F r e s hWa t e r

O n A S h r in k in g

P la n e t

World PopulationWorld Population

Population doubles

every 40 years

Source: World Bank 2000

World PopulationWorld Population

Water WithdrawalsWater Withdrawals

Fresh water demand

doubles every 20 years

Source: World Bank 2000

World PopulationWorld Population

Water WithdrawalsWater Withdrawals

Demand > 150% of supply by 2,025

Source: World Bank 2000

“Water promises to be to the 21st century what oil was in the 20th century:

Fortune 2000

the precious commodity that determines the wealth [and health] of nations”

Fortune 2000

F r es h Wa t e r

InIn d i

a

G r o u n dw a t e r

G r o u n dw a t e r

7 0 %

G r o u n dw a t e r

8 0 %

G r o u n dw a t e r

8 0 %

Depletes 14 times faster than replenishes

G r o u n dw a t e r

# children dying every day in India of water illnesses

1600

Gangotri meltingPollution Rain run-off

Declining supply

Population growthAgricultureEconomic development

SkyRocketing

Demand

Demand for water > supply in India by

2020Source: World Bank 2000

Where is water going?

Source: World Water Council 2003

10,000 liters of water

140 liters of water

Source: World Water Council 2003

Source: World Water Council 2003

11,000 liters of water

Source: World Water Council 2003

400,000 liters of water

Source: World Water Council 2003

Geopolitics

Water rights

Vulnerability

Dependencies

Conflicts

Potential Water

SolutionsIn India

Protect existing

fresh water

sources

Harvest existing

fresh water

sources

MaintainWater

Infrastructure

Manage Water

Footprint

New Technologies

IIT Material IIT Material

Science Science

Innovation Innovation

Opportunities

Opportunities

Large Indian

Large Indian

then $BB Global

then $BB Global

MarketMarket

SeaWater

Reverse Osmosis

Low-pressureseawater

Highpressurepump

MembraneMembrane

High pressure brine:25%

Fresh water

Cost: Rs1 per liter of fresh water

SWRO ExchangerSWRO Exchanger

Low pressure reject brine:2%

Financing

Public:Cost of water illnesses = 3% of India GDP Economic expansion

Financing

Private:Venture capital: technologyEntrepreneurshipRegional rights auction