Halgin6e ppt ch13
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Richard P. Halgin Susan Krauss Whitbourne University of Massachusetts at Amherst slides by Travis Langley Henderson State University Abnormal Psychology Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders 5e yright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or displ
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Transcript of Halgin6e ppt ch13
Richard P. Halgin
Susan Krauss Whitbourne
University of Massachusetts at Amherst
slides by Travis Langley
Henderson State University
Abnormal Psychology
Clinical Perspectives on Psychological Disorders 5e
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 1
Substance-Induced Disorders
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Over one quarter have abused or been dependent on drugs during their lifetime.
More than half (51%) of all Americans have used nonprescription or illegal drugs for nonmedical purposes.
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Key Terms
SUBSTANCE INTOXICATION – Temporary behavioral or psychological changes due to substance accumulation.
TOLERANCE – After repeated use of a substance, state in which the individual would have to increase amount used to achieve the same effects.
SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL – Set of physical and psychological disturbances experienced when substance is discontinued.
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Substance Use Disorders
SUBSTANCE ABUSE - Maladaptive substance use that leads to significant impairment or distress.
SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE - Addiction.
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Alcohol
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Patterns of Use and Abuse
Approximately 5% of Americans are considered heavy drinkers.
One in seven has history of alcohol abuse or dependence.
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Effects of Alcohol Use
Immediate Effects Sedating Central Nervous System
Depressant Potentially Fatal in Excess
Alcohol Effects
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Immediate Effects Sedating Central Nervous System
Depressant Potentially Fatal in Excess
POTENTIATION compounds these effects.
Alcohol Effects
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Effects of Alcohol Use
Long-Term Effects Tolerance
Heavy drinkers tend to increase intake, thereby increasing likelihood of bodily damage.
Alcohol Effects
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Effects of Alcohol Use
Long-Term Effects Tolerance Dementia
Wernicke’s or Korsakoff’s Liver damage Zinc deficiency
The list goes on and on . . . .
Alcohol Effects
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THEORIES OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
BIOLOGICAL Runs in families Genetic markers and genetic mapping
PSYCHOLOGICAL Expectancy model Abstinence violation effect
SOCIOCULTURAL Family, community, & cultural stressors Children of alcoholics at greater risk
Theories of Alcohol Dependence
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TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
BIOLOGICAL Medications to control withdrawal symptoms. Medications as aversive agents.
PSYCHOLOGICAL Cue exposure method. Relapse prevention therapy.
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS 12-step program treating alcoholism as
disease. Spiritually based, providing social support.
Alcohol Treatment
• In Alcoholics Anonymous, a drinking binge by an alcoholic who succumbs to temptation is attributed not to moral failing but to biological process.
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• Another tenet of AA is that alcoholics are never cured.
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TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Cue exposure method: A behavioral approach to alcohol treatment in which the individual is given a priming dose of alcohol, which initiates the craving for more alcohol; the person is then urged to refuse further alcohol.
Relapse prevention therapy: A treatment method based on the expectancy model, in which individuals are encouraged not to view lapses from abstinence as signs of certain failure.
Alcohol Treatment
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Substances Other Than
Alcohol
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Stimulants
Amphetamines & Methamphetatmines
Cocaine
Caffeine
Stimulant
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Cannabis
Marijuana
THC
Hashish
Cannabis
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Hallucinogens
LSD
Psilocybin
PCP
Hallucinogens
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Opioids
Natural Opioids: Opium Morphine Heroin
Synthetic Opioids Methadone Codeine
Opioids
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Sedatives, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics
SEDATIVES have calming effects on the central nervous system.
HYPNOTICS have sleep-inducing qualities.
ANXIOLYTICS are antianxiety medications.
Sedatives, Hypnotics, & Anxiolytics
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TREATMENT
BIOLOGICAL Substances to block or reduce craving.
BEHAVIORAL Contingency management.
COGNITIVE Help modify thoughts, expectancies,
behaviors concerning drugs.
Treatment
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