Post on 10-May-2015
Richard P. Halgin
Susan Krauss Whitbourne
University of Massachusetts at Amherst
slides by Travis Langley
Henderson State University
Abnormal Psychology
Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders 5e
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Chapter 1
Substance-Induced Disorders
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Over one quarter have abused or been dependent on drugs during their lifetime.
More than half (51%) of all Americans have used nonprescription or illegal drugs for nonmedical purposes.
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Key Terms
SUBSTANCE INTOXICATION – Temporary behavioral or psychological changes due to substance accumulation.
TOLERANCE – After repeated use of a substance, state in which the individual would have to increase amount used to achieve the same effects.
SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL – Set of physical and psychological disturbances experienced when substance is discontinued.
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Substance Use Disorders
SUBSTANCE ABUSE - Maladaptive substance use that leads to significant impairment or distress.
SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE - Addiction.
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Alcohol
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Patterns of Use and Abuse
Approximately 5% of Americans are considered heavy drinkers.
One in seven has history of alcohol abuse or dependence.
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Effects of Alcohol Use
Immediate Effects Sedating Central Nervous System
Depressant Potentially Fatal in Excess
Alcohol Effects
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Immediate Effects Sedating Central Nervous System
Depressant Potentially Fatal in Excess
POTENTIATION compounds these effects.
Alcohol Effects
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Effects of Alcohol Use
Long-Term Effects Tolerance
Heavy drinkers tend to increase intake, thereby increasing likelihood of bodily damage.
Alcohol Effects
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Effects of Alcohol Use
Long-Term Effects Tolerance Dementia
Wernicke’s or Korsakoff’s Liver damage Zinc deficiency
The list goes on and on . . . .
Alcohol Effects
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THEORIES OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
BIOLOGICAL Runs in families Genetic markers and genetic mapping
PSYCHOLOGICAL Expectancy model Abstinence violation effect
SOCIOCULTURAL Family, community, & cultural stressors Children of alcoholics at greater risk
Theories of Alcohol Dependence
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TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
BIOLOGICAL Medications to control withdrawal symptoms. Medications as aversive agents.
PSYCHOLOGICAL Cue exposure method. Relapse prevention therapy.
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS 12-step program treating alcoholism as
disease. Spiritually based, providing social support.
Alcohol Treatment
• In Alcoholics Anonymous, a drinking binge by an alcoholic who succumbs to temptation is attributed not to moral failing but to biological process.
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• Another tenet of AA is that alcoholics are never cured.
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TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Cue exposure method: A behavioral approach to alcohol treatment in which the individual is given a priming dose of alcohol, which initiates the craving for more alcohol; the person is then urged to refuse further alcohol.
Relapse prevention therapy: A treatment method based on the expectancy model, in which individuals are encouraged not to view lapses from abstinence as signs of certain failure.
Alcohol Treatment
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Substances Other Than
Alcohol
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Stimulants
Amphetamines & Methamphetatmines
Cocaine
Caffeine
Stimulant
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Cannabis
Marijuana
THC
Hashish
Cannabis
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Hallucinogens
LSD
Psilocybin
PCP
Hallucinogens
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Opioids
Natural Opioids: Opium Morphine Heroin
Synthetic Opioids Methadone Codeine
Opioids
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Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics
SEDATIVES have calming effects on the central nervous system.
HYPNOTICS have sleep-inducing qualities.
ANXIOLYTICS are antianxiety medications.
Sedatives, Hypnotics, & Anxiolytics
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TREATMENT
BIOLOGICAL Substances to block or reduce craving.
BEHAVIORAL Contingency management.
COGNITIVE Help modify thoughts, expectancies,
behaviors concerning drugs.
Treatment
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