (Gibson: www.grc.com)

Denial of Service - technology

TARGETING TECHNOLOGYCase 3: The Lufthansa Case

DoS

Hacka hemsidor• April 2003 - Irish Aviation Authority (http://www.iaa.ie)• The people of Ireland demand that the Irish Government deny access

to Shannon Airport to the U.S. military…The Irish people are told they live in a democratic, neutral country. Where is the democracy in the Irish government deciding without the vote of the people, that U.S. murderers have access to Shannon Airport?

• Nothing deleted.

Web Grafitti

• Livets Ord "Dödens Ord”

Livets ord 2

• Paradise lost ?

Livets ord 3

Movie: Starbucks protest

Movie Single Danish Mother